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1 A Contrastive Study of English Business Letter Writing by the Japanese, Korean, and American Students 1

2 Rhetoric

3

4 6 Ki (First, begin an argument), Shou (Next, develop the argument), Ten (At the point where the development is finished, turn the idea to a sub-theme where there is a connection but not directly connected association to the overall theme), and Ketsu (Last, bring all of this together to reach a conclusion). Vox Populi, Vox Dei Vox Populi, Vox Dei unity focus coherence Hinds, J. (1983) Contrastive Rhetoric: Japanese and English, Text 3, no. 2, pp Connor, U. (1996), Contrastive Rhetoric, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp Retention of Information Using a Japanese Style of Presentation, Studies in Linguistics 8 (1984): pp

5 ESL English as a Second Language, Kaplan, R. B. (1966), Cultural Thought Patterns in Intercultural Education, Language Learning 16, pp

6 Oriental 11 Contrastive Rhetoric Boiarsky 12 Dear Sir: Your name and address were referred to me by the Illinois Department of Agriculture-Far East Office. They stated that you had expressed an interest in our products and requested further information. I am therefore enclosing a brochure which itemizes our products and services. Please let me know your exact requirements. I will be happy to provide you with further details. Thank you for your participation at the Illinois Slide and Catalog Show. I look forward to your reply. Sincerely, Connor, op. cit., p Ibid., p. 16 and p Wong, I.F.H., Connor, M.D., Murfett, U.M. (2007), Business Communication, Asian Perspectives, Global Focus, 3 rd Ed., Singapore, Prentice Hall, pp Boiarsky, C. (1995). The relationship between cultural and rhetorical conventions: engaging in international communication. Technical Communication Quarterly, 4. pp Li Xiao-ming (1996). Good Writing in Cross-cultural Context. Albany: State 6

7 4 introduction, development, transition, and closure [qi3 cheng2 zhuan3 he2] University of New York Press, cited in Campbell, C.P. (1998). Beyond Language: Cultural Predispositions in Business Correspondence (Paper presented at Region 5 STC Conference, Fort Worth, Texas, 20 February 1998) retrieved on February 18, Hinds, J. (1987). Reader versus Writer Responsibility: A New Typology1,Chapter 8, Writing Across Languages: Analysis of L2 Text, MA, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, pp. 7

8 International Business BBC 2 3 BBC BBC Nippon Audio Nippon Audio BBC 15 R.E

9 5 1 BBC Gupta Gupta 6 BBC TOEIC 9

10 % % 4.7% % 18.6% % 12.4% % 18.6% % 18.6% % 54.3% 14.7% % 22.9% 6.2% % 14.3% 3.9% % 8.6% 2.3% % 100.0% 100.0% % % 2.4% % 36.6% 35.7% % 22.0% 21.4% % 24.4% 23.8% % 17.0% 16.7% % 100.0% 100.0% TOEIC % TOEIC 10

11 904 52, TOEIC Jeremiah J. Sullivan 1 3 TOEIC TOEIC NDR not directly related % TOEIC Newsletter 2007, 5 11

12 2 12

13 BBC BBC BBC 5 BBC BBC 4 BBC 3 3 please put some thought into it URL 13

14 4 TOEIC 945 TOEIC 14

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