No.7, (2006) A Survey of Legislation Regarding Environmental Information in Europe and Japan IWATA Motokazu Nihon University, Graduate School of

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1 No.7, (2006) A Survey of Legislation Regarding Environmental Information in Europe and Japan IWATA Motokazu Nihon University, Graduate School of Social and Cultural Studies As Principle 10 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development stresses, environmental issues are best handled with the participation of citizens and each individual shall have appropriate access to information on the environment held by public authorities. In Europe, recalling the Principle, the Århus (Aarhus) Convention was adopted in It provides for the right of everyone to receive environmental information held by public authorities, the right to participate in environmental decision-making, and the right to review procedures to challenge public decisions that have been made without respecting the two aforementioned rights. In Japan, there is no legislation that corresponds directly to the Convention. This paper is intended to know the legal institution in Europe concerning environmental information and public participation based on the Århus Convention and EU Directives that is consistent with the Convention. Japanese institution concerning environmental information is also reviewed briefly (1) EU

2 10 UNECE: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters) (Århus (Aarhus) Convention) UNECE ECOSOC UN Economic and Social Council UNECE (2) United Nations Conference on Environment and Development Rio Declaration on Environment and Development 10 (3) 36

3 UNECE (Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution) (Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes) (Convention on the Transboundary Effects of Industrial Accidents) (Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters) 4 1 environmental information (a) 6 1 (4) (b) (a) 7 4 (c) (b)

4 (5)

5 1. 50MW I Annex I I m m m m mm 40km kg 2 (6) ha 150ha kV 15km

6 (7) EU genetically modified organisms. EU EU Council of the European Union EC: European Community (8) 7 39 party ratification acceptance 7 approval accession EU EC (9) EU EU Directive of the 38

7 European Parliament and of the Council EU EU (10) 90/313/EEC 2003/4/EC 2003/4/EC 90/313/EEC EU (11) 2003/4/EC 2003/35/EC European Communities (12) 90/313/EEC 90/313/EEC /4/EC environmental 1 information 2003/4/EC /313/EEC (a) (13) 90/313/EEC (b) (a) information relating to the environment (c) (a) (b) 90/313/EEC 2 (d) (e) (c) (f) (a) (b) (c) 39

8 90/313/EEC /4/EC /313/EEC 3 4 European Communities (14) /337/EEC /4/EC (15)(16) 96/61/EC /35/EC 4 85/337/EEC 96/61/EC 2003/35/EC /4/EC /337/EEC 3 96/61/EC /35/EC

9 Environmental Information Regulations /4/EC 2003/35/EC 2000 Freedom of (a) 75/442/EEC 7 Information Act (b) /157/EEC 6 (c) /676/EEC (d) 91/689/EEC 90/313/EEC (e) 94/62/EC 14 (f) (18) 96/62/EC /337/EEC /35/EC part 85/337/EEC environmental information EU EC 2003/4/EC 2 1 (17). EU EC

10 (19) The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs register of registers of environmental information PCB 42

11 (20) (21) EU. 9 43

12 (12) Council Directive 90/313/EEC of 7 June 1990 on the freedom of access to information on the environment (1) (13) Commission of the European Communities Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the (2) UNECE Council on public access to environmental information, 4 June, 2000, p.2. (3) public authority (14) Council Directive 85/337/EEC of 27 June 1985 on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private 2 2 projects on the environment (4) public (15) Council Directive 96/61/EC of 24 September 1996 public concerning integrated pollution prevention and control (16) 96/61/EC 2 4 EU the Council of the European Union (5) /337/EEC 90/313/EEC PRTR Protocol on Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers (6) the public concerned EC the Council of the European Communities 2003/4/EC 2003/35/EC EU the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union (17) DEFRA (7) European Commission (18) No (8) Council Decision of 17 February 2005 on the conclusion, (19) Rural Affairs on behalf of the European Community, of the Convention on access to information, public participation in decision-making and access to justice in environmental matters (9) EC European Community (20) (10) Directive 2003/4/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 January 2003 on public access to No environmental information and repealing Council (21) Directive 90/313/EEC 5 (11) Directive 2003/35/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 May 2003 providing for public participation in respect of the drawing up of certain plans (Received: May 31, 2006) (Issued in internet Edition: July 1, 2006) and programmes relating to the environment and amending with regard to public participation and access to justice Council Directive 85/337/EEC and 96/61/EC 44

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