untitled

Transcription

1 ｧｱｧｦｧｲｧｦｧ ｧｰｧ ｧ ｧﾁ ｧｱｧｲｧ ｧｬｧｴｧｪｧｬｧ ｧｳｧｰｧｩｧ ｧ ｧｯｧｪｧﾁ ｧｿｧｯｧｦｧｲｧ ｧｰｧｿｧｶｧｶｧｦｧｬｧｴｧｪｧ ｧｯｧｰｧ ｧｰ ｧｨｧｪｧｭｧｪｧｻｧｯｧｰｧ ｧｰ ｧｷｧｰｧｩｧﾁｧｫｧｳｧｴｧ ｧ ｧ ｧｲｧｦｧ ｧｪｧｰｧｯｧｦ ｧｦｧｿｧｬ ｧｰｧｰｧｯ

2 ,

3 , , , , , , , , ECE/HBP/ , UNECE Information Service : +41 (0) Palais des Nations : +41 (0) CH-1211 Geneva : [email protected] Switzerland :

4 , , , , , , " ", ( ) , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ｨC , , , , i

5 : : : , " ", ; : , ; , ; , ; , , " ", ( ), ( ) , , , , , , , , Wien Energie 1 7 Tina Vienna , ( ), , , , , , ( ), , , , , , , , , , , , Wien Energie; , DIW econ; , ; , ; , ; , VTT ; , ii

6 I A ( ﾓ , ), B ( ﾓ )... 9 C , II A B C D III A B C D IV A B C D E V A B ? C D , E F viii x iii

7 13VI A B C D E F ｨC ｨC ｨC ﾓ ｨC ｨC , , ｨC ﾓ ｨC ｨC ｨC ( ) ｨC ( ) ｨC ｨC ｨC ｨC C.A.S.E.: , iv

8 ｨC ｨC ｨC ｨC ｨC ｨC ｨC ( ) , , ( ) ｨC ｨC ｨC ? ｨC , ｨC I ｨC II ｨC III ｨC ｨC ｨC ｨC ｨC ｨC ｨC IV v

9 ｨC ｨC ｨC ( ) : ? ｨC ｨC ｨC ? ｨC ｨC , ｨC ｨC V ｨC VI ｨC , ｨC ｨC ｨC ｨC , ｨC ｨC ｨC ｨC ｨC ｨC , , , , , , ｨC ｨC ( ) vi

10 ｨC ｨC ｨC ｨC ｨC ｨC ｨC ｮWien Energie Haus ｯ ｨC ( ) ｨC ｨC ｨC ｨC ｨC ｯ ｨC ( , ) ｨC ｨC , ｨC , ｨC " " ｨC ｨC vii

11 ｦ KfW KliP ｦ11 7/ ｦ11 7/ /32/ , , , " " viii

12 ｦ WWFSG " " ix

13 , : ﾓ , , " " , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , : 6ｦ , , , ｦ x

14 136ｦ , , ｦ , : ｦ ﾓ (1 71 7) , , , , , ｦ , , , ｦ , , , ｦ " " , , , , , 1 7 xi

15 , ｦ , , , , ｦ , , , ｦ , , , ｦ , , , , ｦ , , , , , , ｦ , xii

16 136ｦ , , ｦ , , ｦ , , : , , , , , , , , , , ｦ , , , ｦ , , , ｦ , xiii

17 ｦ , , , ｦ , ｦ , , ｦ , ( ), , , , ｦ , , , , ｦ , , ; , / xiv

18 136ｦ , , , , , ｦ , , ｦ ｦ , , xv

19 ｰ ﾓ ; , ｱ , , , : ﾓ , " " , , , ﾓ ( ), , , , , , , , , , , , , a Metz et al , , , , ,

20 , , , , , ﾓ ; , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ( ) : , ｨC , , , , , ﾓ Wien Energy 1 7 Tina Vienna " " ｨC , , ttp:// ,

21 , , , , , , , ﾓ , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ( ) , , , , , , , , , , , , a 3

22 , : 6ｦ , ; 6ｦ , ; 6ｦ , , ; 6ｦ ; 6ｦ " " ( ). 4

23 ｨC , ｦ , , , , , ｦ , , ｦ ｦ , ｦ , : ,

24 , , , " ?" , I ﾓ II , III , , IV V VI , VII ,

25 13I , ﾓ , , , , , , , ｨC : 6ｦ ｦ ｦ ｦ , ｦ ｦ , ｦ ｦ ｦ ｦ : , a ,

26 ( ﾓ E1 7, ), ; , , , ( ) , " , " , , , , , , , , , : , ,

27 136ｦ , ｦ ｦ , , ﾓ , : 6ｦ , ( II). 6ｦ ｦ ( ﾓ ) ﾓ , ﾓ , , , , , , ﾓ , , , , , , ,

28 , , , , , , ﾓ , , , : , , , , , ,

29 ｨC ? : , , ﾓ , , , , , , , ( ) , , : a , , ,

30 , , , 1 7, , , , ( , ( ) , ), , ( ) , ( ) , , , , , , , , , , , ,

31 , , ( ) , ｨC , : , , , , ; , , , , , , , , , , , , : , 2012a 13

32 ｨC I Affordable Land and Housing in Europe and North America (UN-Habitat 2011) , , , , , , ( , 2012b) , , , , , , , ｨC " " " " , , , , , , , , : ,

33 13A II , , , , , " , " , , , , : 6ｦ , ｦ ｦ ｦ ｦ ｦ ｦ ,

34 136ｦ ｦ ｦ , , , , , , B ﾓ , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

35 , , , ( ) / / , ｨC ﾓ E : 6ｦ /32/ ( ) 27 6ｦ ( ) 2002/91/EC /31/EU 28 6ｦ , /32/EC , ,

36 , ( V: ) , ｨC II EU Regulatory Frameworks in a Nutshell (World Green Building Council 2011) , , " " , , , ｨC (2006/32/EC) , ; ; ; , , (2002/91/EC) ( ) ﾓ : ( ) ,

37 , , , ( ) (2010/31/EU) : , , " " , , , , , , , , , ( ) ﾓ (2005/32/EC) , , , ( /32/EC) , / ( ),

38 , , , , , , , , (IECC ASHRAE ), , , ( ) , , , , , , , , / ,

39 ｨC , , : ISO/TC , , , , , , , : , ISO/TC ( , , ) , , : ; ; ; ; ( ) , , : , : ISO 16813: ｨC ｨC ISO/TR 16344: ｨC , , : ISO ｨC : ,

40 ｨC , : : : , , : , , , , : , , , , , / ( ) (HeizkostenV), , , , , : ; : , : , : , : Clean Technica 2012; The Energy Collective 2012; German Missions in the US 2012; Maracci 2011; Neuhoff et al. 2011; Power and Zulauf 2011; UN-Habitat and the City of Vienna 2012; UN-Habitat 2012; Wind Works.org

41 : Emma-Liisa Hannula UN-Habitat : , : [email protected] : United Nations Human Settlements Programme Housing and Slum Upgrading Branch P.O.Box GPO, Nairobi 00100, Kenya : , , ﾓ , ｨC ﾓ ,30 0,306ﾓ10,40 0,30 0,45/0, ,80 1,706ﾓ11,90 1,90 6ﾓ ,20 0,25 0,25 0,30/0, ,25 6ﾓ1 0,35 0,40/0, = / : ,

42 ｨC III " " ( ), , , , : , , , , , , , , , , , , ( ) , , , , , , , , , ﾓ ｨC , , , , , , , ,

43 , , , , , , , , , , ( ) , , " " " " , , " " ( ) , ﾓ , , , , , , , , , , V: ,

44 ｨC , , , ( ), , , , , , ( ) , , , , ( ) , , / , , , , , : , , , , ﾓ , : ,

45 ｨC , : : , ｦ11 7/1 7 2 / ｦ11 7/ , ｦ11 7/1 7 2 / ｦ11 7/1 7 2 / , : : , , " # " , , : , , , : , , , : ( ) , : ,

46 : , , : , : : , : " " : , : [email protected] : , , / : , : 6ｦ , , , ｦ ,

47 ｨC , , ｨC , , , , , , , ( ) " ｨC " ﾓ ﾓ , , , ﾓ No : ,

48 ｨC , , , , , / , , , ﾓ / ( ) , , , , , , , : , No. 412-I: " " ,

49 ( ( )), , : " " , , , , , , , , , " " , , C , , , , , , , , , ( ) ｨC ( ) , Rukhadze

50 , VI , , : ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ) , ( ) ( ) , , , , ( ) , , , ( ) , , , , ( , , ) , , , , , , , , Lujanen

51 , , ( ) , , , , ( " ") , ( ) (956ﾓ ) , , , , , , ( ) ( ) , , , , ,

52 , ( , ) , , ( ) , , , , , , , / , , , , , , , , , , / , ,

53 ｨC , , , , , , , , , , , , : , ( , ), , , , , : Gabor ( , , , , , , ), , , , , Lujanen

54 , , , , , , , , D , , , , : ｦ , ｦ , , : ,

55 ｦ , , ｦ : , , , , , , ｦ , , , , , ｦ ( , , , ) , , ; , , ,

56 13

57 13III A , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , " " , , , , , , , , , B , ,

58 , , , , , , : , , , , , , ( , , , , , , ), , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

59 , , , , , , ( , ), ( ) , , , ( , , , ) , , , : 6ｦ , , , ｦ , ｦ , , ｦ , , , , , , : , ,

60 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ( ) , , , , , , , , ,

61 : , , : , , , , , , , , , , , , , , : , , , , , , , ( ) , , , ,

62 , : 6ｦ ( ) 6ｦ , ( ) 6ｦ ( , ) 6ｦ ( ) , , , , , , , , ( ), , , , , , ( , , , ) , , Urban Institute 2005 Lujanen

63 , , , , , , , , , , , , , : 6ｦ , / , , ｦ ( , , ) 6ｦ , ( ), ( ), ( ) , , , , , , ,

64 , , , , , , ｨC , ; , , , , , : , , Zapletalovｨ

65 ( ) , , / , / ( ) , ( , , , ) , , ｨC : Lujanen Lujanen

66 , , , : , , , , , , , ｨC : 197 Feheivari street, Budapest, Hungary , ( ) , ; , , , : , , , : , , , , , , , , , , : , , , , , ,

67 , , , ( ), , , , ｨC IV Guidelines on Condominium Ownership of Housing for Countries in Transition (UNECE 2003) Guidelines on Condominium Ownership of Housing for Countries in Transition , , , , , , ｨC , : , : , , ﾓ : , (

68 ), , , , , , , , , , , , : , , , , , : ( , ) , , , , : , : , ,

69 : no. 555/ no. 311/ : : Zapletalovｨ 2013 next door : Jaroslava Zapletalovｨ Housing Institute : , : [email protected] : Pre08ovskｨ 39, Bratislava, Slovakia ｨC , : , , , , , , , : , , : , , , : , ﾓ ﾓ , , ; , ; ; ;

70 : , , /1 7 2 / , , : " " , : , , , , , : , , , , , , , : : , , : Liias : Roode Liias Tallinn University of Technology : , : [email protected] : Ehitajate tee 5, Tallinn, Estonia : 52

71 ｨC , : , : , , : , , : , , , , , , , : : , ﾓ , ﾓ ,

72 : , , , , , , : , , , , , , , , , , , : , , , , , , , , , : , , , ,

73 : , , , , : Central Project Management Agency : Aloyzas Vitkauskas Central Project Management Agency : , : [email protected] : S. Konarskio str.13, LT Vilnius, Lithuania : C , , , , , , , , , , , , , World Habitat Awards

74 , , , , : , , , , 1 7, , , , , , , , , , , , , , ; , , , , , , ﾓ , , ,

75 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ; , , , , , , , ,

76 ｨC , , , , , , , , , ( ), ( ), , , , , FUTI OMEGA : , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

77 ｨC ( ) , , , , , , " " , : CDzP, ｨC , : CDzP , ( ) ( ) , , : , CDzP , : ｨC CDzP , CDzP , , , , , CDzP

78 , : , , , , ﾓ : , , , , , , : , : : CDzP management and maintenance company No date : Girts Beykmanis LLC ｰCDzP ｱ : , : [email protected] : 7 Gauyas str., Cesis, Latvia : D : ｦ , ; , ｦ ,

79 , ( ). 6ｦ , , , , ｦ ( , , , , ) , , , , , , , ｦ , , , 1 7, , / ｦ , ｦ ,

80 ,

81 13IV A , , , , , , , , , ( ) , , ( ) , ( ), ( II: V: ) : Buffington ｨC

82 , , , , , , , , V: , , , , , , , , B , , , , , , , , , , Buffington Sonderegger 1978 Darby

83 " " " " , , , ( ) , , , ; ｨC : ? , , , , , , , , , , , , " ", , ; , , , , " " , , , , , : 65

84 ｨC ｨC Wohnpartner , , , , , , , , ; , : Wohnpartner, , , , , , : ; , ( V: ; , , , , , , , , ,

85 , , , ( ) ｨC ? " " , , , , , , , ﾓ , , , , : , , , , , , ,

86 ｨC , , , " " ( , , , , " " , , , , , , : , C , , , , , , ( ) , , , , , , , , , ,

87 , ｨC Wien Energie Haus : 08 Wien Energie Haus Wien Energie Haus , , Wienstrom, Wiengas and Fernw01rme Wien , , , , , , , , , ; , , , , , , : Wien Energie Haus ( , ) , , , ( , ) : Wien Energie Haus , , , , , , , , ,

88 , : , , , , , , , , , , , , , ; , , : ; : Wien Energie 1 7, , , 1 7 1, , , , : , ; , : Wien Energie

89 ｨC , , , ﾓ , , , : Sitra 2009 D , , , , , , , " ", , , , , , , a , ( ). 71

90 ｨC ( ) , : ; ﾓ / , : , , , , ( ) , , , , , , , , , , , : , , , , , , , , : : ( ) , , , , , , ,

91 , , : , , , , , , , ﾓ , , , : B , : Roode Liias Tallinn University of Technology : , : [email protected] : Ehitajate tee 5, Tallinn, Estonia : E , , , , , , , , , , , , , , : ,

92 , ﾓ , , , , , , " "

93 13A V , , ; , : 6ｦ A ｨC , , , ｦ B ｨC ｦ C ｨC , B , , , , , , , , , / ( ), / , ,

94 , / / ( , ) , , , : 6ｦ ( , , , ), , , " " ｦ , ( , , ), ｦ ( , , ), ; , , , , , , , , B ? : , , ; , , Boon and Sunikka

95 , , , , , , ﾓ , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ( ), , , , , Bus

96 ｨC , : ﾓ , , , : ｨC , , , , , : , , , , , , , , , , , : , , , , : : , , , , , , ,

97 : , , : ; , , ; : , , ; , , , : , , , , : " ｨC " ﾓ , , , ,

98 : , , , : World Habitat Awards 2007, Building and Social Housing Foundation No date : Emma-Liisa Hannula UN-Habitat : , : [email protected] : United Nations Human Settlements Programme Housing and Slum Upgrading Branch P.O.Box GPO, Nairobi 00100, Kenya : C , , I II ｨC : VTT , Source Book for Energy Auditors (Lyberg 1987) and Guide to Energy Management (Capehart et al. 2008). 80

99 13I II ﾓ ﾓ1 C ﾓ ﾓ ﾓ , , , , , , , , , , , / , , II , , , ? , ｨC : VTT , Source Book for Energy Auditors (Lyberg 1987) and Guide to Energy Management (Capehart et al. 2008). 81

100 , : ( ) ( ) ( ) , ( / ) , , , , ﾓ , ; : 6ｦ , ｦ , , ｦ , ( ) ( ) ｦ , , , , , , ,

101 , , , , , , " " , , , ｨC , , , , , , , , , , , , , , : Lujanen 2013 D , , , , , , ,

102 , , , , , , , ｨC , , , , ﾓ , ( ) , ( / ), G , / , , , , E6ﾓ1F, ﾓ / / , ,

103 ; ｦ11 7/ ｦ11 7/ ｦ11 7/ ｨC : / ,

104 , ｨC , , ｨC : , : , , , , , , , , , , ( ) , ( ) , , ﾓ : , , , ,

105 : , : , , , , , , : Liias : Roode Liias Tallinn University of Technology : , : [email protected] : Ehitajate tee 5, Tallinn, Estonia : , , , , , , , , : , , , , , , , , (1 7, , ) , , , / , Arkesteijn and van Dijk

106 , , ｨC V Energy Performance Certification of Buildings (OECD/IEA 2010) Energy Performance Certification of Buildings (OECD/IEA 2010) , , , , , , , , , , , ,

107 , / ; ; ; , ｨC ｨC : Meehan : , Meehan

108 , , , , , , , , ( ,6) , , , ; , , , , , Boon and Sunikka

109 ｨC ( ) , ( ) ( ) , / , , ( , ) , ) , ) ) ) ( ) , ) ) ( ) 3) ( ) , ; ( , , , )

110 Step ( ) : , , : 6ﾓ ﾓ ﾓ ﾓ ) ) , ) ( ) 4) , ) > ) ) , > , : : , ,

111 ｨC , , : ( , , ) ( ) : , ; ;

112 ( ) ( ) ( ) , , , , ｨC , , , , ( , , )

113 ｨC ( ) ( ), : ( / , , ) ( / , ) ( / , ) ( / , ) ( / , ) ( ) , , , , ｨC , , , , ( , )

114 : , ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) , ; ; ( , , , ) ( ) 96

115 , , , , , , , , , , , ｨC , ; ; ( ); ; ; ( ) 0,5 1,5 2, Bell, Lowe and Roberts

116 ｨC , , ( ) ( ) ; ; ; ; , ; ; ; , , ; ; ﾓ ,

117 , , ; , ; ; ; ; ; , , , , : , : , , , : , : : , : [email protected] : , , / : 99

118 ｨC , : , ; , , , , : , , , : , , : , / /1 7 2, (BEEN) , , , , ; , , , : ; , ; , ; ,

119 , , , : , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , : , , : Liias : Roode Liias Tallinn University of Technology : , : [email protected] : Ehitajate tee 5, Tallinn, Estonia : 101

120 13E , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ( ), , , , , ; , , / , , , , / ,

121 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ; , , , , , : 6ｦ / ｦ / ( , ) , , ﾓ ,

122 , , , , , , , 1 7, , , , European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy 2011, Appendix 1 104

123 ｨC VI Going Green (UN-Habitat 2012) Going Green: A Handbook of Sustainable Housing Practices in Developing Countries, , , , ; , , , , , , Energy-Efficiency Requirements in Building Codes, Energy- Efficiency Policies for New Buildings (OECD/IEA 2008) , , , , , , , ,

124 ｨC , ( ) , ( ) , , , , , , : , (1 7) , (b) ｨC ｯ , : C.A.S.E ｯ , , ; : C.A.S.E ( ), , , , , , , , ,

125 , , : , , , /1 7 2 K, , /1 7 2 K , /1 7 2 K /1 7 2 y (lamellare sdraiato) , , , , , , , : : : , , , : , , , ; , : , , , , , , ( ) ( ),

126 : : , , , , , : , , , , , , , , , , : , , , , , , , , : , , , , , , ,

127 ｨC C.A.S.E.: , ｨC : , : Emma-Liisa Hannula UN-Habitat : , : [email protected] : United Nations Human Settlements Programme Housing and Slum Upgrading Branch, P.O. Box GPO, Nairobi 00100, Kenya : Enerpoint S.P.A; : Fondazione Eucentre. 109

128 ｨC ( ), , : ｨC , , , ; : (Matala Energia Rakentaminen [ ]) : , , , Reponen Oy , , ; , , , , : ME1 7A , , , , : ( , , ) : ( ) , Reponen ; Reponen ,

129 : , , : : , , : , , : Vesa Ij01s Lahti Science and Business Park Ltd : : [email protected] : Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140, Lahti, Finland : F , , , , , , , ,

130 , , , , , , , , , , , , ; , , , , , , , , , , , ,

131 , , , , , , , ,

132 13

133 13A VI , , , , , , ; , , , , , , , , , , ,

134 , : 6ｦ ; , ｦ , , , ｦ ｦ , ｦ ｦ : , , Lujanen

135 , , , , , , , , : 6ｦ ｦ , B , , , , , , , ,

136 : 6ｦ , , , ｦ : 6ｦ , ｦ , , ｦ ; , , , : 6ｦ , ( , ; ). 6ｦ , ; D. C , ,

137 , , , , : , 186ﾓ ﾓ , , ｨC ( ) , , , , , , , ( , , , ) , , , , , , " ｨC ", , , ,

138 , , ( ) , , , , , , : ( ), ｨC ( ) , , ( ) , , , , ﾓ : ,

139 ｨC , ; ( ) , , , , , : , D , , , , , , , KfW, Zapletalovｨ

140 , , ｨC , , ; , : , , , , , , ; ; , , : Zapletalovｨ ｨC , " , ", Bank Gospodarstwa Krajowego ( , ) : ; , ,

141 , , : : , ｨC , , , , , , , , , ( ) ( ) , ( ) : , , , : ( ) ( , , , , , ), , , 123

142 , , ﾓ , , , , , , ｨC , , , (KfW) , , ( ) , ( ), , ( ) , ( ), , , ﾓ , , , , , , : ,

143 , , , , , , / ｨC , , , , ,16ﾓ11, , ｨC , , , , , , ; , , , , , , , , : ,

144 , , ｨC , , , (KfW) , , , , ( ) , , : , , , , : 6ｦ , , a Hilke and Ryan

145 136ｦ , , ｦ ( ) ( ), ｦ , , ｦ , , , , , ﾓ , (ARRA), ( ) ｨC , : , , ; , , , : , : Rezessy and Bertoldi 127

146 : , , , : , , , : ﾓ / / , , : , , , , , , , ,16ﾓ14, ( ) , : : : , , , : KredEx : Mirja Adler Fund KredEx : , : [email protected] : Hobujaama 4, Tallinn, Estonia : 128

147 : , ﾓ ( ) ( ) ｦ ｦ ( ) ( ) , , , ,26ﾓ11,7% / : ( ) ( ); ( ), * * * ｨC ｨC ( ) 129

148 , , , , ｨC , ( ), , , ｨC ,

149 ｨC , , : , , , ( ) : , , : : , , , , ( ), : " ", , : : Zapletalovｨ : Jaroslava Zapletalovｨ Housing Institute : , : [email protected] : Pre08ovskｨ 39, Bratislava, Slovakia 131

150 : ( ) ( ) , , , ( ) , ｨC ｨC , ｨC ( ) 132

151 ｨC , , : , , , , , , , : , , , : , , , , ｨC : BGK :

152 ｨC : , : , , : ( ), : : , : Boreslaw Meluch Bank Gospodarstwa Krajowego : , : [email protected] : 7,Al.Jerozolimskie, Warsaw, Poland : 134

153 ｨC " " , : ( ) , , , , , , , , : , , , , , , , , : , , , , , , , , , : , , , , / , : , , , , , ,

154 : , , , : , , , , , , : KliP, WWFSG ( ) : , , , , , , : , : Ing. Berthold Lehner City of Vienna, Wohnfonds Wien (Fund for Housing Construction and Urban Renewal) : : [email protected], [email protected] : Lenaugasse 10, 1082 Vienna, Austria : 136

155 ｨC , : ; , , , , : , : o o o : ( ) : , , , ( ) ,56ﾓ , , ( ): : , , :

156 : : ｦ ( ) : , , , , , , : , , : , : Tatyana Stoyanova, Project Manager; Tzveta Naniova, UNDP Programme Officer : : [email protected], [email protected] : 113 Knyaz Boris I St., 2nd floor, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria : 138

157 ｨC , : , , , , , , : , , " " (ARRA). ARRA , , , , , , , ARRA , 1 7 ARRA : ( ) , , ( ), ( ) ( ), : , ,30; ; , , , , , , , , ( )

158 : , , , , , ﾓ ( ) ( [ ]) , , , , , , , (3, ), ﾓ , (9, ) : ﾓ , ARRA , , , , : (68, ) (13, ) , ,76ﾓ13, , , , , : , , , ,

159 , , , , , : , , , , : (ARRA) : : Perez No date; Bernard No date; United States Internal Revenue Service 2012a; United States Internal Revenue Service 2012b; Energy Star 2012; United States Department of Housing and Urban Development : Emma-Liisa Hannula UN-Habitat : , : [email protected] : United Nations Human Settlements Programme, Housing and Slum Upgrading Branch P.O.Box GPO, Nairobi 00100, Kenya : E , , , , ,

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177 13ｧｱｧｦｧｲｧｦｧ ｧｰｧ ｧ ｧﾁ ｧｱｧｲｧ ｧｬｧｴｧｪｧｬｧ ｧｳｧｰｧｩｧ ｧ ｧｯｧｪｧﾁ ｧｿｧｯｧｦｧｲｧ ｧｰｧｿｧｶｧｶｧｦｧｬｧｴｧｪｧ ｧｯｧｰｧ ｧｰ ｧｨｧｪｧｭｧｪｧｻｧｯｧｰｧ ｧｰ ｧｷｧｰｧｩｧﾁｧｫｧｳｧｴｧ ｧ ｧ ｧｲｧｦｧ ｧｪｧｰｧｯｧｦ ｧｦｧｿｧｬ ｧｰｧｰｧｯ Information Service United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Palais des Nations CH Geneva 10, Switzerland Telephone: +41(0) Fax: +41(0) [email protected] Website: Printed at United Nations, Geneva ｨC (R) ｨC December 2014 ｨC 139 ｨC ECE/HBP/175