EC・GMO事件

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1 EC GMO (WT/DS291,292,293/R, ) EC GMO EC GMO (biotech products) DNA GMO GM GM GM GMO 1 EC GMO EC 2001/18 EC 90/22 GMO EC 258/97 1 GMO genetically modified organism ()

2 EC EC GMO GMO EC GMO EC GMO GMO EC GMO ( ) WTO GMO EC GMO EC GMO EC WTO EC GMO GMO GMO 90 GMO GMO EC EC EC 60 GMO EC EC EC EC GMO EC GMO GMO EC EC 258/97 GMO GMO 242

3 GMO EC EC EC EC EC EC GMO EC EC EC EC GMO ( ) GMO SPS a 23.1b 4.2 TBT DSU9.2 2 ( ) 243

4 DSU13 DSU6.2 WTO TBT SPS WTO WTO EC WTO SPS TBT WTO 31 EC ( ) (3)(c) WTO 7.68 EC 31 (3)(c) EC WTO EC EC WTO EC 244

5 WTO EC GMO GMO SPS A(1)a(b)(c)d SPS ( 7.432) EC GMO EC GMO SPS A(1) ( ) EC GMO SPS 5.1 A(1) SPS EC SPS SPS C(1)(a) GMO GMO EC GMO SPS SPS SPS EC SPS A1 EC GMO SPS SPS A1 SPS a~(d) SPS SPS laws, decrees, regulations requirements and procedures end product criteria processes and production methods testing, inspection, certification and approval 245

6 procedures quarantine treatments including relevant requirements associated with the transport of animals or plants, or with the materials necessary for their survival during transport provisions on relevant statistical methods, sampling procedures and methods of risk assessment packaging and labeling requirements directly related to food safety SPS (form) (nature) laws, decrees, regulation SPS EC EC A1 (laws) SPS requirements and procedures procedures testing, inspecting, certification and approval procedures EC GMO GMO EC EC EC SPS EC SPS A SPS 3 4 SPS C1a EC SPS C1() 3 4 SPS C 246

7 a GMO GMO 1998 GMO EC C a GMO GMO GMO GMO GMO GMO GMO GMO GMO GMO 1998 GMO 1998 GMO GMO GMO

8 C1 a EC GMO 3 4 GMO GMO GMO GMO GMO GMO GMO EC GMO GMO EC GMO GMO GMO GMO GMO GMO GMO GMO ( ) EC 3 4 requirement 248

9 EC EC SPS EC GMO EC EC EC SPS A SPS SPS A(1) SPS A(1) 1.1 SPS EC SPS 5.7 SPS SPS 5.7 SPS SPS

10 EC EC 3 SPS EC 4 SPS EC EC SPS SPS (except as provided for in paragraph 7 of Article 5) 5.7 SPS SPS SPS EC SPS EC-Conditions for the Granting of Tariff Preferences to Developing Countries, Report of the Appellate Body, 7 April 2004, WT/DS246/AB/R 4 EC-Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products, Report of the Appellate Body, 13 February 1998, WT/DS26/AB/R 250

11 EC 5 EC 6 SPS 2.2 SPS SPS SPS EC SPS A(4) A(4) SPS SPS EC GMO GMO 5 EC-Trade Description of Sardines, Report of the Appellate Body, 26 September 2002, WT/DS231/AB/R 6 251

12 A(4) EC EC (3)(c) 2.1 WTO EC WTO WTO WTO GMO 252

13 SPS SPS 3.2 SPS SPS 1994 (presumed to be consistent) A.3 (a)~(c) d (a)~(c) SPS (identify) SPS SPS 3.2 SPS 3.2 SPS 1994 SPS SPS WTO DSU WTO WTO WTO SPS 31 (c) EC GMO SPS 7 WTO 253

14 EC GMO SPS SPS SPS C.1a SPS 8 EC GMO GMO EC SPS EC GMO EC GMO GMO GMO SPS 9 EC GMO SPS SPS EC SPS A(1) SPS A(1)SPS (laws, decrees, regulations, requirements and procedures) SPS SPS SPS SPS 10 8 Oren Perez Anomalies at the Precautionary Kingdom: Reflections on the GMO Panel s Decision, The International Law Forum of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem Law Faculty (Research Paper No , October 2006 ( 90 7) 9 World Trade Law net, European Communities-Measures Affecting the Approval and Marketing of Biotech Products (WT/DS /K), updated 30 October

15 SPS EC EC general moratorium SPS EC SPS GMO 3.4 SPS C.1a EC GMO GMO SPS C.1a 3.4 SPS GMO GMO GMO GOM EC GMO GMO GMO GMO

16 GMO GMO GMO GMO 1 EC/ 13 GMO GMO GMO GMO GMO GMO Japan-Taxes on Alcoholic Beverages, Report of the Appellate Body, 4 October 1996, WT/DS8/AB/R; WT/DS10/AB/R; WT/DS11/AB/R; Korea Measures Affecting Imports of Fresh, Chilled and Frozen Beef, Report of the Appellate Body, 11 December 2000, WT/DS161/AB/R; WT/DS 1691/AB/R 12 Japan-Taxes on Alcoholic Beverages, 13 EC-Measures Affecting Asbestos and Asbestos Containing Products, Report of the Appellate Body, 12 May 2001, WT/DS/AB/R

17 GMO GMO GMO GMO SPS EC GMO SPS SPS 5.1 SPS 5.7 SPS SPS EC SPS SPS EC 15 EC 16 SPS SPS

18 SPS SPS EC SPS A X B A B B B A A X A X B SPS TBT WTO 17 ATC EC 18 SPS EC TBT TBT EC 1 (Notwithstanding the provisions of Article I of the General Agreement) 1 17 U.S.-Measures Affecting Import of Woven Wool Shirts and Blouses from India, Report of the Appellate Body, 25 April 1997, WT/DS33/AB/R

19 19 SCM a 3.1 (a) 20 (General Exceptions) WTO 20 A B A B 20 1 SPS TBT 21 TBT SPS Brazil-Export Financing Programme for Aircraft, Report of the Appellate Body, 20 August 1999, WT/DS46/AB/R 20 WTO Michielle T. Grando, Allocating the Burden of Proof in the WTO Disputes-A Critical Analysis, Journal of International Economic Law, Vol. 9, No. 3, September 2006, pp Grando Tomer Broude, Genetically Modified Rules: The Awkward Rule-Exception-Right Distinction in EC-Biotech Faculty of Law and Department of International Relations, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Research paper No , December 2006 ( Grando 259

20 SPS 5.7 TBT SPS TBT SPS TBT 3.3 TBT 2.4 SPS TBT WTO TBT SPS 22 TBT SPS SPS 20 SPS 20 SPS ( ) 23 Broude GMO 260

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