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1 000 Ben-Akiva and Lerman,
2 1997 Banister, 1978; Verplanken et al.,
3 () (I n ) 1 18 I n n P n (1) P n ( 1) = exp exp ( Vn 1 ) I n 1 ( V ) + exp µ ln exp ( V ) n1 + i= ni (3.1) V n1 V ni (i =,3,,I n ) Vn ( +1) I n µ P n (i) (i =,3,,I n ) P n (I n + 1) 6
4 P n ( i) exp µ ln = exp n1 exp( Vni ) I + 1 n i= ( V ) n ( V ) + exp µ ln exp( V ) exp ( V ) ni I + 1 n i= exp I + 1 i= ni ni i =, 3,, I n + 1 (3.) McFadden (1978) (3.1),(3.) V ni (i =, 3,, I n + 1) V ni / µ Daly (1987) Koppelman and Wen (1998) McFadden McFadden µ, 3,, I n + 1 µ µ = 1 µ = 0 µ µ µ µ Baht, 1997 ( ) µ = µ 0 exp αx n (3.3) µ 0 α X n 7
5 (3.3) (3.1) (3.) , % 859 3,171 1, % 3, (6.3) (1.8) (0.) (-) (8.4) (6.3) (11.1) (1.8) (0.) (19.4) (3.8) (14.7) (4.1) (0.8) (3.3) (3.4) (18.5) (6.) (1.4) (9.5) (1.) (7.6) (3.6) (1.) (13.6) (0.4) (.6) (1.8) (0.9) (5.8) (1.5) (56.3) (17.7) (4.5) (100.0) ( ): -:
6 Coef. t * ,3,, I n ,3,, I n ,3,, I n ,3,, I n ,3,, I n I n I n I n µ , L(0) = -8.0, L(β) = , χ = 46.7 (df = 0) 3 χ
7 µ (= 1.03 exp(-0.80)) 0.17 (= 1.03 exp(-1.79)) (= 1.03 exp( )) 3 3 L(β)
8 χ 9.8 (= - {(-163.6) (-158.7)}) (df = ) (3.4) S E i C j S C i i = (3.4) j S C j C i i S i i C j = j = i NL ML C j = j = i NL ML C j = j 1 i NL ML
9
10 33
11 3 Banister, D. (1978) The influence of habit formation on modal choice a heuristic model, Transportation, Vol. 7, pp Bhat, C. (1997) Covariance heterogeneity in nested logit models: econometric structure and application to intercity travel, Transportation Research B, Vol.31, No.1, pp Ben-Akiva, M. and Lerman, S. R. (1985) Discrete Choice Analysis: Theory and Application to Travel Demand, The MIT Press, Massachusetts. Daly, A. (1987) Estimating tree logit models, Transportation Research B, Vol. 1B, pp Koppelman, F. S. and Wen, C.-H. (1998) Alternative nested logit models: structure, properties and estimation, Transportation Research B, Vol. 3B, pp McFadden, D. (1978) Modeling the choice of residential location, Transportation Research Record, No. 67, pp Verplanken, B., Aarts, H., van Knippenberg, A. and Moonen, A. (1998) Habit versus planned behaviout: a field experiment, British Journal of Social Psychology, Vol. 37, pp mimeograph No. 536/IV-31, pp No. 569/IV-36, pp No.13, pp
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