JAMSTEC Report of Research and Development

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1 ISSN JAMSTEC Report of Research and Development Volume 10 March 2010 Published by Library Division Advanced Research and Technology Promotion Department Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) , Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, , Japan TEL: FAX: March 2010 Volume 10 Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) JAMSTEC Report of Research and Development Volume 10 JAMSTEC Report of Research and Development Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology JAMSTEC

2 JAMSTEC Report of Research and Development Volume 10 March Report - Revised Diatom Biostratigraphy of DSDP Leg 19 Drill Cores and Dredged Samples from the Subarctic Pacific and Bering Sea 1 Itaru Koizumi - Review - Cephalopods Collected by the Submersibles and ROVs of Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science & Technology Annotated Catalogue up to Takashi Okutani and Dhugal Lindsay p.23, Cephalopod Catalogue in JAMSTEC Collection, T. Okutani and D. Lindsay

3 JAMSTEC Report of Research and Development Volume 10 Contents March Report - Revised Diatom Biostratigraphy of DSDP Leg 19 Drill Cores and Dredged Samples from the Subarctic Pacific and Bering Sea 1 Itaru Koizumi - Report - Cephalopods Collected by the Submersibles and ROVs of Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science & Technology Annotated Catalogue up to Takashi Okutani and Dhugal Lindsay - Original Paper - Sampler Bias in the Quantitative Study on Meiofauna around Hydrothermal Vents: Comparisons of Sediments Collected Using Two Types of Handcorers with Different Diameters 33 Tomo Kitahashi, Motohiro Shimanaga, Koji Inoue, and Hiromi Watanabe Benthoctopus sp. This octopus was filmed and collected by Shinkai 2000 at a depth of 1538 m near Izena Hole, Okinawa. The most of benthic octopuses have hitherto been lumped into a single genus Octopus, but it is now splitted to a dozen of genera. This may belong to Benthocotopus, but the final identification has not been made, because a sole female specimen is yet available. p.23, Cephalopod Catalogue in JAMSTEC Collection, T. Okutani and D. Lindsay

4 JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 1 _ 21 Itaru Koizumi 1* Revising the Miocene through Pleistocene diatom biostratigraphy on the drill cores recovered in DSDP Leg 19 results in the dating of Neogene sequences especially for Sites 183 and 192 in the far North Pacific Ocean. Ages for the basal part of the lithologic unit A (opal-a), diatom ooze to diatomaceous mud, overlying the unit B (opal-ct), mudstone with no diatom, are older than 10 Ma at 210 mbsf in Site 183, about 9.5 Ma at 718 mbsf in Site 192, and about 4.6 Ma at 582 mbsf in Site 188, at 370 mbsf in Site 187, at 587 mbsf in Site 185 and at 599 mbsf in Site 184, and about 3.2 Ma at 521 mbsf in Site 191, at 618 mbsf in Site 190, at 541 mbsf in Site 189 and at 926 mbsf in Site 186. The diagenetic boundary between opal-a and opal-ct distinctively forms a diachronic plane in the subarctic Pacific. Fossil diatoms in the dredged samples from the Bering Sea indicate stratigraphically major increasing times of diatom mass accumulation rates in the North Pacific: 10-9 Ma, 7-6 Ma, and 3-2 Ma. Keywords: subarctic North Pacific Ocean, Bering Sea, DSDP Leg 19, Neogene diatoms, opal-a (biogenic silica) /opal-ct (cristobalite) Received 20 August 2009 ; Accepted 16 December IODP Domestic Science Planning Committee, Chairman since 2003 (Emeritus Professor of Hokkaido University) *Corresponding author: Itaru Koizumi Atsubetsu-kita , Atsubetsu-ku, Sapporo , Japan Tel [email protected] Copyright by Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology 1

5 Revised Diatom Stratigraphy of DSDP Leg 19 Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) operated to drilling sail in the Bering Sea for the paleoceanograhic research within July-to-September, As early as 1971, Leg 19 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) achieved drilling in the far North Pacific and the Bering Sea, and investigated the Cenozoic and Late Mesozoic history of sedimentation and biostratigraphic development (Creager, Scholl, et al., 1973). DSDP started in 1968, and during the early stages focused mainly on determining the age of the oceanic basement, age of sediments, and general character of sediments. Core recovery was poor in quantity and quality but DSDP Leg 19 is still unique in the drilling the Bering Sea. Naturally, later in 1992 Leg 145 of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) has provided much more continuous cores of excellent quality by using the hydraulic piston coring from the subarctic North Pacific (Rea, Basov, Scholl and Allan, 1995; Fig. 1). The DSDP and ODP have also provided sequences thick and old enough to know diagenetic process and lithification of sediments. In Bering Sea, opal-a (biogenic silica) in the sediment is transformed to opal-ct (cristobalite) at the temperatures between 35 C and 50 C produced by the effect of both depth of burial and local geothermal gradient. This range of the temperature corresponds to the sub-bottom depth of about 600 m and to the area where silicification is most active (Hein et al., 1978). The diagenetic front is represented as the Bottom Simulating Reflector (BSR) in the Table 1. Station localities of Leg 19 sites (Creager, Scholl, et al., 1973) and of the dredge-samples given by Drs. J. Grow, D.M. Hopkins, and D.W. Scholl. seismic profiles. Diatoms are very abundant with high diversity in the far North Pacific and provide the primary biostratigraphic means for dating and correlation for the Neogene sequences in this area. Over the past 35 years, diatom biostratigraphy ranging from Miocene through Pleistocene in the subarctic North Pacific region has refined the precedent results since pioneering papers of Schrader (1973) and Koizumi (1973a). Now we have major papers by Barron and Gladenkov (1995), Barron (2003), Watanabe and Yanagisawa (2005), Gladenkov (2006). A number of feasible zonal marker diatom species have been early selected and taxonomically examined. The first appearances and/or last appearances (extinction) of stratigraphically useful diatoms in the subarctic North Pacific have been defined, and consequently accurate datum levels or age of appearance and extinction have been established. The taxa which are easy to identify, constantly present or relatively abundant, and show a definite and stable stratigraphic ranges are chosen as zonal marker taxa (Koizumi, 1973b; Gladenkov, 2006). The purpose of this paper is to review the diatom biostratigraphic results of DSDP Leg 19 and to present revised age-estimates for diagenetic opal-a/opal-ct boundary at Leg 19 sites and to revise diatom zones representing geologic ages for the dredged samples from the Bering Sea based on the build-up data concerning biostratigraphy, correlation and chronology in the far North Pacific (Table 1). Diatoms provide the primary biostratigraphic means for dating and correlating Neogene marine sediments in the subarctic North Pacific and Bering Sea. The fundamental framework of the diatom biostratigraphic zonation and datum levels in the region had been firstly constructed with the results from investigations on the drilling cores by DSDP Leg 19 and subsequent studies on the North Pacific diatom biostratigraphy had progressed (Koizumi, 1973a, 1973b, 1975c). After two decades, the results by ODP Leg 145, which cored 25 holes at 7 sites in a west-to-east transect of the subarctic North Pacific (Rea, Basov, Scholl, and Allan, 1995), made it possible to correlate the late early Miocene through Pliocene diatom datum levels directly to the magnetostratigraphies at Sites 881 to 884 and 887 (Barron and Gladenkov, 1995). And the detailed magnetostratigraphic calibration for the early to middle 2 JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 1 _ 21

6 I. Koizumi Miocene diatom datum levels was supplemented at Site 887 by Watanabe and Yanagisawa (2005). Earlier the paleomagnetic calibration of the Pleistocene datum levels was performed on the piston cores from the middle to high latitudes North Pacific by Koizumi (1975b) and Donahue (1979), and the calibration on the Pliocene to Pleistocene drill cores by the DSDP Leg 86 was accomplished by Koizumi and Tanimura (1985) and Koizumi (1986). These studies presented the Neogene diatom biochronology for the subarctic North Pacific. Diatom biostratigraphy on DSDP Leg 19 cores in Bering Sea have only a few follow-up studies (Koizumi, 1973a). The Neogene oceanic diatom zonation, which primarily depended on the deep sea drilling cores by ODP Leg 145 in the subarctic North Pacific (Barron and Gladenkov, 1995; Watanabe and Yanagisawa, 2005), was successfully applied to the Neogene sequences on marginal seas and land areas in the middle to high latitudes North Pacific region, and promoted the refinement and revision of the correlation and dating of stratigraphic sequences and regional stages (Yanagisawa and Akiba, 1998; Gladenkov et al., 2000; Gladenkov, 2006; Koizumi et al., 2009). And the diatom biostratigraphy obtained from the investigation on DSDP Leg 19 drill cores in the subarctic North Pacific and dredged samples from the Bering Sea was revised based on the standard Miocene through Pleistocene diatom zonation refined in the middle-high latitudes North Pacific region (Barron and Gladenkov, 1995; Motoyama and Maruyama, 1998; Maruyama, 2000; Koizumi et al., 2009; Fig. 2). Diatoms are most abundant and preserved above the diagenetic boundary opal-a/opal-ct (mentioned later; Fig. 5). Nine of diatom zones were identified at Site 183 near ODP Site 887 (Fig. 1), but the Denticulopsis katayamae Zone could not be identified because the marker species D. katayamae did not Fig. 2. Diatom zones and datum levels for zonal boundaries with absolute ages (Koizumi et al., 2009). Ages of zonal boundary are indicated in parentheses. Magnetochronology of Cande and Kent (1995; CK 95) and the epoch boundaries of Berggren et al. (1995; BKSA 95) were used in this paper. D.: Denticulopsis, C.: Crucidenticula, R:: Rouxia, N.: Neodenticula, A.: Actinocyclus, P.: Proboschia. F.: first occurrence, FC: first common or consistent occurrence, LC: last common or consistent occurrence, L.: last occurrence. Fig. 1. Localities of Sites in Leg 19 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, and Sites and Site 887 in Leg 145 of the Ocean Drilling Program in the subarctic North Pacific Ocean including Bering Sea. JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 1 _ 21 3

7 Revised Diatom Stratigraphy of DSDP Leg 19 occur (Table 2, Fig. 3). The range of D. katayamae is Ma (million years ago) and that of D. praekatayamae is Ma (Motoyama and Maruyama, 1998). The zonal assignment to the sequences below the D. dimorpha Zone are unidentified, because the disorder of diatom datum levels occurs in the sequence. The last occurrence of Neodenticula koizumii at 2.0 Ma, which indicates the Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary, occurred at about 101 mbsf. And the first occurrence of Thalassiosira oestrupii at 5.5 Ma indicating the Miocene/Pliocene boundary was recognized at about 160 mbsf (Figs. 2 and 3). At Site 192, located atop Meiji Guyot at the northwest end of the Emperor Seamount near ODP Sites , ten of diatom zones, continuously from the D. dimorpha Zone through the Neodenticula seminae Zone were identified (Table 3, Fig. 4). However, the first occurrence of D. dimorpha was Fig. 3. Ranges and abundances of stratigraphically important diatoms, and diatom zones at Site 183. White triangles on the right side of the range indicate the stratigraphically reliable positions. Fig. 4. Ranges and abundances of stratigraphically important diatoms, and diatom zones at Site 192. White triangles on the right side of the range indicate the stratigraphically reliable positions. 4 JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 1 _ 21

8 I. Koizumi Table 2. Occurrence of diatoms and diatom zones in the drilled cores at Site 183 of Leg 19 in the far northeast Pacific. JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 1 _ 21 5

9 Revised Diatom Stratigraphy of DSDP Leg 19 Table 3. Occurrence of diatoms and diatom zones in the drilled cores at Site 192 of Leg 19 in the far northwest Pacific. 6 JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 1 _ 21

10 I. Koizumi not recognized. The Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary is situated at about 79 mbsf and the Miocene/Pliocene boundary at about 376 mbsf (Fig. 4). Fossil diatoms in the dredged samples from the Bering Sea have been reported twice, by Hanna (1929), and Baldauf and Barron (1987). The geological ages are obscure because of the absence of the zonal marker diatoms which latest diatom biostratigraphy define. Hanna (1970) indicated that the diatom assemblages from the Pribilof Islands of Bering Sea are similar to the Pliocene assemblages in Sakhalin Islands and Kamchatka, based on Sheshukova-Poretskaya (1967), which described systematically the Neogene diatoms from Kamchatka and Sakhalin, and identified five stratigarphic stages for the development of the far eastern marine Neogene diatoms: late Eocene-Oligocene, middle Miocene, late Miocene, Pliocene, and Pliocene. Gladenkov (1994) recognized three diatom zones in the Olkhovian Formation distributed in the eastern Kamchatka: the late Pliocene Neodenticula koizumii Zone, the early Pleistocene Actinocyclus oculatus Zone, and the late Pleistocene Proboscia curvirostris Zone. These diatom assemblages may correspond to Pliocene in Sheshukova- Poretskaya (1967). Diatoms are most abundant and well preserved in the samples 70-B52-1D; 70-B55-2D2; 70-B55-2D3; 70-B56-3D1, 3D2 and 3D3; 70-B81-1D; 70-B92-3D2; 70-B101-1D; 70- B111-1D1 (Table 4). These samples show zonal marker species constantly and sometimes in combination of several marker species, which are assigned to the zones above D. dimorpha Zone. increasing times in diatom mass accumulation rates (MARs), which Barron (1998) recognized on ODP Leg 145 cores. It means that, according to Barron (1998), the four major changes in diatom MARs occurred in response to cooling in the high latitudes after 10 Ma, and changing in surface and deep-water circulation due to shoaling of the Isthmus of Panama. The first change Event A (Barron, 1998) at about 9 Ma is characterized by a warming trend in the middle to high latitudes (Barron and Keller, 1983; Wright et al., 1992). The "carbonate crash", which is a widespread carbonate dissolution event throughout the equatorial Pacific, occurred between 10 and 9 Ma (Lyle et al., 1995). Event B at 6.2 Ma postdates a major cooling event in the high latitudes at about 6.5 Ma (Kennett, 1986) and also the 6.7 Ma onset of "latest Miocene-earliest Pliocene biogenic bloom", which is characterized by significant increases in both CaCO 3 and opal MARs in the eastern equatorial Pacific (Farrell et al., 1995). In the western equatorial Pacific, biogenic carbonate sedimentation peaks at 6.6 Ma and declines steadily from 5 Ma (Berger et al., 1993). Event C at about 4.5 Ma occurs in the midst of the Thalassiosira oestrupii Zone at Ma. Samples dredged from the Bering Sea were assigned to the interglacial interval from 4.5 to 2.4 Ma, and did not contain diatoms. A warmer paleotemperatures in the high latitudes and paleoceanographic changes which the shoaling of the Panama Isthmus caused obviously weakened diatom productivity in sub-boreal and boreal areas (Lagoe et al., 1993; Shackleton et al., 1995; Haug et al., 1995). Warm-water species in the Azpeitia nodulifera group, on the other hand, diverged during the warm period Ma (Shiono and Koizumi, 2002b). Event D at 2.7 Ma is situated at the boundary between the Neodenticula koizumii-neodenticula kamtschaticula Zone and the N. koizumii Zone. After 2.7 Ma, diatom accumulation rates declined abruptly and coincidently with a major increase in ice rafted detritus in the high latitudes of the North Pacific, showing the onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciation (Haug et al., 1995; Prueher and Rea, 1998). The diatom zoning after Denticulopsis dimorpha Zone, ranging from 10.0 Ma to 9.2 Ma, was confirmed in the diatomaceous sequences recognized in the drill cores at DSDP Sites 183 and 192. And the diatom zones, D. dimorpha Zone, Neodenticula kamtschatica Zone at Ma, N. koizumii-n. kamtschatica Zone at Ma, and N. koizumii Zone at Ma, were exclusively recognized in the dredged samples from the Bering Sea. These zones coincide with the major JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 1 _ 21 7

11 Revised Diatom Stratigraphy of DSDP Leg 19 Table 4. Occurrence of diatoms and diatom zones in the dredged samples from the Bering Sea. 8 JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 1 _ 21

12 I. Koizumi Throughout the drill cores from all sites occupied by DSDP Leg 19, diatom frustules are scattered and corroded, or altered and partly dissolved in mudstone which underlie diatomaceous ooze. X-ray diffraction analysis was tentatively carried out for several mudstone samples (Koizumi, 1973a). The presence of cristobalite, which the opal frustules of diatom were transformed, was recognized in , CC at 627 mbsf. The quartz was present below , 121cm at 526 mbsf, and a negligible amount of cristobalite and quartz occurred at , CC at 755 mbsf and , CC at 995 mbsf. Hein et al. (1978) observed textural and mineralogical properties of authigenic minerals in detail by using of EDAX (Energy Dispersive Analysis by X-rays) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). They indicated that the biogeneic silica (opal-a) diagenetically transformed into opal-ct through a series of stages in mbsf, and opal-ct formed in abundance near 600 mbsf. The upper boundary of intense silicification is marked as a regional acoustic reflector BSR, which mirrors the sea floor topography. The diagenetic front of silification moved upward along with migrating of the thermal boundary. The ages so far assigned were revised by extrapolating the sedimentation rates based on diatom datum levels for the basal part of the lithologic unit A which represents diatom ooze to diatomaceous mud is estimated to be older than 10 Ma below the Denticulopsis dimorpha Zone at 210 mbsf of Site 183. The D. dimorpha Zone at 718 mbsf of Site 192 is estimated to be about 9.5 Ma. The Thalassiosira oestrupii Zone at 582 mbsf of Site 188, at 370 mbsf of Site 187, at 587 mbsf of Site 185 and at 599 mbsf of Site 184 is estimated to be in about 4.6 Ma. The Neodenticula koizumii-neodenticula kamtschatica Zone at 521 mbsf of Site 191, at 618 mbsf of Site 190, at 541 mbsf of Site 189 and at 926 mbsf of Site 186 is to be about 3.2 Ma (Fig. 5). The diagenetic boundary between sediment layers containing biogenic opal-a and containing opal-ct forms distinctively diachronic plane in the subarctic North Pacific, as in the Japan Sea (Koizumi, 1992). Fig. 5. Schematic columnar sections and the epoch based on diatom biostratigraphy, and diatom zone for the basal part of the lithologic unit A (Opal-A) underlay the unit B of mudstone with no diatom (Opal-CT). D.d: Denticulopsis dimorpha, N.koi-N.kam: Neodenticula koizumii-neodenticula Kamtschatica, T.o: Thalassiosira oestrupii, T.y: Thalassiosira yabei. JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 1 _ 21 9

13 Revised Diatom Stratigraphy of DSDP Leg 19 Revised diatom biostratigraphy indicated the presence of early late Miocene Denticulopsis dimorpha Zone ( Ma) at the basal part of diatomaceous mud in both Site 183 of the western side and Site 192 of the eastern side in the subarctic North Pacific. However, the Denticulopsis katayamae Zone could not recognized because of the disappearance of zonal marker species D. katayamae. Fifteen samples dredged from the Bering Sea are assigned to the Denticulopsis dimorpha Zone ( Ma), Neodenticula kamtschatica-neodenticula koizumii Zone ( Ma), and N. koizumii Zone ( Ma). These zonal times and the zoning in diatomaceous sequences in both Sites 183 and 192 correlate to the major increasing times in diatom mass accumulation rates after 10 Ma due to cooling in the high-latitudes and shoaling of the Panama Isthmus (Barron, 1998). Revised diatom biostratigraphy indicated the distinctively diachronic plane for the diagenetic boundary between opal-a and opal-ct in the subarctic North Pacific Ocean. Leg 19 of the Deep Sea Drilling in 1971 summer drilled at 11 sites in the subarctic North Pacific including the Bering Sea and I was one of the scientists on board the drillship Glomar Challenger. I am grateful of Dr. David W. Scholl of the U.S. Geological Survey and Prof. Joe S. Creager of the University of Washington, who invited me. I had experienced about two months life on board six times afterwards, and realized that based on the primary studies on the recovered core materials, succeeding researches had developed advanced stages of investigations and had resulted in a great contribute to our knowledge. I thank all friends and colleagues, whose efforts resulted in the succeeding programs for scientific drilling of the deep sea floor. The sample of ANTIPODE 37D was transferred from Dr. John Crow at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 70Anc 75 and samples of 70-B series were given from Drs. David M. Hopkins and David W. Scholl of the Pacific-Arctic Branch of Marine Geology, Geological Survey of USA. I am also grateful of all diatomists, whose contribution to the progress of Neogene diatom biostratigraphy in the North Pacific region is remarkable. I thank Editor Dr. Narumi Takahashi, and reviewers Drs. Shinichi Kuramoto of JAMSTEC and Jonaotaro Onodera of Kochi University for their suggestions for improvement that helped to make this a better paper. All taxa used in this paper are documented. They are arranged alphabetically. The taxa which are treated in Hustedt ( , 1937, 1958) are referred directly to Hustedt (op. cit.). As for the taxa which are not treated in Hustedt, the references to the original descriptions as far as possible are made. References are chosen from the representative illustrations, and all illustrations documented by Koizumi (1973a) are revised. Stratigraphically important taxa are illustrated with figure numbers in brackets. 1) Actinocyclus curvatulus Janisch in Schmidt, 1878; Koizumi, 1973a, p. 831, pl. 5, figs. 1-6; Sancetta, 1982, p. 222, pl. 1, figs. 1-3 = Actinocyclus divisus (Grunow) Hustedt, 1958; Koizumi, 1973a, p. 831, pl. 1, figs ) Actinocyclus ingens Rattray, 1890, p. 149, pl. 11, fig. 7; Koizumi, 1973a, p. 831, pl. l, fig. 13. [Plate, Figure 21] 3) Actinocyclus ingens var. nodus Baldauf in Baldauf and Barron, 1980, p. 104, pl. l, figs. 5-9; Koizumi and Matoba, 1989, pl. 1, fig. 15 = Actinocyclus ingens Rattray 1890; Koizumi, 1973a, pl. 1, fig. 14, pl. 2, figs ) Actinocyclus ochotensis Jousé, 1968, p. 17, pl. 2, figs. 2-5; Koizumi, 1973a, p. 831, pl. 2, figs. 3-7; Sancetta, 1982, p , pl. 1, figs ) Actinocyclus octonarius Ehrenberg, 1838; Hendey 1964, p. 83, pl. 24, fig. 3 = Actinocyclus ehrenbergi Ralfs in Pritchard, 1861; Hustedt, 1929, p. 525, fig. 298; Koizumi, 1973b, pl. 20, fig ) Actinocyclus oculatus Jousé, 1968, p. 18, pl. 2, figs. 6-7; Koizumi, 1973a, pl. 2, figs [Plate, Figure 14] 7) Actinoptychus senarius (Ehrenberg) Ehrenberg, 1843; Hendey, 1964, p. 95, pl. 23, figs. 1-2; Sancetta, 1982, p. 225, pl. 1, fig. 7 = Actinocyclus undulatus (Bailey) Ralfs in Pritchard, 1861; Hustedt, 1929, p. 475, fig. 264; Koizumi, 1973b, pl. 20, figs. 2a-3b. 8) Asterolampra marylandica Ehrenberg, 1845; Hustedt, 1929, p. 485, figs ; Schrader, 1973, pl. 21, fig. 2; Koizumi, 1980, pl. 2, fig ) Asteromphalus arachne (Brébisson) Ralfs in Pritchard, 1861; Hustedt, 1929, p. 493, fig ) Asteromphalus darwinii Ehrenberg, 1844; Schmidt, 1876, pl. 38, fig. 16; Hanna, 1970, p. 180, fig. 90; Koizumi, 1980, pl. 2, fig ) Asteromphalus flabellatus (Brébisson) Greville, 1859; Hustedt, 1929, p. 498, fig ) Asteromphalus robustus Castracane, 1875; Hustedt, 1929, 10 JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 1 _ 21

14 I. Koizumi p. 496, fig. 278; Sancetta, 1982, p. 226, pl. 1, fig. 10; Koizumi, 1986, pl. 3, fig ) Azpeitia endoi (Kanaya) P.A. Sims and G. Fryxell in Fryxell et al., 1986, p. 16; Shiono and Koizumi, 2002a, p. 68, pl. 1, figs. 1-6, pl. 3, figs. 1-3, pl. 6, fig. 1, pl. 7, fig. 1 = Coscinodiscus endoi Kanaya, 1959, p. 76, pl. 3, figs. 8-11; Koizumi, 1973a, pl. 2, fig ) Azpeitia nodulifer (Schmidt) G. Fryxell and P.A. Sims in Fryxell et al., 1986, p. 19, fig. 17; Shiono and Koizumi, 2002b, p. 340, figs. 1-30, = Coscinodiscus nodulifer Schmidt, Koizumi and Tanimura, 1985, pl. 3, fig ) Bacillaria paradoxa Gmelin, 1788; Hustedt, 1928, p. 396, fig. 755 = Bacillaria paxillifer (Müller) Hendey, 1964, p. 274, pl. 21, fig ) Bacteriosira fragilis Gran, 1900; Jousé, 1962, pl. 2, fig. 15; Sheshukova-Poretzkaya, 1967, p. 202, pl. 33, figs. 3a-b; Koizumi, 1975a, pl. 2, figs. 5-6; Sancetta, 1982, p. 227, pl. 2, figs ) Biddulphia tuomeyi (Bailey) Roper, 1859; Hustedt, 1930, p. 834, fig ) Cocconeis californica Grunow, 1881; Hustedt, 1933, p. 343, fig. 796; Sheshukova-Poretzkaya, 1967, p.269, pl. 45, fig ) Cocconeis costata Gregory, 1855; Hustedt, 1933, p. 332, fig. 785; Sheshukova-Poretzkaya, 1967, p. 262, pl. 44, figs. 4a-b. 20) Cocconeis scutellum Ehrenberg, 1938; Hustedt, 1933, p. 337, fig. 790; Sheshukova-Poretzkaya, 1967, p. 264, pl. 44, fig ) Cocconeis vitrea Brun, 1891, p. 19, pl. 18, fig. 2; Kanaya, 1959, p. 110, pl. 10, fig. 6; Sheshukova-Poretzkaya, 1967, p. 271, pl. 45, figs. 3a-b (non fig. 3c). 22) Coscinodiscus elegans Greville, 1866; Kanaya, 1959, p. 75, pl. 3, figs ) Coscinodiscus marginatus Ehrenberg, 1843; Cupp, 1943, p. 55, fig. 19; Sancetta, 1982, p , pl. 2, fig. 10; Koizumi, 1986, pl. 3, fig. 7 = Coscinodiscus marginatus Ehr. forma fossilis Jousé, 1961, p. 832, pl. 3, figs ) Coscinodiscus oculus-iridis Ehrenberg, 1841; Hustedt, 1928, p. 454, fig. 252; Sancetta, 1982, p. 229, pl. 2, fig ) Coscinodiscus perforatus Ehrenberg, 1854; Hustedt, 1928, p. 445, figs ) Coscinodiscus pustulatus Mann, 1907, p. 257, pl. 48, fig. 3; Hanna, 1970, p. 185, figs. 12, 19-20, 23; Koizumi, 1973a, p. 832, pl. 4, figs ) Coscinodiscus radiatus Ehrenberg, 1839; Cupp, 1943, p. 56, fig. 20; Sheshukova- Poretzkaya, 1967, p. 153, pl. 17, fig. 2; Hanna, 1970, p. 185, figs. 4, 8, ) Cosmiodiscus insignis Jousé, 1961, p. 67, pl. 2, fig. 8; Sheshukova-Poretzkaya, 1967, p. 175, pl. 25, fig. 2a-c; Hanna, 1970, p. 186, figs. 9-11, 30, 32; Koizumi, 1973a, p. 832, pl. 4, figs [Plate, Figure 23] 29) Cosmiodiscus intersectus (Brun) Jousé, 1961, p. 68, pl. 2, figs. 9-10; Sheshukova-Poretzkaya, 1967, p. 174, pl. 25, figs. 1a-b; Koizumi, 1973a, p. 832, pl. 4, figs ) Crucidenticula nicobarica (Grunow) Akiba and Yanagisawa, 1986, p. 486, pl. 1, fig. 9, pl. 2, figs. 1-7, pl. 5, figs. 1-9; Yanagisawa and Akiba, 1990, p. 232, pl. 1, figs ) Crucidenticula paranicobarica Akiba and Yanagisawa, 1986, p. 487, pl. 2, figs. 8-14; Yanagisawa and Akiba, 1990, p. 231, pl. 1, figs ) Cyclotella striata (Kützing) Grunow, 1880; Hustedt, 1928, p. 344, fig ) Cymatosira debyi Temp. and Brun in Brun and Tempere, 1889, p. 36, pl. 7, figs. 18a-b; Sheshukova-Poretzkaya, 1967, p. 237, pl. 40, fig. 7, pl. 41, fig ) Delphineis angustata (Pantocsek) Andrews, 1977, p. 250, pl. 1, figs. 1-4, pl. 2, figs , pl. 3, figs ) Delphineis margalitalimbata (Mertz) Koizumi, 1992, p. 262 = Rhaphoneis margalitalimbata Mertz, 1966, p. 27, pl. 6, figs. 1-3; Koizumi, 1973b, pl. 20, fig ) Delphineis surirella (Ehrenberg) Andrews, 1981, p. 83, pl. 1, figs. 1-5, pl. 2, figs. 6-7 = Rhaphoneis surirella (Ehrenberg) Grunow, 1880; Hustedt, 1931, p. 173, figs. 679; Sancetta, 1982, p. 236, pl. 4, figs ) Denticulopsis dimorpha (Schrader) Simonsen, 1979, p. 64; Koizumi and Tanimura, 1985, pl. 1, fig. 1; Akiba and Yanagisawa, 1986, p. 488, pl. 15, figs. 1-25, pl. 16, figs. 1-11; Yanagisawa and Akiba, 1990, p. 254, pl. 4, figs = Denticula lauta Bailey, 1854; Koizumi, 1973a, pl. 5, figs [Plate, Figure 8] 38) Denticulopsis hyaline (Schrader) Simonsen, 1979; Koizumi and Tanimura, 1985, pl. 1, fig. 3; Akiba and Yanagisawa, 1986, p. 488, pl. 10, figs. 1-11, 14-16, pl. 11, figs. 1-10, pl. 12, figs. 1-5; Yanagisawa and Akiba, 1990, p. 240, pl. 2, figs. 14, 33-34, pl. 9, figs [Plate, Figure 9] 39) Denticulopsis katayamae Maruyama, 1984, p. 158, pl. 12, figs. 1a-6, pl. 17, figs. 1-13, 15-16, 18-23, Koizumi and Tanimura, 1985, pl. 1, figs. 5-6; Akiba and Yanagisawa, 1986, p. 489, pl. 17, figs. 1-3, 6, pl. 19, figs. 6-9, pl. 20, figs. 1, 4-5, 7; Yanagisawa and Akiba, 1990, p. 245, pl. 3, figs. JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 1 _ 21 11

15 Revised Diatom Stratigraphy of DSDP Leg , 28, pl. 11, fig. 4 = Denticula hustedtii Simonsen and Kanaya, 1961; Koizumi, 1973a, pl. 5, figs [Plate, Figure 11] 40) Denticulopsis lauta (Bailey) Simonsen, 1979; Akiba and Yanagisawa, 1986, p. 489, pl. 7, fig. 29, pl. 9, figs. 2-9; Koizumi and Matoba, 1989, pl. 1, fig. 5; Yanagisawa and Akiba, 1990, p. 235, pl. 2, figs. 6-8, 15, pl. 5, figs. 1-3, pl. 9, fig ) Denticulopsis praedimorpha Barron in Akiba, 1982, p. 46, pl. 11, figs. 9a-16, 18-27b; Koizumi and Tanimura, 1985, pl. 1, fig. 2; Akiba and Yanagisawa, 1986, p. 489, pl. 13, figs. 1-28, pl. 14, figs. 1-12; Yanagisawa and Akiba, 1990, p. 249, pl. 4, figs. 1-24, 34-35, pl. 5, figs. 4-12, pl. 7, figs. 5-13, pl. 12, figs ) Denticulopsis praehyalina Tanimura, 1989, p. 172, pl. 1, figs. 1-4, 6-9b, pl. 2, figs. 1-3b, 5-7; emend Yanagisawa and Akiba, 1990, p. 239, pl. 2, figs , pl. 9, figs [Plate, Figure 6] 43) Denticulopsis praekatayamae Yanagisawa and Akiba, 1990, p. 244, pl. 3, figs. 9-11, 20, pl. 11, figs. 3, [Plate, Figure 7] 44) Denticulopsis praelauta Akiba and Koizumi in Akiba, 1986, p. 439, pl. 26, figs ; Akiba and Yanagisawa, 1986, p. 490, pl. 7, figs. 1-15, pl. 8, figs ) Denticulopsis simonsenii Yanagisawa and Akiba, 1990, p , pl. 3, figs. 1-3, pl. 11, figs. 1, 5 = Denticulopsis hustedtii (Kanaya and Simonsen) Simonsen, 1979, p. 64; Koizumi and Tanimura, 1985, pl. 1, figs [Plate, Figure 10] 46) Diploneis smithii (Brébisson) Cleve, 1894; Hustedt, 1937, p. 647, fig. 1051; Hendey, 1964, p. 225, pl. 32, fig ) Eucampia balaustium Castracane, 1886; Hustedt, 1958, p. 136, pl. 5, figs ; Sheshukova-Poretzkaya, 1967, p. 209, pl. 34, figs. 2a-d. 48) Fragilariopsis cylindrus (Grunow) Helmck and Krieger, 1954; Hustedt, 1958, p. 162, figs ; Hasle, 1965, p. 34, pl. 12, figs. 6-12; Koizumi, 1973a, p. 832, pl. 7, figs. 1-2 = Nitzschia cylindra (Grunow) Hasle, 1972; Sancetta, 1982, p. 232, pl. 3, figs ) Fragilariopsis oceanica (Cleve) Hasle, 1965, p. 11, pl. 1, figs , pl. 2, figs. 6-9, pl. 3, figs. 1-2, pl. 16, figs. 1-2 = Nitzschia grunowii Hasle, 1972; Sancetta, 1982, p. 233, pl. 3, figs. 8-10; Koizumi and Tanimura, 1985, pl. 3, figs. 5-6; Nitzschia extincta Kozyrenko and Sheshuk. in Sheshukova- Poretzkaya, 1967; Koizumi, 1972, p. 351, pl. 42, figs. 10a- 11b; Koizumi, 1973b, pl. 20, figs ) Goniothecium tenue Brun, 1894; Sheshukova-Poretzkaya, 1967, p. 232, pl. 39, figs. 6a-b, pl. 40, figs. 5a-b; Koizumi, 1973a, p. 833, pl. 7, figs ) Hemiaulus ambiguus Grunow, 1884, Hustedt, 1930, p. 876, fig ) Hemidiscus cuneiformis Wallich, 1860; Hustedt, 1930, p. 904, fig. 542; Koizumi, 1975a, pl. 4, fig ) Kisseleviella carina Sheshuk. 1962, Sheshukova- Poretzkaya, 1962, p. 206, figs. 2a-c, pl. 1, figs. 1a-b; Sheshukova-Poretzkaya, 1967, p. 236, pl. 40, figs. 6a-c, pl. 41, figs. 5a-c; Koizumi, 1973a, p. 833, pl. 7, figs ) Lithodesmium undulatum Ehrenberg, 1840; Hustedt, 1930, p. 789, fig. 461; Cupp, 1943, p. 150, fig. 108; Hanna, 1970, p. 190, fig ) Mediaria splendida Sheshuk. 1962, Sheshukova- Poretzkaya, 1962, p. 210, fig. 5, pl. 1, figs. 2; Sheshukova- Poretzkaya, 1967, p. 306, pl. 47, fig. 14, pl. 48, fig. 8; Koizumi, 1973a, p. 833, pl. 7, figs ) Melosira albicans Sheshuk. 1964, Sheshukova-Poretzkaya, 1964, p. 69, figs. 1-2, pl. 1, fig. 3; Sheshukova-Poretzkaya, 1967, p. 124, pl. 10, figs. 2a-b, pl. 11, figs. 1a-b; Koizumi, 1972, p. 351, pl. 43, figs ) Neodenticula kamtschatica (Zabelina) Akiba and Yanagisawa, 1986, p. 490, pl. 21, figs. 7-21, pl. 22, figs. 1-12; Yanagisawa and Akiba, 1990, p. 259, pl. 7, figs = Denticulopsis kamtschatica (Zabelina) Simonsen, 1979; Koizumi and Tanimura, 1985, pl. 6, fig. 7; Denticula kamtschatica Zabelina, 1934; Koizumi, 1973a, p. 832, figs [Plate, Figure 4] 58) Neodenticula koizumii Akiba and Yanagisawa, 1986, p. 491, pl. 21, figs , pl. 23, figs. 1-12, pl. 24, fig. 19; Yanagisawa and Akiba, 1990, p. 262, pl. 7, figs = Denticula seminae Simonsen and Kanaya, 1961; Koizumi, 1973a, p. 832, pl. 5, figs [Plate, Figure 5] 59) Neodenticula seminae (Simonsen and Kanaya) Akiba and Yanagisawa, 1986, p. 491, pl. 24, figs. 1-11, pl. 26, figs. 1-10; Yanagisawa and Akiba, 1990, p. 263, pl. 7, figs = Denticula seminae Simonsen and Kanaya, 1961; Koizumi, 1973a, p. 832, pl. 5, figs. 1-6 (non figs. 7-13). [Plate, Figure 2] 60) Nitzschia challengeri Schrader, 1973, p. 707, pl. 5, figs , ) Nitzschia jouseae Burckle, 1972, p. 240, pl. 2, figs ; Schrader, 1973, pl. 4, figs ; Koizumi, 1980, pl. 3, figs ) Nitzschia reinholdii Kanaya in Kanaya and Koizumi, 1970, 12 JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 1 _ 21

16 I. Koizumi p. 58; Koizumi, 1972, p. 351, pl. 42, figs. 16a-c; Koizumi and Kanaya, 1976, p. 155, pl. 1, figs ) Nitzschia rolandii Schrader, 1973, p. 708, pl. 5, figs. 31, 42, pl. 26, figs. 3-4; Yanagisawa and Akiba, 1990, p. 258, pl. 7, figs = Nizschia rolandii Schrader emend. Koizumi, 1980, p. 396, pl. 2, figs ; Akiba and Yanagisawa, 1986, pl. 21, figs [Plate, Figure 3] 64) Nitzschia suikoensis Koizumi, 1980, p. 394, pl. 1, figs ) Odontella aurita (Lyngbye) Agardh, 1830; Sancetta, 1982, p. 234, pl. 3, figs ; Koizumi, 1986, pl. 3, fig ) Paralia clavigera (Grunow) Koizumi, 1992 = Melosira clavigera Grunow in Van Heurck, 1882; Hanna, 1970, p. 190, figs. 52, ) Paralia sulcata (Ehrenberg) Cleve, 1873; Sancetta, 1982, p. 235, pl. 3, figs ) Paralia westii (W. Smith) Koizumi n. comb. = Melosira westii W. Smith, 1856; Hustedt, 1927, p. 268, fig ) Porosira glacialis (Grunow) Jørgensen, 1905; Koizumi, 1973a, p. 833, pl. 4, figs ; Sancetta, 1982, p. 235, pl. 3, figs ) Proboscia alata (Brightwell) Sundström, 1986; Jordan et al., 1991, p. 65, figs. 1-9; Takahashi et al., 1994, p. 413, figs ) Proboscia barboi (Brun) Jordan and Priddle, 1991, p. 56, figs. 1-2; Akiba and Yanagisawa, 1986, p. 497, pl. 42, figs. 3-5, 7, 10-11, pl. 44, figs, ) Proboscia curvirostris (Jousé) Jordan and Priddle, 1991, p. 57, figs. 5-7; Akiba and Yanagisawa, 1986, p. 297, pl. 42, figs. 1-2, pl. 45, figs. 1-6 = Rhizosolenia curvirostris Jousé, 1968; Koizumi, 1973a, pl. 5, figs [Plate, Figure 13] 73) Proboscia praebarboi (Schrader) Jordan and Priddle, 1991, p. 57, figs. 8-9; Akiba and Yanagisawa, 1986, p. 497, pl. 42, figs. 8-9, pl. 43, figs ) Pseudoeunotia elegans Sheshuk. 1964, Sheshukova- Poretzkaya, 1964, p. 75, fig. 3, pl. 2, figs. 4-5; Sheshukova- Poretzkaya, 1967, p. 178, pl. 24, fig. 3, pl. 25, fig. 4; Koizumi, 1973a, pl. 4, fig. 14; Sancetta, 1982, p. 236, pl. 4, figs ) Pterotheca kittoniana (Grunow) Forti var. kamtschatica Gaponov, 1927; Sheshukova-Poretzkaya, 1967, p. 229, pl. 39, figs. 3a-f. 76) Pterotheca subulata Grunow in Van Heurck, ; Sheshukova-Poretzkaya, 1967, p. 230, pl. 39, fig. 4, pl. 40, fig ) Rhabdonema arcuatum (Lyngbye) Kützing, 1844; Hustedt, 1931, p , fig ; Hendey, 1964, p. 279, pl. 35, figs ) Rhabdonema japonicum Temp. and Brun in Brun and Tempère, 1889, p. 53, pl. 1, fig. 6; Sheshukova-Poretzkaya, 1967, p. 258, pl. 43, fig. 14, pl. 44, figs. 1a-d; Hanna, 1970, p. 192, figs. 47, 92-93, ) Rhaphoneis amphiceros Ehrenberg, 1844; Hustedt, 1931, p , fig. 680; Hendey, 1964, p. 154, pl. 26, figs. 1-4; Hanna, 1970, p. 192, figs. 29, ) Rhizosolenia hebetata (Bailey) Gran, 1904; Hustedt, 1929, p. 588, fig. 337; Koizumi, 1973a, pl. 5, figs ; Sancetta, 1982, p. 237, pl. 4, figs. 5-6 = Rhizosolenia sp. a, Koizumi, 1973a, p. 833, pl. 5, fig. 39; Rhizosolenia sp. c, Koizumi, 1973a, p. 833, pl. 5, figs ; Rhizosolenia sp. e, Koizumi, 1973a, p. 833, pl. 5, fig ) Rhizosolenia miocenica Schrader, 1973, p. 709, pl. 10, figs. 2-6; Koizumi and Matoba, 1989, pl. 1, fig. 9 = Rhizosolenia sp. 2, Koizumi, 1973a, p. 833, pl. 5, figs ) Rhizosolenia styliformis Brightwell, 1858; Hustedt, 1929, p. 584, fig ; Koizumi, 1975a, pl. 1, fig. 33; Sancetta, 1982, p. 238, pl. 4, figs ) Rouxia californica Peragallo in Tempère and Peragallo, 1910; Hanna, 1930, p. 186, pl. 14, figs. 6-7; Schrader, 1973, p. 710, pl. 3, figs , 22, 26 = Rouxia peragalli Brun and Herib. forma californica (Perag.) Shehsuk. 1967, Sheshukova-Poretzkaya, 1967, p. 295, pl. 43, fig. 19, pl. 73, figs. 5a-b; Koizumi, 1973a, p. 833, pl. 7, fig. 11. [Plate, Figure 19] 84) Rouxia naviculoides Schrader, 1973, p. 710, pl. 3, figs ) Stellarima stellaris (Roper) Hasle and Sims, 1986, p. 111 = Coscinodiscus stellaris Roper; Sancetta, 1982, p. 229, pl. 2, fig. 12; Coscinodiscus stellaris var. symbolophora (Grunow) Jørgensen, 1958; Koizumi, 1973a, pl. 4, figs ) Stephanodiscus astraea (Ehrenberg) Grunow, 1880, Hustedt, 1927, p. 100, fig ) Stephanogonia polygona Ehrenberg, 1844; Sheshukova- Poretzkaya, 1967, p. 231, pl. 40, fig ) Stephanopyxis horridus Koizumi, 1972, p. 348, pl. 42, figs. 1a-2b; Koizumi, 1973a, pl. 6, figs. 1-4 = Stephanopyxis schenckii Kanaya, 1959; Koizumi, 1973a, pl. 6, figs ) Stephanopyxis inermis Jousé, 1961, p. 60, pl. 1, fig. 2, pl. 3, figs. 1-2; Sheshukova-Poretzkaya, 1967, p. 135, pl. 11, figs. 5a-b; Koizumi, 1973a, p. 833, pl. 6, figs ) Stephanopyxis turris (Grev. and Arn.) Ralfs, in Pritchard, 1861; Hustedt, 1928, p. 304, fig. 140; Koizumi, 1973a, p. JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 1 _ 21 13

17 Revised Diatom Stratigraphy of DSDP Leg , pl. 6, figs ; Sancetta, 1982, p. 238, pl. 4, figs ) Synedra kamtschatica Grunow, 1862; Hustedt, 1927, p. 214, figs ) Synedra jouseana Sheshuk. 1962, Sheshukova-Poretzkaya, 1962, p. 208, fig. 4; Sheshukova-Poretzkaya, 1967, p. 245, pl. 42, figs. 4a-b, pl. 43, figs. 12a-b; Koizumi, 1973a, p. 833, pl. 6, fig. 17. [Plate, Figure 1] 93) Thalassionema hirosakiensis (Kanaya) Schrader, 1973, p. 711, pl. 23, figs ; Akiba, 1982, p. 49, figs [Plate, Figure 17] 94) Thalassionema nitzschioides Grunow, 1881; Hustedt, 1932, p. 244, fig. 725; Hanna, 1970, p. 194, fig. 37; Koizumi, 1975a, pl. 1, figs ; Sancetta, 1982, p. 239, pl. 4, figs ) Thalassionema schraderi Akiba, 1982, p. 50, figs. 6-11; Koizumi and Tanimura, 1985, pl.; 1, fig. 14. [Plate, Figure 18] 96) Thalassiosira antiqua (Grunow) Cleve-Euler, 1951, p. 72, fig. 119a; Koizumi, 1973a, p. 834, pl. 7, fig ) Thalassiosira baltica (Grunow) Ostenfeld, 1901; Hustedt, 1928, p. 328, fig. 164; Hasle, 1978, p. 266, figs ) Thalassiosira borealis Koizumi, 1980, p. 395, pl. 1, figs. 7-10; Koizumi and Tanimura, 1985, pl. 4, fig. 8 = Thalassiosira decipiens (Grunow) Jørgensen, 1905; Koizumi, 1973a, p. 834, pl. 7, figs ) Thalassiosira convexa Mukhina, 1965, p. 22, pl. 11, figs. 1-2; Koizumi, 1973a, pl. 7, figs ) Thalassiosisra decipiens (Grunow) Jørgensen, 1905; Hustedt, 1928, p. 322, fig. 158; Sheshukova-Poretzkaya, 1967, p. 141, pl. 14, fig. 2; Hasle, 1979, p , pl. 3, figs , pl. 4, figs , pl. 5, figs , pl. 6, figs. 30, 33-34, pl. 7, fig. 35; Sancetta, 1982, p , pl. 5, figs ) Thalassiosira eccentrica (Ehrengerb) Cleve, 1904; Fryxell and Hasle, 1972, p. 300, pl. 1, figs. 1-2, pl. 2, figs. 3-10, pl. 3, figs , pl. 4, figs = Coscinodiscus excentricus Ehrenberg, 1839; Koizumi, 1975a, Pl. 2, figs ) Thalassiosira gravida Cleve, 1896; Hustedt, 1928, p. 325, fig. 161; Koizumi, 1973a, p. 834, pl. 7, figs = Thalassiosira gravida forma fossilis Jousé, 1961; Sheshukova-Poretzkaya, 1967, p. 147, pl. 15, figs. 1a-c; Koizumi, 1973a, pl. 7, figs ; Thalassiosira antarctica Comber; Sancetta, 1982, p. 240, pl. 4, figs ) Thalassiosira hyaline (Grunow) Gran, 1897; Koizumi, 1973a, p. 834, pl. 8, figs. 1-2; Sancetta, 1982, p. 242, pl. 5, figs ) Thalassiosira jacksonii Koizumi and Barron in Koizumi, 1980, p. 396, pl. 1, figs [Plate, Figure 20] 105) Thalassiosira kryophila (Grunow) Jørgensen, 1905; Sheshukova-Poretzkaya, 1967, p. 146, pl. 14, fig. 6; Koizumi, 1973a, p. 834, pl. 8, fig ) Thalassiosira lacustris (Grunow) Hasle in Hasle and Fryxell, 1977, p. 40; Sancetta, 1982, p. 243, pl. 5, figs. 6-7; Hasle and Lange, 1989, p.121, figs. 1-2, 8-13, ) Thalassiosira lineata Jousé, 1968, p. 13, pl. 1, figs. 1-2; Koizumi, 1973a, p. 834, pl. 7, figs ; Hasle and Fryxell, 1977, p. 22, figs ) Thalassiosira manifesta Sheshuk. 1964, Sheshukova- Poretzkaya, 1964, p. 72, pl. 1, figs. 6-7; Sheshukova- Poretzkaya, 1967, p. 147, pl. 14, figs. 9a-b; Koizumi, 1975a, pl. 5, fig ) Thalassiosira minutissima Oreshkina in Barron and Gladenkov, 1995, p. 17, figs. 8a-d. [Plate, Figures 15-16] 110) Thalassiosira nativa Sheshuk. 1967, Sheshukova- Poretzkaya, 1967, p. 145, pl. 14, figs. 7a-c; Koizumi, 1975a, pl. 4, figs ) Thalassiosira nidulus (Tempère and Brun) Jousé, 1961, p. 63, pl. 3, figs. 4-5; Sheshukova-Poretzkaya, 1967, p. 140, pl. 11, figs. 8a-b; Koizumi, 1973a, pl. 7, figs [Plate, Figure 12] 112) Thalassiosira nordenskiöldii Cleve, 1875; Hasle, 1968, p. 196, figs. 2, 4, 8; Koizumi, 1973a, p. 834, pl. 8, fig. 4; Sancetta, 1982, p. 243, pl. 5, figs ) Thalassiosira oestrupii (Ostenfeld) Proskina-Lavrenko, 1956; Jousé, 1968, pl. 13, figs. 3-7; Koizumi, 1973a, p. 834, pl. 7, fig. 27; Shiono and Koizumi, 2000, p. 361, figs , 31-33, 35, [Plate, Figure 22] 114) Thalassiosira opposita Koizumi, 1980, p. 396, pl. 1, figs ) Thalassiosira punctata Jousé, 1961, p. 64, pl. 1, figs. 7-9; Sheshukova-Poretzkaya, 1967, p. 151, pl. 14, fig. 10, pl. 17, figs. 1a-b; Hanna, 1970, p. 194, figs. 5-6; Koizumi, 1973a, p. 834, pl. 8, figs ) Thalassiosira temperei (Brun) Akiba and Yanagisawa, 1986, p. 493, pl. 31, figs. 1-7; Tanimura, 1996, p. 182, figs. 17, ) Thalassiosira trifulta Fryxell in Fryxell and Hasle, 1979, p. 16, figs. 1-24; Sancetta, 1982, p. 244, pl. 5, figs , pl. 6, figs. 1-2; Koizumi and Tanimura, 1985, pl. 3, fig. 7; Shiono and Koizumi, 2000, p. 378, figs. 61, = 14 JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 1 _ 21

18 I. Koizumi Coscinodiscus excentricus Ehrenberg, 1839; Koizumi, 1973a, pl. 2, figs ; Coscinodiscus excentricus Ehr. var. fasciculata Hustedt, 1928; Koizumi, 1973a, p. 831, pl. 2, figs ; Coscinodiscus excentricus Ehr. var. jousei Kanaya in Kanaya and Koizumi, 1966; Koizumi, 1973a, p. 832, pl. 3, figs. 1-6; Coscinodiscus excentricus Ehr. var. leasareolatus Kanaya inkanaya and Koizumi, 1966; Koizumi, 1973a, p. 832, pl. 3, figs ) Thalassiosira undulosa (Mann) Sheshu. 1967, Sheshukova-Poretzkaya, 1967, p. 148, pl. 16, figs. 1a-c; Koizumi, 1973a, pl. 8, figs ) Thalassiosira usatschevii Jousé, 1961, p. 64, pl. 3, fig. 6; Sheshukova-Poretzkaya, 1967, p. 150, pl. 15, figs. 3a-d; Koizumi, 1973a, p. 834, pl. 8, figs ) Thalassiosira yabei (Kanaya) Akiba and Yanagisawa, 1986, p. 493, pl. 27, figs. 1-2, pl. 28, figs. 1-9; Tanimura, 1996, p. 186, figs ) Thalassiosira zabelinae Jousé, 1961; Sheshukova- Poretzkaya, 1967, p. 149, pl. 16, figs. 2a-d; Koizumi, 1973a, p. 834, pl. 8, figs ) Thalassiothrix longissima Cleve and Grunow, 1880; Hustedt, 1932, p. 247, fig. 726; Sheshukova-Poretzkaya, 1967, p. 250, pl. 42, fig. 11; Koizumi, 1973a, pl. 8, fig. 16; Sancetta, 1982, p. 245, pl. 6, figs ) Trachyneis aspera (Ehrenberg) Cleve, 1894; Hendey, 1964, p. 236, pl. 29, fig ) Triceratium condecorum Brightwell, 1853; Sheshukova- Poretzkaya, 1967, p. 210, pl. 34, figs. 3a-c; Hanna, 1970, p. 195, figs. 42, ) Trochosira spinosa Kitton, ; Sheshukova- Poretzkaya, 1967, p. 137, pl. 11, figs. 6a-b, pl. 13, figs. 4ab. JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 1 _ 21 15

19 Revised Diatom Stratigraphy of DSDP Leg 19 Plate (Scale bar equals 10 µm for all figures) Stratigraphically important diatom taxa in the drill cores from DSDP Sites 183 and 192 are illustrated. 1. Synedra jouseana Sheshuk.; DSDP , 81 cm, 2. Neodenticula seminae (Simonsen and Kanaya) Akiba and Yanagisawa; DSDP 184-2, 3 cm, 3. Nitzschia rolandii Schrader; DSDP , CC, 4. Neodenticula kamtschatica (Zabelina) Akiba and Yanagisawa; DSDP 183, 18-2, 81 cm, 5. Neodenticula koizumii Akiba and Yanagisawa; DSDP , 81cm, 6. Denticulopsis praehyalina Tanimura; DSDP , CC, 7. Denticulopsis praekatayamae Yanagisawa and Akiba; DSDP , 81 cm, 8. Denticulopsis dimorpha (Schrader) Simonsen; DSDP , 81 cm, 9. Denticulopsis hyalina (Schrader) Simonsen; DSDP , CC, 10. Denticulopsis simonsenii Yanagisawa and Akiba; DSDP , 81 cm, 11. Denticulopsis katayamae Maruyama; DSDP , 20 cm, 12. Thalassiosira nidulus (Temp. and Brun) Jousé; DSDP 192-9, CC, 13. Proboschia curvirostris (Jousé) Jordan and Priddle; DSDP , 16 cm, 14. Actinocyclus oculatus Jousé; DSDP , 131 cm, Thalassiosira minutissima Oreshkina; DSDP , CC, 17. Thalassionema hirosakiensis (Kanaya) Schrader; DSDP , 81 cm, 18. Thalassionema schraderi Akiba; DSDP DSDP , 81 cm, 19. Rouxia californica Peragallo; DSDP , CC, 20. Thalassiosira jacksonii Koizumi and Barron; DSDP , 50 cm, 21. Actinocyclus ingens Rattray; DSDP , 141 cm, 22. Thalassiosira oestrupii (Ostenfeld) Proshkina-Lavrenko; DSDP , 136 cm, 23. Cosmiodiscus insignis Jousé; DSDP , 30 cm. 16 JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 1 _ 21

20 I. Koizumi Akiba, F. (1982), Late Quaternary diatom biostratigraphy of the Bellingshausen Sea, Antarctic Ocean. Report of the Technology Research Center, Japan National Oil Corporation, 16, Akiba, F. (1986), Middle Miocene to Quaternary diatom biostratigraphy in the Nankai Trough and Japan Trench, and modified lower Miocene through Quaternary diatom zones for middle-to-high latitudes of the North Pacific. In: Kagami, H., D.E. Karig, W.T. Coullbourn, et al. (Eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 87, Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office, Akiba, F. and Y. Yanagisawa (1986), Taxonomy, morphology and phylogeny of the Neogene diatom zonal marker species in the middle-to-haigh latitudes of the North Pacific. In: Kagami, H., D.E. Karig, W.T. Coullbourn, et al. (Eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 87, Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office, Andrews, G.W. (1977), Morphology and stratigraphic significance of Delphineis, a new marine diatom genus. Nova Hedwigia, 54, Andrews, G.W. (1981), Revision of the diatom genus Delphineis and morphology of Delphineis surirella (Ehrenberg) Andrews, G.W. n. comb. In: Ross, R. (Ed.), Proceedings of 6th Diatom Symposium on Recent and Fossil Diatoms. Koenigstein: Otto Koeltz Scitific Publisher, Baldauf, J.G. and J.A. Barron (1980), Actinocyclus ingens var. nodus: a new stratigraphically useful diatom of the circum- North Pacific. Micropaleontology, 26, Baldauf, J.G. and J.A. Barron (1987), Oligocene marine diatoms recovered in dredge samples from the Navarin Basin Province, Bering Sea. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1765, Barron, J.A. (1998), Late Neogene changes in diatom sedimentation in the North Pacific. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 16, Barron, J.A. (2003), Planktonic marine diatom record of the past 18 m.y.: appearances and extinctions in the Pacific and Southern Oceans. Diatom Research, 18, Barron, J.A. and G. Keller (1983), Paleotemperature oscillations in the middle and late Miocene of the northeatsren Pacific. Micropaleontology, 29, Barron, J.A. and A.Y. Gladenkov (1995), Early Miocene to Pleistocene diatom stratigraphy of Leg 145. In: Basov, I.A., D.W. Scholl, and J.F. Allan (Eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, 145, College Station, TX: Ocean Drilling Program, Berger, W.H., R.M. Leckie, T.R. Janecek, R. Stax and T. Takayama (1993), Neogene carbonate sedimentation on Ontong Java Plateau: highlights and open questions. In: Berger, W.H. L.W. Kroenke, and L.A. Mayer (Eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, 130, Collge Station, TX: Ocean Drilling Program, Berggren, W.A., D.V. Kent, C.C. Swisher, and M.-P. Aubry (1995), A revised Cenozoic geochchrononogy and chronostratigraphy. In: Berggren, W.A., D.V. Kent, M.-P. Aubry and J. Hardenbol (Eds.), Geochronology, Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication, 54, Tulsa: SEPM, Brun, J. (1891), Diatomées espéces nouvelles marines, fossils ou pelagiques. Mémoires Societe de Physique et d Histoire Naturelle de Genéve, 31, Brun, J. and J. Tempére (1889), Diatomées fossiles du Japon: Espéces marines et nouvelles des calcaires argileux de Sendai and de Yedo. Mémoires Societe de Physique et d Histoire Naturelle de Genéve, 30, Burckle, L.H. (1972), Late Cenozoic planktonic diatom zones from the eastern equatorial Pacific. Nova Hedwegia, 39, Cande, S.C. and D.V. Kent (1995), Revised calibration of geomagnetic polarity time scale for the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, Cleve-Euler, A. (1951), Die Diatomeen von Schweden und Finnland. Kongliga Svenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 2, Creager, J.S., D.W. Scholl, et al. (Eds.) (1973), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 19, Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office, Cupp, E.E. (1943), Marine Plankton Diatoms of the West Coast of North America. Berkeley, University of California Press, Donahue, J.G. (1979), Pleistocene diatoms as climatic indicators in North Pacific sediments. The Geological Society of America, INC., Meroir 126, Farrell, J., I. Raffi, T. Janecek, D. Murray, M. Levitan, K. Dadey, K.-C. Emeis, M. Lyle, J.-A. Flores and S. Hovan JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 1 _ 21 17

21 Revised Diatom Stratigraphy of DSDP Leg 19 (1995), Late Neogene sedimentation patterns in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. In: Pisias, N.G., L.A. Mayer, T.R. Janecek, A. Palmer-Julson and T.H. van Andel, (Eds.) (1995), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 138, Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office, Fryxell, G.A. and G.R. Hasle (1972), Thalassiosira eccentrica (Ehrengerb) Cleve, T. symmetrica sp. nov., and some related centric diatoms. Journal of Phycology, 8, Fryxell, G.A. and G.R. Hasle (1979), The genus Thalassiosira: T. trifulta sp. nova and other species with tricolumnar supports on strutted processes. Nova Hedwigia. 64, Fryxell, G.A., P.A. Sims and T.P. Watkins (1986), Azpeitia (Bacillariophyceae): Related genera and promorphology. Systematic Botany Monographs, The American Society of Plant Taxonomists, 13, Gladenkov, A.Y. (1994), Diatom assemblages from the Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary beds in Kamchatka, Russia. Micropaleontology, 40, Gladenkov, A.Y. (2006), The Cenozoic diatom zonation and its significance for stratigraphic correlations in the North Pacific. Paleontological Journal, 40, S571-S583. Gladenkov, A.Y., L.D. White, Y.B. Gladenkov and J.R. Blueford (2000), Cenozoic biostratigraphy of the Pogranichnyi region, eastern Sakhalin, Russia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 158, Hanna, G.D. (1929), Fossil diatoms dredged from Bering Sea. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 5, Hanna, G.D. (1930), A review of genus Rouxia. Journal of Paleontology, 4, Hanna, G.D. (1970), Fossil diatoms from the Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea, Alaska. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 4th Ser, 37, Hasle, G.R. (1965), Nitzschia and Fragilariopsis species studied in the light and electron microscopes.. The genus Fragilariopsis. Skrifter Utgitt av Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo I. Matematisk- Naturvidenskapelig Klasse, 21, Hasle, G.R. (1968), The valve processes of the centric diatom genus Thalassiosira. Nytt Magasin for Botanikk, 15, Hasle, G.R. (1978), Some freshwater and brackish water species of the diatom genus Thalassiosira Cleve. Phycologia, 17, Hasle, G.R. (1979), Thalassiosira decipiens (Grunow) Jørgensen (Bacillariophyceae). Bacillaria, 2, Hasle, G.R. and G.A. Fryxell (1977), The genus Thalassiosira: some species with a linear areola array. Nova Hedwigia, 54, Hasle, G.R. and C.B. Lange (1989), Freshwater and brackish water Thalassiosira (Bacillariophyceae): taxa with tangentially undulated valves. Phycologia, 28, Hasle, G.R. and P.A. Sims (1986), The diatom genera Stellarima and Symbolophora with comments on the genus Actinoptychus. Journal of British Phycological Society, 21, Haug, G.H., M.A. Maslin, M. Sarnthein, R. Stax and R. Tiedemann (1995), Evolution of northwest Pacific sedimentation patterns since 6 Ma: Site 882. In: Basov, I.A., D.W. Scholl and J.F. Allan (Eds.) (1995), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Resultst, 145, College Station, TX, Ocean Drilling Program, Hein, J.R., D.W. Scholl, J.A. Barron, M.G. Jones and J. Miller (1978), Diagenesis of late Cenozoic diatomaceous deposits and formation of the bottom simulating reflector in the southern Bering Sea. Sedimentology, 25, Hendey, N.I. (1964), An Introductory Account of the Smaller Algae of British Coastal Waters. Fishery Investigations, Ser. 4, Pt. 5: Bacillariophyceae (Diatoms), London (Her Majesty' s Stationery Office), Hustedt, F. (1927), Die Kieselalgen Deutschland, Oesrerreichs und der Schweiz unter Berücksichtigung der übrigen Länder Europas sowie der ngreen zenden Meeresgebiete. In: Rabenhorsts, L. (Ed.), Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz, Teil 1, Sect. 1, Leipzig, Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m.b.h, Hustedt, F. (1928), Die Kieselalgen Deutschland, Oesrerreichs und der Schweiz unter Berücksichtigung der übrigen Länder Europas sowie der angreen zenden Meeresgebiete. In: Rabenhorsts, L. (Ed.), Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz, Teil 1, Sect. 2, Leipzig, Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m.b.h, Hustedt, F. (1929), Die Kieselalgen Deutschland, Oesrerreichs und der Schweiz unter Berücksichtigung der übrigen Länder Europas sowie der angreen zenden Meeresgebiete. In: Rabenhorsts, L. (Ed.), Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz, Teil 1, Sect. 3, Leipzig, Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m.b.h, Hustedt, F. (1930), Die Kieselalgen Deutschland, Oesrerreichs und der Schweiz unter Berücksichtigung der übrigen 18 JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 1 _ 21

22 I. Koizumi Länder Europas sowie der angreen zenden Meeresgebiete. In: Rabenhorsts, L. (Ed.), Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz, Teil 1, Sect. 4, , Sect 5, Leipzig, Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m.b.h, Hustedt, F. (1931), Die Kieselalgen Deutschland, Oesrerreichs und der Schweiz unter Berücksichtigung der übrigen Länder Europas sowie der angreen zenden Meeresgebiete. In: Rabenhorsts, L. (Ed.), Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz, Teil 2, Sect. 1, Leipzig, Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m.b.h, Hustedt, F. (1932), Die Kieselalgen Deutschland, Oesrerreichs und der Schweiz unter Berücksichtigung der übrigen Länder Europas sowie der angreen zenden Meeresgebiete. In: Rabenhorsts, L. (Ed.), Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz, Teil 2, Sect. 2, Leipzig, Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m.b.h, Hustedt, F. (1933), Die Kieselalgen Deutschland, Oesrerreichs und der Schweiz unter Berücksichtigung der übrigen Länder Europas sowie der angreen zenden Meeresgebiete. In: Rabenhorsts, L. (Ed.), Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz, Teil 2, Sect 3, , Sect. 4, Leipzig, Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m.b.h, Hustedt, F. (1937), Die Kieselalgen Deutschland, Oesrerreichs und der Schweiz unter Berücksichtigung der übrigen Länder Europas sowie der angreen zenden Meeresgebiete. In: Rabenhorsts, L. (Ed.), Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz, Teil 2, Sect. 2, , Sect. 5, Leipzig, Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m.b.h, Hustedt, F. (1958), Diatomeen aus der Antarktis und dem Südatlantik. Deutsche Antarktische Expedition 138/39, 2, Jordan, R.W. and J. Priddle (1991), Fossil members of the diatom genus Proboscia. Diatom Research, 6, Jordan, R.W., R. Ligowski, E.-M. Nöthig and J. Priddle (1991), The diatom genus Proboscia in Antarctic waters. Diatom Research, 6, Jousé, A.P. (1961), Miocene and Pliocene marine diatoms from the Far East. Botanical Material, Spore-Bearing Plants, Botanical Institution, Akad. Nauk SSSR, 14, Jousé, A.P. (1962), Stratigraphicand Paleogeographic Investigations in the Northwest Part of the Pacific Ocean. Moscow, Akad. Nauk SSSR, Oceanologic Institute, Jousé, A.P. (1968), New species of diatoms in bottom sediment of the Pacific and the Sea of Okhotsk. Novitates Systematici Plantarum non Vascularum 1965, Aka. Nauk SSSR, 3, Kanaya, T. (1959), Miocene diatom assemblages from the Onnagawa Formation and their distribution in correlative formations in northeast Japan. Science Reports of the Tohoku University, 2nd Ser., 30, Kanaya, T. and I. Koizumi (1970), The progress in the younger Cenozoic diatom stratigraphy in the northern circum- Pacific region. Journal of Marine Geology, 6, Kennett, J.P. (1986), Miocene to early Pliocene oxygen and carbon isotope stratigraphy in the southwest Pacific, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 90. In: Kennett, J.P. and C.C. von der Borch (Eds.) (1986), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 90, Washington, US Government Printing Office, Koizumi, I. (1972), Marine diatom flora of the Pliocene Tatsunokuchi Formation in Fukushima Prefecture, Northeast Japan. Transactions and Proceeding of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, New Ser., 86, Koizumi, I. (1973a), The late Cenozoic diatoms of Sites , Leg 19 Deep Sea Drilling Project. In: Creager, J.S., D.W. Scholl, et al. (Eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 19, Washington, US Government Printing Office, Koizumi, I. (1973b), Marine diatom flora of the Pliocene Tatsunokuchi Formation in Kiyagi Prefecture. Transactions and Proceeding of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, New Ser., 79, Koizumi, I (1975a), Neogene diatoms from the western margin of the Pacific Ocean, Leg 31, Deep Sea Drilling Project. In: Karig, D.E., J.C., Ingle, Jr., et al. (Eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 31, Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office, Koizumi, I (1975b), Diatom events in late Cenozoic deep-sea sequences in the North Pacific. Journal of the Geological Society of Japan, 81, Koizumi, I. (1975c), Late Cenozoic diatom biostratigraphy in the circum-north Pacific region. Journal of the Geological Society of the Japan, 81, Koizumi, I. (1980), Neogene diatoms from the Emperor seamount chain, Leg 55, Deep Sea Drilling Project. In: Jackson, E.D., I. Koizumi, et al. (Eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 55, Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office, Koizumi, I. (1986), Pliocene and Pleistocene diatom levels JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 1 _ 21 19

23 Revised Diatom Stratigraphy of DSDP Leg 19 related with paleoceanography in the northwest Pacific. Marine Micropaleontology, 10, Koizumi, I. (1992), Diatom biostratigraphy of the Japan Sea: Leg 127. In: Pisciotto, K.A., J.C. Ingle, Jr., M.T. von Breymann, et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Resultst, 127/128, College Station, TX, Ocean Drilling Program, Koizumi, I. and T. Kanaya (1976), Late Cenozoic marine diatom sequence from the Choshi district, Pacific coast, central Japan. In: Takayanagi, Y. and T. Saito, (Eds.), Progress in Micropaleontology, New York, Micropaleontology Press, Koizumi, I. and Y. Matoba (1989), On the top of the Nishikurosawa Stage. Chishitsugaku Ronshu, 30, Koizumi, I. and Y. Tanimura (1985), Neogene diatom biostratigraphy of the middle latitude western North Pacific. In: Heath, G.R., L.H. Burckele, et al. (Eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 86, Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office, Koizumi, I., M. Sato and Y. Matoba (2009), Neogene diatoms from the Oga Peninsula, northeast Japan and ODP drilling cores in the Japan Sea. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 272, Lagoe, M.B., C.H. Eyles, N. Eyles and C. Hale (1993), Timing of late Cenozoic tidewater glaciation in the far North Pacific. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 105, Lyle, M., K.A., Dadey and J.W. Farrell (1995), The late Miocene (11-8 Ma) eastern Pacific carbonate crash: evidence for reorganization of deep-water circulation by closure of the Panama gateway. In: Pisias, N.G., L.A. Mayer, T.R. Janecek, A. Palmer-Julson and T.H. van Andel (Eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Resultst, 138, College Station, TX, Ocean Drilling Program, Mann, A. (1907), Report of the diatoms of the Albatross voyages in the Pacific Ocean, Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum. Contributions from the U.S. National herbarium, 10, Maruyama, T. (1984), Miocene diatom biostratigraphy of onshore sequences on the Pacific side of northeast Japan, with reference to DSDP Hole 438A (Part 1). Science Reports of the Tohoku University, 2nd ser., 54, Maruyama, T. (2000), Middle Miocene to Pleistocene diatom stratigraphy of Leg 167. In: Lyle, M., I. Koizumi, C. Richter and T.C. Moore, Jr. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Resultst, 167, College Station, TX, Ocean Drilling Program, Mertz, D. (1966), Mikropaläontologische und sedimentologische Untersuchung der Pisco Formation Südperus. Palaeontographica, 118, Motoyama, I. and T. Maruyama (1998), Neogene diatom and radiolarian biochronology for the middle-to-high latitudes of the Northwest Pacific region: calibration to the Cande and Kent' s geomagnetic polarity time scales (CK92 AND CK95). Journal of the Geological Society of the Japan, 104, Mukhina, V.U. (1965), New species of diatom from the bottom sediments of the equatorial region of the Pacific. Novitates Systematici Plantarum non Vascularum 1965, Aka. Nauk SSSR, 11, Prueher, L.M. and D.K. Rea (1998), Rapid onset of glacial conditions in the subarctic North Pacific region at 2.67 Ma: Clues to causality. Geology, 26, Rattray, J. (1890), A revision of the Actinocyclus Ehr. The Journal Quekett Microscopical Club, 2nd Series, 4, Rea, D.K., I.A. Basov, D.W. Scholl and J.F. Allan (Eds.) (1995), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Resultst, 145, College Station, TX, Ocean Drilling Program, Sancetta, C. (1982), Distribution of diatom species in surface sediments of the Bering and Okhotsk seas. Micropaleontology, 28, Schmidt, A. (Ed.) ( ). Atlas der Diatomaceenkunde. Leipzig, O.R. Reisland, vol , pl Schrader, H.-J. (1973), Cenozoic diatoms from the northeast Pacific, Leg 18. In: Kulm, L.D., R. von Huene, et al. (Eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 18, Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office, Shackleton, N.J., M.A. Hall and D. Pate (1995), Pliocene stable isotope stratigraphy of Site 846. In: Pisias, N.G., L.A. Mayer, T.R. Janecek, A. Palmer-Julson and T.H. van Andel (Eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Resultst, 138, College Station, TX, Ocean Drilling Program, Sheshukova-Poretzkaya, V.S. (1962), New and rare Bacillariophyta from diatom suite of North Sakhalin. Leningrad University, Biological Institute, Ser. Biology, 49, Sheshukova-Poretzkaya, V.S. (1964), New and rare diatoms from the Neogene of Sakhalin and Kamtschatika. Novitates 20 JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 1 _ 21

24 I. Koizumi Systematici Plantarum non Vascularum 1964, Aka. Nauk SSSR, 10, Sheshukova-Poretzkaya, V.S. (1967), Neogene Marine Diatoms of Sakhalin and Kamtschatika. Leningrad, Leningrad University Press, Shiono, M. and Koizumi, I. (2000), Taxonomy of the Thalassiosira trifulta group in late Neogene sediments from the northwest Pacific Ocean. Diatom Research, 15, Shiono, M. and Koizumi, I. (2002a), Taxonomy of Azpeitia endoi and A. tabularis (Bacillariophyta) in Middle Miocene to Recent materials from the north and northwest Pacific Ocean. Micropaleontology, 48, Shiono, M. and Koizumi, I. (2002b), Taxonomy of the Azpeitia nodulifera group in late Neogene sediments from the northwest Pacific Ocean. Diatom Research, 17, Simonsen, R. (1979), The diatom system: Ideas on phylogeny. Bacillaria, 2, Takahashi, K., R. Jordan and J. Priddle (1994), The diatom genus Proboscia in subarctic waters. Diatom Research, 9, Tanimura, Y. (1989), Denticulopsis praehyalina sp. Nov.: an early Middle Miocene pinnate diatom from Dogo, Oki Islands, Sowthwest Japan. Transactions and Proceeding of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, New Ser., 155, Tanimura, Y. (1996), Fossil marine plicated Thalassiosira: taxonomy and an idea on phylogeny. Diatom Research, 11, Watanabe, M. and Y. Yanagisawa (2005), Refined Early to Middle Miocene diatom biochronology for the middle- to high-latitude North Pacific. The Island Arc, 14, Wright, J.D., K.G. Miller and R.G. Fairbanks (1992), Early and middle Miocene stable isotopes: Implications for deepwater circulation and climate. Paleoceanography, 7, Yanagisawa, Y. and F. Akiba (1990), Taxonomy and phylogeny of the three marine diatom genera, Crucidenticula, Denticulopsis and Neodenticula. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Japan, 41, Yanagisawa, Y. and F. Akiba (1998), Refined Neogene diatom biostratigraphy for the northwest Pacific around Japan, with an introduction of code numbers for selected diatom biohorizons. Journal of the Geological Society of Japan, 104, JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 1 _ 21 21

25 JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 23 _ 32 Takashi Okutani 1* and Dhugal Lindsay 1 The crewed submersibles and ROVs of JAMSTEC have obtained many images of nektonic cephalopods, but they only rarely catch voucher specimens of such fast-moving animals. An inventory of JAMSTEC' s cephalopod specimens collected by those vehicles yielded nineteen species including some noteworthy species. Keywords: Cephalopoda, JAMSTEC, submersibles, ROVs, deep-sea species Received 21 October 2009 ; Accepted 25 December Marine Biodiversity Research Program, Institute of Biogeosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) *Corresponding author: Takashi Okutani Marine Biodiversity Research Program, Institute of Biogeosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka , Japan Tel [email protected] Copyright by Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology 23

26 Cephalopod Catalogue in JAMSTEC Collection Through the activities of crewed submersibles (Shinaki and Shinkai-6500) and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) of the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), a considerable number of cephalopod images have been accumulated (see Fujikura et al., 2008). However, because of the difficulty of capturing such swift-moving animals using submarine vehicles, voucher specimens for those video and still images have not always been captured and preserved in the JAMSTEC collection. Only some of the cephalopods for which interesting behaviors had been photographed or videotaped (e.g. Okutani & Lindsay, 2005; Okutani et al., 2007) were successfully captured. This paper lists cephalopod specimens collected by the crewed submersibles, such as Shinkai-2000 and Shinkai-6500, and ROVs, such as the Dolphin-3K, Hyper-Dolphin, and some others, with taxonomic and ecological annotations according to species. All of the cephalopod specimens treated here are preserved in 10% formalin or 70% ethanol and deposited in the zoological collection of JAMSTEC. The 'material examined' in the forthcoming catalogue by species/specimen primarily follows the format as below: JAMSTEC registration number followed by accession number in parenthesis. DML ( = dorsal mantle length for squids) or TL ( = total length for octopuses), vessel-dive number, date of dive in parenthesis, latitude and longitude, depth of capture, general locality, name of participating scientist (or collector) in parenthesis followed by hydrographic data (if any, e.g. water temperature, salinity PSU, dissolved oxygen DO). Some taxonomic or ecological comments are occasionally annotated under 'Remarks'. [Sepiidae] Material examined: JAMSTEC DML 4.6 mm, Hyper- Dolphin Dive 254 (November 24, 2003), N, E, 204 m, Kagoshima Bay. Remarks: For fear of destroying the sole specimen, the cuttlebone, which had been softened by the fixative, was not examined. Thus, the identification to species was impossible. [Sepiolidae](Fig. 1A) Material examined: JAMSTEC (2K1212SS5). DML 12.8 mm. Shinkai 2000 Dive 1212 (August 16, 2000), N, E, 677 m, (406 m altitude above bottom), Japan Sea "Site C" (J. Hunt), 0.33 C, PSU, DO 4.7 ml/l. Remarks: The sole specimen is a male. This species is common in the shallow trawl catches from the western sector of the Japan Sea (Takayama & Okutani, 1992). The present specimen is a range extension of its distribution northwards off Akita Prefecture, and is the deepest record of its occurrence. [Sepiolidae](Fig. 1B) Material examined: JAMSTEC to DML mm, Hyper-Dolphin Dive 188 (June 28, 2003), N, E, 912 m, Kaikata Seamount, Ogasawara (S. Tsuchida). Remarks: Detailed field observations with some notes on these specimens were reported elsewhere by Okutani & Tsuchida (2005) [Enoploteuthidae] (Fig. 1C) Material examined: JAMSTEC (2K1334SS2a). DML 42.9 mm & 44.9 mm, Shinkai 2000 Dive 1334 (April 2, 2002), N, E, 620 m, SE off Hatsushima Island, Sagami Bay, at 1200 in bottom depth (Y. Ohno). JAMSTEC & DML 44.5 mm & 43.8 mm, Hyper-Dolphin Dive 277 (March 8, 2004), N, E, 360 m, off Hatsushima Island, Sagami Bay, at 1152 m in bottom depth (D. Lindsay). 24 JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 23 _ 32

27 T. Okutani and D. Lindsay JAMSTEC unregistered (HD521SS4b). DML 37.6 mm, Hyper- Dolphin Dive 521 (March 4, 2006), N, E, 478 m, off Kamogawa, Boso Peninsula (D. Lindsay). JAMSTEC unregistered: DML 39.3 mm. Hyper-Dolphin Dive 523 (March 6, 2006); N, E, sampling depth unknown, Sagami Bay, at m in bottom depth (D. Lindsay). Remarks: This species has occasionally been observed in swarms in Sagami Bay and Suruga Bay (see Okutani, 2008, fig. 26.2A) as well, at depths of around 400 m in daytime (D. Lindsay, personal observation). Shinkai-2000 Dive 1217 (September 14, 2000), N, E, 326 m, off east coast of Hokkaido (T. Hamatsu), 2.5 C, PSU, DO 3.2 ml/l. Remarks: This is an immature specimen. It grows to 16 cm DML (Okutani, 2005) The manal hooks are still under development: A central large hook, a single distal small hook, and two proximal small hooks were already differentiated. The adult has a single middle-sized hook distal to the large central hook, and four small proxial hooks (Young, 1972). This species is unique within the genus with its possession of subocular photogenic tissue. [Onychoteuthidae] (Fig. 1G) Material examined: JAMSTEC (2K1201SS5). DML 67.9 mm, Shinkai 2000 Dive 1201(July 6, 2000), N, E, 1163 m, SE of Hatsushima Island, Sagami Bay (H. Miyake), 3.0 C, PSU, DO 1.2 ml/l. Remarks: The taxonomic status of the genus Onychoteuthis has been resolved by the recent revision by Bolstad (2008). The present specimen is characterized by having no chromatophores on the ventral surface, 22 (right) and 23 (left) tentacular hooks, and posterior visceral photophores about twice as large as anterior one. The present specimen is identifiable as O. lacrima among the O. banksii-complex in the Pacific. O. lacrima was originally established based on a specimen with a DML of 94 mm from central North Pacific. Bolstad (2008) stated that this species is distributed in "northcentral Pacific waters (200-0 m), primarily N and 170 W to 170 E; also found off eastern Japan". No in situ image was taken.. [Onychoteuthidae] (Fig. 1F) Material examined: JAMSTEC unregistered (HD521SS4). DML 61 mm, Hyper-Dolphin Dive 521 (March 4, 2006), N, E, 494 m, off Kamogawa, Boso Peninsula (D. Lindsay), 6.6 C, PSU, DO 1.9 ml/l. Remarks: The living state of this specimen was photographed by the second author (DL) and shown in Okutani (2008, fig. 26.3). The ecological significance of downward gazing posture of this species is discussed elsewhere (Kubodera et al., submitted) [Gonatidae] (Fig. 1D) Material examined: JAMSTEC DML 24.7 mm, [Gonatidae] (Fig. 1E) Material examined: JAMSTEC (2K1207SS6 A). DML 60.9 mm, Shinkai 2000 Dive 1207 (August 10, 2000), N, E, 868 m, Japan Sea site "A" off Oki Bank (J.C.Hunt), 0.23 C, PSU. JAMSTEC (2K1212SS6 B). DML 55.7 mm, Shinkai 2000 Dive 1212 (August 16, 2000), N, E, 1029 m (70 m altitude above bottom), Japan Sea site "C" off Akita Prefecture (J.C. Hunt), 0.24 C, PSU, DO 4.7 ml/l. Remarks: Gonatopsis octopedatus was originally described by Sasaki (1920) based on a single specimen (DML 65 mm) from Albatross St near Cape Patience, Sakhalin, in 440 fathoms ( = 792 m). Since then, Akimushkin (1963) reported this species from the Northwest Pacific waters off Hokkaido and the Sea of Okhotsk. Subsequently, Okiyama (1970) gave a full description based on a single specimen (DML 99+ mm) from a depth of 810 m off Niigata, the Japan Sea. No essential addition is needed to bolster the descriptions by Sasaki (1920, 1929) and Okiyama (1970). By summarizing the previous distribution data by Sasaki (1920), Akimushkin (1963), Okiyama (1970), and Nesis (1973), Nesis (1987) defined the distribution range of this species as from the "northern slope of the Bering Sea to the Sea of Okhotsk, Sea of Japan, NE Honshu, and the Gulf of Alaska. Mesopelagic, bathypelagic, and lower bathyal" probably incorporating his unpublished data. Okiyama (1970) stated that "the rather bizarre, very long, tapering and crooking distally shape of arms in the present species reminds us of a condition in octopods rather than in decapods" assuming that G. octopedatus may live closely associated with the ocean bottom, such as standing or crawling by using its curled arms. However, the underwater observations did not prove such a bottomassociated behavior for this squid (Hunt, personal communication; Okutani, 2008). Also, neither of the two JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 23 _ 32 25

28 Cephalopod Catalogue in JAMSTEC Collection specimens have crooked arm tips which are very slenderly attenuated. It is not clear at present if Okiyama' s specimen was a different phase or growth stage from those of the present specimens. ü [Octopoteuthidae] (Fig. 2A) Materal examined: JAMSTEC (2K1023SS5). DML178 mm, Shinkai-2000 Dive 1023 (June 27, 1998), N, E, 1110 m, off Amami-Oshima Island, Nansei Islands (J.C.Hunt). Remarks: The taxonomy of the genus Octopoteuthis has not yet been well resolved. Therefore, the identification of the present specimen is more or less tentative. The mantle is soft, rather gelatinous, dark purplish in color and ornamented by longitudinal, discontinuous wrinkles, which are particularly apparent on the anterior ventral side. Near the posterior end of the mantle is a pair of bumps, which indicate the presence of embedded photophores. Fins reach to the posterior end of the short tail, and both lobes are united with each other with a deep V-shaped sinus in mid front. The anterior end of the fin margin does not reach to the mantle margin. According to Adam (1952), the fin length of O. siculus attains 90% and width 115% of DML, respectively. Compared with that data, the present specimen has smaller fins. (maybe due to shrinkage by fixation?) Left Arms I and III are mutilated at about the middle of the length, and near the base, respectively. Only the left Arm I bears a regenerated filamentous appendage at the truncated tip. Neither an aboral keel nor protective membrane are developed. All arms (except mutilated arms) are equipped with a zigzag row of hooded hooks over almost the entire length of the oral surface, and large hooks bear a pair of small spikes on the proximal margin. The extreme tips of all arms end in a black, slender fusiform photophore. Nesis (1987) emphasized that O. siculus has photogenic organs on the bases of the Arms III and IV, but they are not apparent in the present specimen. The specimen was reported to be found floating dead in midwater, therefore, the depth cited above does not indicate the exact depth of habitat but rather that to which it had sunken. Measurements: DML 178 mm, mantle width at aperture 47 mm, fin length 127 mm, fin width 120 mm, head length 55 mm, head width 47 mm, right Arm I length 55+ mm, right Arm II length 147 mm, right Arm III length 155 mm, right Arm IV length 123 mm. [Histioteuthidae] Material examined: JAMSTEC (HD107SS1c). DML 80 mm, Hyper-Dolphin Dive 107 (May 3, 2002), N, E, 439 m, off Sanriku Coast (D. Lindsay), 3.1 C, PSU, DO 2.2 ml/l. Remarks: This is a cosmopolitan species growing up to 20 cm DML and has long been universally called H. dofleini. The present specimen was captured in the Japan Trench. It is considered that a large stock of this species exists in the sea off northeastern Honshu, as it is quite frequent and abundant in the diet of sperm whales (e.g. Okutani et al., 1976). [Chtenopterygiidae] (Fig. 1I) Material examined: JAMSTEC unregistered (HD521SS5). DML 18.6 mm, Hyper-Dolphin Dive 521 (March 4, 2006), N, E, 489 m, off Kamogawa, Boso Peninsula (D. Lindsay), 6.3, PSU, DO 1.8 ml/l. Remarks: This species was collected near a swarm of Watasenia scintillans (D. Lindsay, personal observation). The first observation on swimming behavior of this specimen in situ has already been well documented (Okutani et al., 2007). [Chiroteuthidae] (Fig. 1H) Material examined: JAMSTEC (2K1139GS1). DML 62.5 mm, Shinkai-2000 Dive 1139 (October 3, 1999), N, E, 1447 m, Sagami Trough (J.C. Hunt). Remarks: The present specimen is a young stage, in which the neck is still elongated as characteristic of a Doratopsisparalarva. The tentacle club of this specimen has neither sucker-less portion nor lunate flaps, thus this specimen is identifiable to be C. picteti ( = C. imperator) although light organs on tentacle stem and Arm IV are still immature. [Cranchiidae] (Fig. 2D) Material examined: JAMSTEC (2K950SS4). DML 146 mm, Shinaki-2000 Dive 950 (June 9, 1997), N, E, 943 m, Suiyo Seamount (D. Lindsay), 4.2 C, PSU, DO 1.4 ml/l. Remarks: A brief observation on the living specimen in an onboard aquarium immediately after it had been captured was made by the junior author (DL): "The mantle of this animal was damaged with a hole in it from which one the gills sometimes was drawn out into the surrounding water when the mantle contracted. The edges of the hole had soon healed and 26 JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 23 _ 32

29 T. Okutani and D. Lindsay were slightly whitish. In the aquarium the specimen readily ate small fish that were fed to it by tying the fish to a piece of wire and prodding the beak or proximal portion of the arms. While latched on the animal was forcibly rotated and the large photophores below the eye continued to point downwards regardless of the angle of the squid' s body. During such rotation the eyes reached their limit of rotatability and they rapidly rotated 360 in the opposite direction until they again pointed downwards. " [Cranchiidae] (Fig. 2B) Material examined: JAMSTEC DML 176 mm, Shinkai 2000 Dive 1217 (September 14, 2000), N, E, 326 m, Southwest off Kushiro, Hokkaido (T. Hamatsu). JAMSTEC (HD101SS1c). DML 142 mm, Hyper- Dolphin Dive 101 (April 26, 2002), N E, 1118 m, the Japan Trench (D. Lindsay), 2.9 C, PSU, DO 0.6 ml/l. Remarks: The underwater observation of the second specimen in situ has already been reported elsewhere (Okutani & Lindsay, 2005). The identification of the present specimen is yet inconclusive. Particularly, the configuration of photogenic tissues on the eyeball may not be identical to that of North Atlantic T. megalops. [Cranchiidae] (Fig. 2C) Material examined: JAMSTEC (6K468SS4). DML 116 mm, Shinkai 6500 Dive 468 (November 16, 1998), N, E, 886 m, southwest Indian Ocean (D. Lindsay), 7.2 C, PSU, DO 4.7 ml/l. Remarks: This is a very slender animal, DML is 11 times longer than wide (10.1 mm). N. Voss (1980) synonimised Belonella Lane, 1957, which was a substitute name for Toxeuma Chun, 1906, with Taonius Steenstrup, However, Nesis (1972, 1982) considered that true Taonius contains a single species, T. pavo (Lesueur, 1821), and T. pavo auct., non Lesueur comprised two species of Belonella, namely, B. belone (Chun, 1906) in the tropical Indo-Pacific and Atlantic, and B. borealis Nesis, 1972 in boreal Pacific Ocean and its marginal seas. Nesis (1974) recognized one more species from the Antarctic, but never named it. [Vampyroteuthidae] Material examined: JAMSTEC unregistered (HD83SS1). TL 60 mm, Hyper-Dolphin Dive 83 (March 9, 2002), N, E, 884 m, Sumisu (Smith) Caldera, Izu-Ogasawara Islands (D. Lindsay), 4.7 C, PSU, DO 1.45 ml/l. Remarks: The photograph in living state of this specimen in the aquarium was taken by the second author (DL) (see Okutani 2008, fig ). The body color in the living animal is brownish, and the eyes are blue under the lights of the ROV. But, the body is velvety black and eyes are red the in preserved animal as was illustrated by Chun (1915). Bioluminescence was observed in both the posterior photophores and the arm tips. Besides this specimen, two images (without voucher specimens) have been taken by JAMSTEC submersibles: Kaiko Dive 113 (April 20, 1999) N, E, 976 m, and Hyper-Dolphin Dive 99 (April 23, 2004) N, E, 1158 m (Bower et al., 2006). [Amphitretidae] (Fig. 2E) Material examined: JAMSTEC (HD80GS1b). TL. approx. 13 cm, Hyper-Dolphin Dive 80 (March 5, 2002), N, E, 817 m, Nankai Trough (D. Lindsay). Remarks: The living state of this specimen was photographed by the junior author (DL) in an aquarium on board the support vessel (Okutani, 2008, fig ). It turned orange in body color when agitated. [Octopodidae] (Fig. 2G) Material examined: JAMSTEC unregistered. TL approx.15 cm, Shinkai-2000 Dive 418 (July 7, 1989), N, E, 1538 m, Izena Hole, Okinawa (M. Kimura). Remarks: The living state of this specimen was photographed by M. Kimura and shown in Okutani (2008, fig ) [Octopodidae] (Fig. 2F) Material examined: JAMSTEC TL 30 cm, Shinkai Dive 418 (June 14, 2005), N, E, 2049 m, Nankai Trough (T. Okutani). Remarks: The fresh state of this specimen ( ) was photographed by Y. Fujiwara and shown in Okutani (2008, fig ) JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 23 _ 32 27

30 Cephalopod Catalogue in JAMSTEC Collection The crewed submersibles (Shinkai-2000 and Shinkai- 6500) and ROVs of JAMSTEC frequently encounter cephalopods during dives either above the ocean floor or in the midwater layers. However, such fast-moving animals, particularly nektonic squids, or large specimens have hardly ever been captured successfully. The large cephalopods, such as Gonatopsis seen in Sagami Bay (Miyake et al., 2005), Magnapinna (Vecchione et al., 2001), and several cirrate octopods (e.g. Okutani & Fujioka, 2005) were photographed or videotaped, but they were all uncatchable objects because of their size. Common species, such as Todarodes pacificus, are frequently encountered during various dives, particularly along the Sanriku Coast, but they are seldom photographed or captured because of the swift movement of the animals. Images of thirty species of cephalopods appeared in Okutani (2008), voucher specimens of only 19 species were preserved in the JAMSTEC collection and presented here. On the contrary, no living images of seven of the species treated in this catalogue are available. 28 JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 23 _ 32

31 T. Okutani and D. Lindsay Fig. 1. Sepioida and Teuthida (Scale 20 mm; 2K = Shinkai 2000; HD = ROV Hyper-Dolphin) A. Sepiola birostrata (2K #1212: Japan Sea) B. Heteroteuthis hawaiiensis (HD #188: Kaikata Seamount) (After Okutani & Tsuchida, 2005) C. Watasenia scintillans (2K #1334: Sagami Bay) D. Gonatus pyros (2K #1217: Off Hokkaido) E. Gonatopsis octopedatus (2K #1207: Japan Sea) F. Onykia loennbergi (HD #521: Off Boso Peninsula) (After Okutani, 2008) G. Onychoteuthis lacrima (2K #1201: Sagami Bay) H. Chiroteuthis picteti (2K #1139: Sagami Bay) I. Chtenopteryx siculus (HD #521: Off Boso Peninsula) (After Okutani et al., 2007) JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 23 _ 32 29

32 Cephalopod Catalogue in JAMSTEC Collection Fig. 2. Teuthida and Octopoda (Scale 20 mm; 2K = Shinkai 2000; 6K = Shinkai 6500; HD = ROV Hyper - Dolphin) A. Octopoteuthis cf. sicula (2K #1023: Off Amami-Oshima Island) B. Teuthowenia aff. megalops (2K #1217: Off Hokkaido). C. Belonella belone (6K #468: SW Indian Ocean). D. Liocranchia reinhardti (2K #950: Suiyo Seamount) E. Amphitretus pelagicus (HD #80: Nankai Trough) F. Benthoctopus sp. (6K #418: Nankai Trough) G. Benthoctopus sp. (2K #418: Izena Hole, Okinawa) 30 JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 23 _ 32

33 T. Okutani and D. Lindsay We are indebted to Dr. James C. Hunt, Dr. Hiroshi Miyake and the other past and present colleagues of JAMSTEC for their efforts in collecting mid-water and bottom-living cephalopods. Their successes were all supported by the skills and cooperation of the operations teams of Shinkai-2000 and Shinkai-6500, and ROVs, and crew of the supporting vessels, R/Vs Natsushima, Yokosuka and Kaiyo of JAMSTEC. Adam, W. (1952), Céphalopodes. Résultats Scientifiques: Expédition Océanographique Belge dans les Eaux Côtières Africaines de l Atlantique Sud ( ), 3, 1-142, 3 pls. Akimushkin, I.I. (1963), Cephalopod Mollusks of the Sea of Soviet Russia, Institut Okeanologii, Akademia Nauk SSSR, 236 pp., Moskow & Leningrad. Bower, J.R., T. Kubodera, D.L. Lindsay, N. Shige, S. Shimura, F. Sano, N. Horii, T. Kamiya, and M. Tateyama (2006), A note on the occurrence of the vampire squid Vampyroteuthis infernalis Chun off the Pacific coast of Japan, including the first capture off Hokkaido, Fisheries Science, 72, Bolstad, K. S. (2008), Two new species and a review of the squid genus Onychoteuthis Lichtenstein, 1818 (Oegopsida: Onychoteuthidae) from the Pacific Ocean, Bulletin of Marine Science, 83, Chun, C. (1915), Die Cephalopoden, II: Myopsida, Octopoda, Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer Valdivia , 18, Fujikura, K., T. Okutani and T. Maruyama (eds.) (2008), Deep-sea Life Biological Observations Using Research Submersibles, 487 pp. Tokai University Press, Kanagawa Prefecture. Miyake, H., T. Kubodera, and T. Okutani, T. (2005), Cephalopods observed from submersibles and ROVs - II.A gigantic squid in Sagami Bay, Chiribotan (Newsletter of Malacological Society of Japan), 36, Nesis, K.N. (1972), A review of the squid genera Taonius and Belonella (Oegopsida, Cranchiidae), Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 51, Nesis, K.N. (1973), Taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution of squids of the family Gonatidae (Cephalopoda), Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 52, Nesis, K.N. (1974), Oceanic cephalopods of the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Akademia Nauk SSSR,Trudy Institut Okeanologii, 98, Nesis, K.N. (1987), Cephalopods of the World; Squids, Cuttlefishes, Octopuses and Allies, 351 pp., TFH Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. Okiyama, M. (1970), A record of the eight-armed squid, Gonatopsis octopedatus Sasaki, from the Japan Sea (Cephalopoda, Oegopsida, Gonatidae), Bulletin of the Japan Sea Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, 22, Okutani, T. (2005), Cuttlefishes and Squids of the World. 253 pp. National Cooperative Association of Squid Processors, Tokyo. Okutani, T. (2008), Mollusca pp (excl. p. 330). In: Fujikura, K., T. Okutani, and T. Maruyama, (eds.) Deep-sea Life Biological Observations Using Research Submersibles, 487 pp. Tokai University Press, Kanagawa Prefecture. Okutani, T. and K. Fujioka (2005), Cephalopods observed from submersibles and ROVs - III. Grimpoteuthis in the Marianas - Dumbo of the deep-sea, Chiribotan (Newsletter of Malacological Society of Japan), 36, Okutani, T. and D.J. Lindsay, D. (2005), Cephalopods observed from submersibles and ROVs - I. Strange posture of strange squid. Chiribotan (Newsletter of Malacological Society of Japan), 36, 1-5. Okutani, T. and S. Tsuchida (2005), Occurrence and living habit of bathyal bobtail squid, Heteroteuthis hawaiiensis (Cephalopoda: Sepioliidae) from off the Ogasawara Islands, Japan, Venus 63, Okutani, T. T. Kubodera, and K. Jefferts (1988), Diversity, distribution and ecology of gonatid squids in the subarctic Pacific: A review, Bulletin of the Ocean Research Institution, University of Tokyo, 26, Okutani, T.,D.J. Lindsay, and T. Kubodera, (2007), Cephalopods observed from submersibles and ROVs - IV. The first in situ observation of Chtenopteryx siculus, Chiribotan (Newsletter of Malacological Society of Japan), 38, Okutani, T., Y. Satake, S. Ohsumi, and T. Kawakami (1976), Squids eaten by sperm whales caught off Joban JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 23 _ 32 31

34 Cephalopod Catalogue in JAMSTEC Collection District, Japan, during January-February, 1976, Bulletin of Tokai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, 87, Sasaki, M. (1920), Report of cephalopods collected during 1906 by the United States Bureau of Fisheries Steamer "Albatross" in the northwestern Pacific, Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 57, , pls Sasaki, M. (1929), A monograph of the dibranchiate cephalopods of the Japanese and adjacent waters, Journal of Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido Imperial University, 20 (Supplement), 1-357, 1-30 pls. Takayama, K. and T. Okutani (1992), Identity of Sepiola parva Sasaki, 1913 and S. birostrata Sasaki, 1918 in the Northwest Pacific (Cephalopoda: Sepiolidae), Venus (Japanese Journal of Malacology), 51, Vecchione, M., R.E. Young, A. Guerra, D.J. Lindsay, D.A. Clague, J.M. Bernhard, W.W. Sager, A.F. Gonzalez, F.J. Rocha, and M. Segonzac, (2001), Worldwide observations of remarkable deep-sea squids, Science, Dec 21: Voss, N.A. (1980), A generic revision of the Cranchiidae (Cephalopoda; Oegopsida). Bulletin of Marine Science, 30, Young, R.E. (1972), The systematics and areal distribution of pelagic cephalopods from the sea off southern California, Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 97, JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 23 _ 32

35 JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 33 _ 39 1* [email protected] 33

36 Sampler Bias in Meiofaunal Study around Hydrothermal Vents Tomo Kitahashi 1*, Motohiro Shimanaga 2, Koji Inoue 3, and Hiromi Watanabe 4 Two types of handcorers with different internal diameters (MBARI type corer [MC] ; 7cm, KITAZATO type corer [KC] ; 8cm) were evaluated for their sampling efficiency and sampler bias on meiofauna, based on the samples collected with these corers during dives #820 ~ 822 of ROV "Hyper Dolphin" at Myojin Knoll, which is about 150km south-southwest of Hachijo Island. It was suggested that the sampling efficiency became worse when overlying water above sediment is leaked from the core samples, regardless of corer type. Meiofauna in the sediments collected with KC showed the "general" vertical distribution pattern; meiofauna were concentrated in the surface layer of the sediments. On the other hand, in the sediments collected with MC, the vertical profiles of meiofauna were rather "uniform". Furthermore, the community compositions at higher taxonomic level were different from those in the sediments collected with KC. These differences between the corers would be attributed to the differences in core diameter and the degree of disturbance to the edge and surface of the sediment samples. Handcorer-sampling with ROVs or submersibles is essential to the studies on meiofauna around hydrothermal vents. These results of this study, however, suggest that comparing meiofaunal data based on samples collected with different types of handcorers should be done carefully. Keywords: hydrothermal vent, sampler bias, meiofauna, sampling efficiency, vertical distribution Received 21 October 2009 ; Accepted 25 December Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University 2 Center for Marine Environment Studies, Kumamoto University 3 Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo 4 Institute of Biogeosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology *Corresponding author: Tomo Kitahashi Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University 6061 Aitsu, Matsushima, Kami-Amakusa, Kumamoto , Japan Tel [email protected] Copyright by Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology 34 JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 33 _ 39

37 T. Kitahashi et al., Fig. 1. Sampling points at Myojin Knoll 1. Fig. 2. (a) MBARI type corer (MC) and (b) KITAZATO type corer (KC) Scale bar indicates 30cm. 2. JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 33 _ 39 35

38 Sampler Bias in Meiofaunal Study around Hydrothermal Vents M03 M01~M04 0-5cm Table 2 Fig. 3 M ind./10cm 2 100ind./10cm 2 Table 2 M03 Nematoda Fig. 3 A M01 MC M02 KC M01 M02 Table 2 M M M01 0-1cm 35% M02 0-1cm 57% Fig. 3 B M03 MC M04 KC M M M03 0-1cm 20% M04 0-1cm 55% 3-5cm Fig. 3 Table 2. Meiofauna density (ind./cm 2 ) at Myojin Knoll Others include nauplius, polychaetes, etc. 2. Site A Site B Nematoda Copepoda Others Total ind./10cm 2 ind./10cm 3 ind./10cm 2 ind./10cm 2 M01 (MC) M02 (KC) M03 (MC) M04 (KC) Table 1. Sampling sites at Myojin Knoll and the sediment samples 1. Non-hydrothermal area in caldera Non-hydrothermal area on caldera edge Hydrothermal vent field in caldera date latitude longitude water depth (m) sample name corer type description of collected sediment 'N E 870 Dive#820-M01 MC rock (overlying water) KC ababdoned for sampling 13 Apr 'N E 859 Dive#820-M02 MC rock and 4cm sediment (overlying water) Dive#820-M03 KC rock and 4cm sediment (no overlying water) N E 860 Dive#820-M04 MC only overlying water KC failed to collect N E 1391 Dive#821-M01 MC 10cm sediment (no overlying water) Dive#821-M02 KC 6cm sediment (no overlying water) 23 Apr N E 1395 Dive#821-M03 MC 1cm sediment (overlyong water) Dive#821-M04 KC 1cm sediment (no overlying water) N E 1393 Dive#821-M05 MC failed to divide the sediment Dive#821-M06 KC 10cm sediment (overlying water) N E 1305 Dive#822-M01 MC 10cm sediment (no overlying water) Dive#822-M02 KC 10cm sediment (overlying water) 14 Apr N E 1253 Dive#822-M03 MC 10cm sediment (overlying water) Dive#822-M04 KC 10cm sediment (overlying water) N E 1224 Dive#822-M05 MC 10cm sediment (overlying water) Dive#822-M06 KC 3cm sediment (overlying water) 36 JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 33 _ 39

39 T. Kitahashi et al., 2 B 2 A M01 M02 Table 2 A 2 MC KC Shirayama, 1984 A B KC M02 M04 0-1cm Fig. 3 MC M01 M03 KC Fig. 3 MC Sediment depth (cm) Site A Site B Density (ind./10ml) M01 (MC) M02 (KC) B MC KC Table 2 MC 2, Fig. 4 MC KC MC MC MC MC MC 2 0-1cm Fig. 3 7cm 8cm M03 (MC) 3-5 M04 (KC) MC KC Nematoda Copepoda Others Fig. 3. Vertical distribution of meiofauna in sediments Vertical axes indicate the depth from surface of sediment and horizontal axes indicate Nematoda, Copepoda or other meiofauna density. 3. Fig. 4. Hypothetical disturbance of sediments by MBARI type (MC) and KITAZATO type (KC) corers Gray zones indicate the margin areas disturbed by the inside of corer. The ratio of the margin area to the sampling area of MC is larger than that of KC. 4. JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 33 _ 39 37

40 Sampler Bias in Meiofaunal Study around Hydrothermal Vents bow wave 2 bow wave Blomqvist, 1991 MC KC bow wave MC bow wave Shirayama & Fukushima 1995 bow wave bow wave bow wave Thistle & Eckman, 1990 MC bow wave bow wave MC A KC MC B MC Table 2 2 cm 2 2 MC KC B Table 2 Shirayama, 1984 Sommer & Pfannkuche, 2000 Neira et al., 2001 Danovaro et al., 1995 Shirayama, KC MC MC Giere, MBARI [MC] 7cm [KC] 8cm 38 JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 33 _ 39

41 T. Kitahashi et al., KC MC MC 2 KC KC Bett, B.J., Vanreusel, A., Vincx, M., Soltwedel, T., Phannkuche, O., Lambshead, P.J.D., Gooday, A.J., Ferrero, T., Dinet, A. (1994), Sampler bias in the quantitative study of deep-sea meiobenthos, Marine Ecology Progress Series, 104, Blomqvist, S., Quantitative sampling of soft-bottom sediments: problems and solutions, Marine Ecology Progress Series, 72, Danovaro, R., Fabiano, M., Albertelli, G., Croce, N.D. (1995), Vertical distribution of meiobenthos in bathyal sediments of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea: relationship with labile organic matter and bacterial biomasses, Marine Ecology, 16, Gage, J.D., Tyler, P.A. (1991), Deep-sea biology: A natural history of organism at the deep-sea floor, Cambridge University Press. Giere, O. (2008), Meiobenthology: The microscopic motile fauna of aquatic sediments (second edition), Springer. Grassle, J.F. (1986), The ecology of deep-sea hydrothermal vent communities, Advanced Marine Biology, 23, , 1. II.,,, Neira, C., Sellanes, J., Levin, L.A., Arntz, W.E. (2001), Meiofaunal distributions on the Peru margin: relationship to oxygen and organic matter availability, Deep-Sea Reserch I, 48, Shirayama, Y. (1984), Vertical distribution of meiobenthos in the sediment profile in bathyal, abyssal, hadal deep sea systems of the Western Pacific, Oceanologica Acta, 7, ,, JAMSTECR Deep-Sea Research, No.1987, Shirayama, Y., Fukushima, T. (1995), Comparisons of deep-sea sediments and overlying water collected using multiple corer and box corer, Journal of Oceanography, 51, Sommer, S., Pfannkuche, O. (2000), Metazoan meiofauna of the deep Arabian Sea: standing stocks, size spectra and regional variability in relation to monsson induced enhanced sedimentation regimes of particulate organic matter, Deep-Sea Research II, 47, Thistle, D., Eckman, J.E. (1990), What is sex ratio of harpacticoid copepods in the deep sea?, Marine Ecology, 107, JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 33 _ 39 39

42 JAMSTEC Report of Research and Development (JAMSTEC-R) JAMSTEC Report of Research and Development Original paper 3.2. Report 3.3. Reviews 5.1. JAMSTEC Report of Research and Development PDF JAMSTEC Report of Research and Development (JAMSTEC-R) Corresponding author 5 40

43 (Corresponding author) Taro Kaiyo 1 and Hanako Todai 2 1 Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2 Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo A SI (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) (4) H 2 O Al 2 O 3 m Fig. Table cm cm 21cm 17cm et al. Sakai and Nagasawa (1958) (1965) Ringwood, ; Kitano et al., ABC DOI DOI Garcia-Lafuente, J., J. DelRio, E. Alvarez Fanjul, and J. Delgado (2004), Some aspects of the seasonal sea level variation a around Spain, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C09008, doi: /2003jc

44 Ishii. M., M. Kimoto, and M. Kachi (2006), Steric sea level changes estimated from historical ocean subsurface temperature and salinityanalysis, J. Oceanogr., 62, No.24, 11pp. Klees, R., E. A. Zapreeva, H. C. Winsemius, and H. H. G. Savenije (2007), The biaa ib the GRACE estimates of continental water storage variations, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 11, < ( ) a, b, 1992a 1992b PDF 1 1 [email protected] PDF

45 JAMSTEC Report of Research and Development Volume JAMSTEC-R TEL: FAX: JAMSTEC Report of Research and Development Volume 10 March 2010 Published by Library Division, Advanced Research and Technology Promotion Department, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Editor JAMSTEC-R Editorial Committee Mizuho Ishida (chief editor), Jun Inoue, Ryo Onishi, Chiaki Kato, Saburo Sakai, Kenichi Sasaki, Daisuke Suetsugu, Narumi Takahashi, Hirofumi Tomita, Kozo Nakamura, Takaki Hatayama, Masami Matsuura, Eigo Miyazaki, Takashi Miyazaki, Weiren Lin Secretariat Yasushi Taya, Sumiko Nagata, Noriko Takai Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) , Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, , Japan TEL: FAX:

46 ISSN JAMSTEC Report of Research and Development Volume 10 March 2010 Published by Library Division Advanced Research and Technology Promotion Department Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) , Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, , Japan TEL: FAX: March 2010 Volume 10 Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) JAMSTEC Report of Research and Development Volume 10 JAMSTEC Report of Research and Development Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology JAMSTEC