ULTRASONOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF RESIDUAL URINE IN PATIENTS WITH NEUROGENIC BLADDER DYSFUNCTION Hiromitsu Noto, Tadashi Harada, Osamu Nishizawa, Norihis
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1 ULTRASONOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF RESIDUAL URINE IN PATIENTS WITH NEUROGENIC BLADDER DYSFUNCTION Hiromitsu Noto, Tadashi Harada, Osamu Nishizawa, Norihisa Kizu Ryuji Hongoh and Seigi Tsuchida Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine (Director: Prof. S. Tsuchida) The assessment of residual urine is an important part of examination of patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction. The most definitive method to evaluate residual urine volume is catheterization, but it is not only uncomfortable for patients but also carries risks of urinary infection and urethral trauma. Ultrasonic estimations of the amount of residual urine were carried out in 165 patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction. At first, in 60 patients, the actual residual urine volume was plotted against the following ultrasonic parameters: (1) the greatest antero-posterior, supero-inferior and transverse diameters; (2) the maximum areas of transverse and longitudinal sections; and (3) the volume calculated from the maximum transverse and longitudinal plaens using an ellipsoid formula. Among these ultrasonic parameters the volume showed the best correlation to the actual residual urine volume (r= ). And then, in 125 patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction, the residual urine volume data calculated by the ultrasound using the ellipsoid formula were compared with the actual volume determined by catheterization. The amount of residual urine larger than 50cc and 100cc could be detected by the ultrasound with an accuracy of 92. 7% and 96. 4%, respectively. The average error of 15. 9% and the correlation coefficiency of were obtained. Ultrasonography is a simple, quick, non-invasive and quantitative method of estimating residual urine volume. Therefore, the ultrasonic assessment of residual urine may be recommended as a suitable method for routine practice instead of the catheterization method.
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3 transverse scan longitudinal scan D= greatest antero-posterior measurement W= greatest transverse measurement H= greatest supero-inferior measurement V=47GxWxnx =xwxhx0
4 127 図3超 音 波 で 計 測 した最 大 横 断 面 積(a), 縦 断面 積(b)お よ び体 積値(c)と 実測 残 尿 量:との関 係 Y=5. Y=6. 817X-12. r= r= n=60 n=60 p<0. 279X p< 示 した. 超 音 波 計 測 で 残 尿50cc未 した 症 例 は82例, 50cc以 満 が70例, 満 と判 定 50cc以 上 が95 例 で あ った. 超 音 波 計 測 に よ る評 価 と導 尿 に よ る評 価 表1残 図4残 尿50ccを 尿 の 超音 波 断 層 像(RT3000使 r=i. osix-o. r= zoi n=60 上 と判 定 し た 症 例 は83例 あ っ た が, 実 際 の 残 尿 量 は50cc未 と判 定 した 症 例 の, 超 音 波 計 測 値 と実 測 残 尿 量 と の 対 比 を 表1に (c) (b) (a) p< が 一 致 した 症 例 は153例 で, 正 診 率 は92, 7%で 超 音 波 計 測 で 残 尿50cc未 らず, 実 測 残 尿 量 が50cc以 fa1se negative14. 6%で あ った. 満 と判 定 した に も か か わ 上 あ つ た 症 例 は12例 あ り, あ つた. false negative症 の 実 際 の 残 尿 量 は, 50cc以 上60cc未 満 が7例, 60cc2 基準 とした 時 の 超音 波 計 測値 と実 測 残 尿量 用) 図5残 尿 の超 音 波 断 層像(RT3000使 用) 左 は 最 大 横 断面 像, 右 は最 大 縦 断 面 像 で あ る. 最 大 左 は最 大横 断面 像, 右 は最 大 縦 断 面 像 で あ る. 最大 前 後 径2. 6cm, 前後 径6. Ocm, 積11, 1cm2, 左 右径6, 9cm, 上 下 径2. 3cm, 横断面 縦 断 面 積3. 6cm2で 体 積 は21-6cm3と 計 測 され た が 実 測残 尿 量 は21ccで あ つた. 左右 径5. 8cm, 上 下 径2, 8cm, 横 断面 積26. 4cm2, 縦 断面 積11. 4cm2で 体 積51, 0cm3と 計 測 された が, 導 尿 で 得 られ た残 尿 は50ccで あ った. 例
5 128 図6残 尿 の超 音 波 断層 像(RT3000使 用) 図7残 尿 の 超 音 波 断層 像(RT3000使 用) 左 は最 大 横 断 面 像, 右 は最 大縦 断面 像 で あ る, 最 大 左 は最 大 横 断面 像, 右 は最 大縦 断 面 像 で あ る. 最 大 前後 径5. 9cm, 前後 径8. 3cm, 左 右径5. 6cm, 上 下 径5. 8cm, 横 断面 左 右径8, 2cm, 上 下 径7, 2cm, 横断面 積26. 7cm2, 縦 断 面積18. 7cm2, 体積100, 3cm3と 計 測 積57. 6cm2, 縦 断面 積44. 6cm2, 体 積256. 5cm3と 計 測 され た が, 実 測 残尿 量 は100ccで あ った. され た が, 実際 の残 尿 量 は276ccで あ った. 表2残 尿100ccを 基 準 と した時 の超 音 波計 測 値 と実 測残 尿 量 例, 70cc2例, 80cc1例 で 残 尿 量50cc以 上 と判 定 し た 症 例 の 実 測 残 尿 量 は, 全 例50cc以 で あ っ た. ま た, 超 音 波 計 測 上 で, 50cc未 満 の症 例 す な わ ちfalse tiveは0%で posi- あ つ た. 全165症 例 の 超 音 波 で 計 測 した 残 尿 の 体 積 値 と, 導 尿 で 得 ら れ た 実 測 残 尿 量 と の 関 係 を, 図8に 帰 直 線V=1. り, p<0. 次 に, 超 音 波 計 測 で 残 尿 量100cc未 満 あ る い は100cc , 相 関 係 数r=0-9809で 残 尿 の 容 量 別 に み た, 超 音 波 計 測 値 と実 測 残 尿 量 と を 表3に の 対 比 を 表2に た も の が8例, 4. 8%, 97例, 逆 に 大 きか った も の が60例, 満 と 判 定 し た 症 例 は127例, 100cc以 上 と判 定 した 症 例 は38例 で あ った が, 実 際 に100cc未 満 だ っ た 症 例 も127 例, 100cc以 上 だ つ た 症 例 も38例 で あ った. し か し, 超 あ 001で 高 い 相 関 関 係 に あ っ た. 以 上 と判 定 した 症 例 の, 超 音 波 計 測 値 と実 測 残 尿 量 と 示 した. 超 音 波 計 測 で 残 尿 量100cc未 示 し た. 回 示 した. 超 音 波 計 測 値 が 実 測 残 尿 量 と一 致 し 58. 8%, 計 測 値 の 方 が 小 さか った もの が 36. 4%で あ り, 超 音 波 計 測 値 と 実 測 残 尿 量 と の 差 は, 一4. 0± 14. 3(Mean±S. D.)ccで あ つた. 全 体 に 超 音 波 計 測 値 音 波 計 測 に よ る評 価 と導 尿 に よ る 評 価 が 一 致 した 症 例 の 方 が 実 測 値 よ り も若 干 低 く, こ の傾 向 は 残 尿 量:の大 は159例 で, 正 診 率 は96. 4%で 小 に よ らず, 超 音 波 計 測 で 残 尿100cc未 らず, は, あ っ た. 満 と判 定 し た に も か か わ 100cc以 上 の残 尿 が あ ったfalse 3例, ccで1例 2. 4%の が120ccで 尿 量100cc以 量 が100cc未 7, 9%あ negative症 み で, そ れ ら の 残 尿 量 は2例 例 が105 あ っ た, ま た, 超 音 波 計 測 で, 残 上 と判 定 し た に も か か わ ら ず, 実 測 残 尿 満 だ つたfalse り, 1例 が80cc, positive症 2例 が98ccで 例 も3例, あ った. ほ ぼ 同 様 で あ った. また, 計 測 誤 差 は%値 で み る と, 表4に 示 した よ う に 残 尿 量 が 多 くな る に した が っ て 小 さ くな る傾 向 に あ り, 全 体 で は 最 大 誤 差54. 2%, 差15. 9%で 計 測 誤 差 の 分 布 を 図9に 症 例 が77. 6%を 例 は4例 最 小 誤 差0%, 平均 誤 あ っ た. 示 し た が, 誤 差25%未 占 め て い た. 計 測 誤 差 が50%以 あ った が, 誤 差 が50%以 満の 上 の症 上 の 症 例 は4例 あっ
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