Exercise for undergraduate students

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1 UNIX 1.5 W /04/14 Unix OS CUI Unix 2008.

2 /etc/profile /.bash_profile /.bashrc bashrc aliases xsession emacs bashrc aliases xsession emacs

3 1, 1.1 Table 1 cd change directory pwd print working directory ls list cp copy mkdir make directory mv move / rm remove rmdir remove directory ls -R man ls ls -la man < > firefox & Google TA TA 89 drwxr-xr-x 12 wakabayashi student :44./ drwxr-xr-x 172 root root :44../ -rw-r--r-- 1 wakabayashi ta :53.Xresources -rw-r--r-- 1 wakabayashi ta :53.aliases -rw wakabayashi ta :48.bash_history -rw-r--r-- 1 wakabayashi ta :53.bash_profile -rw-r--r-- 1 wakabayashi ta :53.bashrc -rw-r--r-- 1 wakabayashi ta :53.emacs drwxr-xr-x 2 wakabayashi ta :07.fontconfig/ drwx wakabayashi ta :11.gconfd/ drwx wakabayashi ta :39.ssh/ -rw-r--r-- 1 wakabayashi ta :53.wl 1

4 -rwxr-xr-x 1 wakabayashi ta :53.xsession drwxrwxrwx 3 wakabayashi ta :41 TA2007/ drwxrwxrwx 3 wakabayashi ta :45 TA2008/ ( ) ls -l sl man sl cal -jy du du -sh man du du -sh * /home2/wakabayashi/ta2010/ exercise TA 1.3 UNIX head tail students.txt cd exercise cat -n students.txt 1 s Aoki Hiroka.. less cat -n students.txt less 2

5 head tail cat head tail Table 2 man Table 2 cat cat <file> head head -n lines <file> tail tail -n lines <file> 10 head -n 10 students.txt 10 tail -n 20 students.txt 20 head -n 10 students.txt 1 s Aoki Hiroka.. 10 s Kaneko Takahumi students.txt 10 tail -n 1 head -n 10 students.txt /exercise$ head -n 10 students.txt tail -n 1 s Kaneko Takahumi /exercise$ cat students.txt head -n 10 tail -n 1 KISS (Keep It Simple and Smart) UNIX cat students.txt cut -f 1,3 -d " " " " cut d f cut 3

6 students.txt exercise.txt exercise2.txt > >> Emacs Bash ls head tail UNIX Windows Mac OS X ls UNIX UNIX Fig 1 /bin find /bin -name ls $ find /bin -name ls /bin/ls /bin ls head /bin find /bin -name head whereis head 4

7 Fig 1 UNIX $ whereis head head: /usr/bin/head head /usr/bin Fig 1 /usr man whereis whereis man 2.2 ls /bin head /usr/bin /bin/ls -l $ /bin/ls -l drwxrwxrwx 3 wakabayashi ta :41 TA2010 5

8 ls Windows Mac OS X /etc/profile lv /etc/profile TA bin lv less / <search term> / bin PATH =... if [ " id -u " -eq 0 ]; then PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" else PATH="/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/games" fi export PATH export bash PATH : /usr/local/bin/ls /bin/ls ls /usr/local/bin/ls PATH CUI ls head PATH PATH /bin /usr/bin ls head ~/exercise line.sh.sh cat < > < > $./exercise/line.sh 10 ~/exercise/students.txt 6

9 $ line.sh 10 ~/exercise/students.txt $ PATH=$PATH:~/exercise $ line.sh 10 ~/exercise/students.txt ~/exercise ~/exercise line.sh 2.3 env (environment ) MANPATH=/usr/local/intel/idb/man:/usr/local/intel/ifc/man: /usr/local/intel/icc/man:/usr/local/intel/icc/man:/usr/local/man: /usr/local/share/man:/usr/share/man INTEL_LICENSE_FILE=/usr/local/intel/icc/licenses:/opt/intel/licenses: /home1/s102600/intel/licenses:/users/shared/library/application Support/Intel/Licenses: /usr/local/intel/ifc/licenses:/opt/intel/licenses:/home1/s102600/intel/licenses: /Users/Shared/Library/Application Support/Intel/Licenses TERM=xterm-color SHELL=/bin/bash SSH_CLIENT= SSH_TTY=/dev/pts/0 USER=s LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/intel/ifc/lib:/usr/local/intel/icc/lib MAIL=/var/mail/s PATH=/usr/local/intel/idb/bin:/usr/local/intel/ifc/bin:/usr/local/intel/icc/bin: /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/games PWD=/home1/s LANG=ja_JP.EUC-JP SHLVL=1 HOME=/home1/s DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/intel/ifc/lib:/usr/local/intel/icc/lib LOGNAME=s SSH_CONNECTION= DISPLAY=localhost:10.0 _=/usr/bin/env 7

10 3 /bin /usr/bin PATH /etc/profile /etc/profile emacs /etc/profile & * * UNIX *2 3.2 /etc/profile bash /etc/profile 3.3 /.bash_profile /etc/profile.bash_profile.bash_profile /etc/profile /etc/profile *1 210 *2 ( ) 210 8

11 3.4 /.bashrc.bashrc.bashrc ( ).bash_profile.bash_profile.bashrc.bash_profile.bashrc PATH.bashrc # PATH etc export PATH=/usr/local/intel/idb/bin:/usr/local/intel/ifc/bin: /usr/local/intel/icc/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/games /etc/.profile.d ~/.bash_login ~/.bash_logout Fig 2 For All Users, Login Shell /etc/profile For You, Login Shell /.bash profile For You, When Shell Starts /.bashrc Fig 2.bash_history lv.bash_history 3.5 /etc/profile lv /etc/profile 1 # /etc/profile: system-wide.profile file for the Bourne shell (sh(1)) 2 # and Bourne compatible shells (bash(1), ksh(1), ash(1),...). 3 4 if [ " id -u " -eq 0 ]; then 5 PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" 6 else 9

12 7 PATH="/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/games" 8 fi 9 10 if [ "$PS1" ]; then 11 if [ "$BASH" ]; then 12 PS1= \u@\h:\w\$ 13 else 14 if [ " id -u " -eq 0 ]; then 15 PS1= # 16 else 17 PS1= $ 18 fi 19 fi 20 fi export PATH umask if id man id PATH 24 umask PS1 22 export export export ( /etc/profile ) ( ) ~/.bash_profile 1 # ---- language-env DON T MODIFY THIS LINE! 2 #.bash_profile 3 if [ -f ~/.bashrc ] 4 then 5 #.bash_profile.bashrc 6 # 7 if [ -z "$BASHRC_DONE" ] 8 then 9. ~/.bashrc 10 fi 11 fi 12 # ---- language-env end DON T MODIFY THIS LINE! 10

13 .bash_profile 3.bashrc (# ) bashrc.bash_profile (.bashrc ).bash_profile source ~/.bashrc.bashrc /etc/profile PATH umask.bash_profile.bashrc Mac.bashrc.bashrc.bashrc cat -n.bashrc lv *3 3 TA BASHRC_DONE.bashrc.bashrc.bash_profile #.bash_profile BASHRC_DONE= PS1 27 aliases 28 if [ -f ~/.aliases ]; then 29. ~/.aliases 30 fi.aliases.aliases *3 11

14 22 /etc/bash_completion *4 3.6.bashrc 11 PS1 11 # man bash 12 if [ "$TERM" = "dumb" -o "$TERM" = "emacs" ]; then 13 PS1= \w\$ 14 else 15 if [ "$UID" = "0" ]; then 16 PS1= \[\e[41m\]\w\$\[\e[m\] 17 else 18 PS1= \[\e[7m\]\w\$\[\e[m\] 19 fi 20 fi PS1 ( ) = > $ PS1= > PS1.bashrc PS1 TERM env UID id 12 -o or PS1 export env source.bashrc set *4 Tab TA 12

15 Table 3 $ PS1= \h $ PS1= \h \u \n \d \t $ PS1= :-) $ PS1= ^^; Table 3 PS1 \h \u \d \t (24 ) \T (12 ) \w ( ) \W \n bashrc 13

16 4.2.aliases.allias.bashrc lv.aliases alias md= mkdir alias rd= rmdir if [ "$TERM" = "dumb" -o "$TERM" = "emacs" ]; then alias ls= ls -F else alias ls= ls -F --color=auto fi alias lf= ls -F alias la= ls -a alias ll= ls -l alias l.= ls -ld.* alias rm= rm -i alias..= cd.. alias ggre= firefox alias grep= grep --color alias a2ps= a2psj alias wl= emacs -nw -f wl alias kterm= kterm -bg gray30 -fg white -cr yellow if [ -x /usr/bin/xdvi-ja ]; then alias xdvi= xdvi-ja fi function xtitle() { /bin/echo -e "\033]0;$*\007\c" } la ll mkdir md.. line 14

17 4.3.xsession Linux CUI Windows Mac OS X UNIX Windows X Window System X ( ) Alt + Control + Fn + 3 X Alt + Control + Fn + 7 startx X X.xsession X Window System X.xsession x X Window System.xsession cat -n.xsession lv 17 application X # Console window Terms and Editors 42 wallpaper 68 Screensaver 79 Window manager X fluxbox Windows Macintosh UI ( ) *5 GUI 210 admin 4.4.emacs Emacs.bashrc.emacs Emacs *5 fluxbox 15

18 X * TEX Fortran.emacs ;.emacs Emacs Lisp Emacs Emacs Lisp Emacs Lisp 5 X Window System.emacs Emacs 5.1.bashrc.bashrc.bashrc source.bashrc 5.2.aliases alias ll= ls -l =.bashrc.allias $ alias ls= ls -R $ alias ls= sl *6 Emacs emacs -nw 16

19 ( ).bashrc alias.bashrc *7 5.3.xsession.xsession X vi X.xsession $ xv -root -quit ~/exercises/images/dance.gif $ xv -root -quit -geometry 1280x1024 ~/exercise/images/nyan_01.jpg.xsession xv UNIX xv & 5.4.emacs Emacs *8 Emacs.emacs ; Emacs (set-foreground-color "white") (set-background-color "dark green") (set-cursor-color "yellow") (set-mouse-color "white") *7 xlock *8 17

20 TEX ;; (for remark of the other paren) (show-paren-mode t) exercise emacsdownload.emacs ;; (setq load-path (cons "~/exercise/emacsdownload" load-path)) (setq wb-line-number-scroll-bar t) (set-scroll-bar-mode nil) (require wb-line-number) (wb-line-number-toggle) 6 UNIX UNIX UNIX Windows OS UNIX Windows UNIX OS (TA ) 18

21 ( ) miki ta ls -l *9 exercise catalogue.txt Mw (2 4 ) (9 ) kadai1.txt /home2/wakabayashi/ta2010/s1026??/ (s1026?? ) cut c awk PATH PATH $ whereis touch head: /bin/touch /usr/bin/touch /usr/share/man/man1/touch.1.gz $ which touch /usr/bin/touch which touch /bin /usr/bin ( man ) /usr/bin kadai2.txt /home2/wakabayashi/ta2010/s1026??/ lpr lpr lpr 210 lpr -Pionia ~/exercise/images/nyan_01.jpg admin210 lpr lpr 210 *

22 lpr lpr (PATH ) lpr kadai3.txt /home2/wakabayashi/ta2010/s1026??/ kadai4.txt /home2/wakabayashi/ta2010/s1026??/ 20

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