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1 2012 Vol.61 No.5 p The National Health and Nutrition Survey in the promotion and evaluation of health policies: Its role and history as a long-term health-monitoring tool Nobuo YOSHIIKE Kimiko ICHIMURA Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aomori University of Health and Welfare Abstract The National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHNS) has been annually conducted according to the Health Promotion Law since 2003, playing an important role in the advancement and evaluation of the national health promotion initiative known as Health Japan 21. Until the enactment of this law, the National Nutrition Survey (NNS) had been carried out according to the Nutrition Improvement Law , Mase, Hamadate, Aomori, , Japan. Tel/fax: n_yoshiike@auhw.ac.jp 388

Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aomori University of Health and Welfare Abstract The National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHNS) has been annually conducted according to the

2 since The origins of the NNS can be traced to the nationwide nutrition survey conducted in 1946, covering 9 cities and 27 prefectures, to obtain basic data for the distribution of the emergency food supply during the serious food shortage after the end of World War II. Surveys developed and implemented for health policies can be classified into two categories: surveys that serve as components in the management cycle of specific programs, and surveys that are not specific to a certain program, but collect and analyze important indicators to detect underlying public health problems. The NHNS has played the former role in Health Japan 21 as a part of the Health Promotion Law. The NNS, and currently the NHNS, also played the latter role for over 65 years, identifying yearly changes in the core indicators of many health and nutritional issues throughout Japan. In fact, the primary functions of both survey types are to monitor changes in health and nutritional conditions over a long period of time. The methods and items of these surveys have been altered throughout their history, due to changes in social needs, revisions in the food composition tables, and reevaluation of survey methodologies. While such alterations might have helped in the development of better survey systems, they might simultaneously have contributed to the deterioration of the continuity and comparability of the data. In order to utilize trend data from the NNS/NHNS for health policies, the methodological changes in each indicator must be carefully interpreted. The primary aim of this paper was to summarize changes in the survey methods and indicators across time for this purpose. keywords: National Health and Nutrition Survey, National Nutrition Survey, monitoring, continuity of the data, history (accepted for publication, 18th October 2012) [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] 389

during the serious food shortage after the end of World War II.

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10 [ ] p.. [ ] [ ] -. [ ] [ ] H p.. [ ] p. -. [ ] [ ] Takimoto H, Yoshiike N, Kaneda F, Yoshita K. Thinness among young Japanese women. Am J Public Health. 2004;94: [ ] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Blood lead levels--united States, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2005;54: [ ] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). NHANES: 50 Years of Contributions to Public Health. [ ] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Informed Consent for NHANES. www. cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhanes/00futstu.pdf [ ]. [ ] -. [ ] [ ] Iwaoka F, Yoshiike N, Date C, Shimada T, Tanaka H. A validation study on a method to estimate nutrient intake by family members through a household-based food-weighing survey. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol. 2001; 47: [ ] Inoue S, Ohya Y, Tudor-Locke C, Tanaka S, Yoshiike N, Shimomitsu T. Time trends for step-determined physical activity among Japanese adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43: [ ] [ ] H. p. -. [ ] -. [ ] p. -. [ ]. r5gc-att/2r r5np.pdf [ ] He FJ, Macgregor GA. Salt intake, plasma sodium, and worldwide salt reduction. Ann Med. 2012; Suppl1: S [ ] 397

2005;54:513-6. [ ] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). NHANES: 50 Years of Contributions to Public Health. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/video/nhanes50th_contributions/nhanes_contributions.

11 p. -. [ ]. [ ]. mhlw.go.jp/bunya/shakaihosho/iryouseido01/info03a. html [ ]. -. [ ] Sasaki S. The value of the National Health and Nutrition Survey in Japan. Lancet. 2011; 378(9798): [ ] Tokudome S, Nishi N, Tanaka H. Towards a better National Health and Nutrition Survey in Japan. Lancet. 2012;379(9821):e

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女子短大生に対する栄養マネジメント教育とその評価 10 11 12 http://www.center.ibk.ed.jp/contents/kenkyuu /houkoku/data/030s/sport1.htm http://www.mhlw.go.jp/bunya/kenkou/eiy ou/dl/h24-houkoku.pdf http://www.mhlw.go.jp/bunya/kenkou/dl/ kenkounippon21_02.pdf