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1 ( ) ( ｨC Transaction Processing Systems 1 7 TPS) ( ｨC Office Automation Systems 1 7 OAS) ( ｨC Knowledge Work System 1 7 KWS) , ( ｨC Management Information Systems 1 7 MIS) ( ｨC Decision Support Systems 1 7 DSS) , ( ｨC Executive Support Systems 1 7 ESS) ,

2 , , , , : ｪｪ , ｪ , , , : ; PC99; ; , : ( ); ; ; ; ; (Mainframe) , , ( , , ) , , , ,

3 , , , (1 71 7) , , , , , , , Pentium III, IV ( ) , ( ) ( ) , , , , , , , , Cray T3E SGI, ( ) (HILARM) , , , , Cray T3E , , PC

4 ｨC PC : 1 7 Consumer PC ( ); 1 7 Office PC ( ); 1 7 Mobile PC ( , ); 1 7 Workstation PC ( ); 1 7 Entertainment PC ( ) : ; (notebook); (palmtop) (1 71 7) ( ) , : ; ; ; : ( ) , , , ( , ), , ( ) , , , , (Apple imac, Aser Aspire, Compaq Presario) (Main Board Mother Board) , ( ), , , ,

5 , ( CPU - Central Processor Unit) , , , , , ( , ) , (Pentium, Itanium), , ( , Intel Pentium) ( , Intel Itanium) , , , ( ), Intel (Pentium, Itanium), AMD (Athlon), Cyrix (1 7-2) (chipset) , , , , , ( RAM 1 7 Random Access Memory) , , , , , , Windows' , Microsoft Office XP ( ｪ ) ,

6 , , (ROM 1 7 Read Only Memory), (Programmable ROM) (Erasable PROM) , , EPROM , , (flash) EPROM BIOS (Cache) , , , , , , , , CMOS (Complementory Metal 1 7 Oxide Semiconductor) , , , CMOS BIOS. CMOS ( bus) , , PCI PCI / , ( )

7 13( ) ( , , ) , , ( ), ( ) , , , , , SVGA , , , , : 14, 15, 17, 20, 21, ( = 2, ) , , , , , , : , , , : 1 7 ISO ｨC ; 1 7 MPR II, MPR 1990:10 ｨC , ( );

8 131 7 TCO-1992, TCO-1995, TCO-1999 ｨC , ; 1 7 Blue Angel ｨC ; 1 7 NUTEK ｨC ; 1 7 EPA ｨCEnergy Star ｨC , : ; ; , , , ( , ) , , , , , , , , : , ,

9 ( , ) , , , , ｪ , , (digital audio channel) ( ｪ ) : (FM ), ( ) ｪ , WT (WaveTable) ( ) , ( DAC ｪ Digital to Analog Converter) , , MIDI (Musical Instruments Digital Interface). MIDI , , , (HDD ｨC Hard Disk Drive) ( ) ( EIDI 1 7 SCSI) (FDD ｨC Floppy Disk Drive) ｨC , , CD-ROM ( Compact Disc Read Only Memory) , CD-R (Compact Disc Recorder) ｨC CD-RW (Compact Disc Read and Write) ｨC DVD ,

10 13MO ｨC , ｨC : ; ; ; , , , , , , , ( , ) ,

11 , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ), , ( ) : ; ; ; , , dpi , ( dpi) , , , ( , ) , , , , ( ) , ,

12 , ( , , ) , , , , , x , : , , , , , , , ( ) , , , USB , , ( ), , , , ( ) , , , ,

13 , ( ｪpage per minute) , : ) ; ; , , ; , ( ), , ; , ; , , : , dpi (dots per inch ); ( ); ; , , , , , , / ｪ

14 ( , ｪ ) ( , ) ( ) , ZIP ZIP Iomega, ZIP FDD, , / ZIP , ｪ , HiFD ZIP , HiFD Sony , JAZ , ZIP , Iomega JAZ , , , , ( ) ( , , , ), ( ) ( ). 1 7

15 , ( ) ( ) , , , ( , , ) ( ) , , ( ) ( /1 7) , ( , ) (1 71 7) SOFTWARE , , : , : 6ｦ ; 6ｦ ; 6ｦ ; 6ｦ

16 (1 71 7) , , ( , ), , / ｪ , , ( ) , , , ( ) , , : 6ｦ ( ) ; 6ｦ , : 6ｦ ( ) ; 6ｦ ; 6ｦ ( ); 6ｦ ; 6ｦ1 Case ; 6ｦ ,

17 , , , , , , , , : ; ( ); ; ; ; ; ; , , , , , , , , , , , , ( ) UNIX Linux : , Windows Microsoft

18 IBM , MS Windows 1.0, Windows 3.1, Windows 3.11, Windows 3.5, Windows 95, Windows NT 4.0, Windows 98, Windows 2000, Windows ME. Windows : , , Windows FAT , Windows , , , , , Windows 2000 Professional. Windows 2000 Professional , Windows Windows 2000 Professional : ; Windows NT; Windows 98; , (Total Cost of Ownership, TCO). 1 7 Windows Windows, " " ( , ) dock , , , ( ) , , Web. Windows 2000 Professional Windows NT: , ,

19 NTFS 5.0, , , (VPN), Kerberos , , , ( ) Windows 2000 Professional , Windows Windows NT Windows 2000 Professional , Win- 1 7 DOS , Windows NT, Windows 2000 Professional : , AGP, LJSB 1 7 JEEE 1394, DVD , , Windows NT Server, Novell NetWare UNIX. Windows Me. Windows Millennium Edition (Windows Me) ｪ , , , , ; , Windows Me Windows Me , , , Windows Me , ,

20 ｪ , Windows CE Windows 98 SE, Windows CE Word 1 7 Excel, MacOS imac (Macintosh Apple), Pentium Windows imac Mac MS Windows 1 7 DOS. MacOS PalmOS Palm, Windows CE Palm , PalmOS , BeOS , BeOS : PowerPC 1 7 Intel x , Windows 95/ Windows NT , Bfs, (application programming interface 1 7 API) 1 7 BeOS , , , , BeOS , , UNIX , , UNIX UNIX Bell Laboratories

21 AT&T UNIX , , ( ), , , UNIX , , ( , , ) , , , , " ", Linux Linux Linux , DOS 1 7 Windows Linux PC UNIX, Linux , UNIX, Linux , UNIX, Linux GNU (Free Software Foundation), : , , ( UNIX), JFS X Windows, TCP/IP, Emacs, UUCP, mail 1 7 USENET. Linux Web , Linux, Star Office MS Office

22 131 7 Linux (GUI 1 7 Graphics User Interface) X Window , : AfterStep, Wfwm, KDE, GNOME , , Desktop (" ") Linux Desktop Windows 95. OS/ OS/ : , MS-DOS, PC-DOS 1 7 Microsoft Windows ( WARP 3.0) IBM OS/ (GUI 1 7 Graphics User Interface) 1 7 Presentation Manager OS/ OS/2, , HPFS (High Performance File System ), B , , OS/ , , OS/ OS/ , , OS/ , : NetBIOS, IPX/SPX, TCP/IP OS/ MS-DOS 1 7 Windows , " " " " Windows OS/ Windows NT. Windows NT Microsoft, , RISC ( IBM). Windows NT Windows.

23 Windows NT DOS FAT, OS/ HPFS NTFS. Windows NT , , , , , WEB FTP Windows NT Intel x86, Windows 2000 Server , , , , Web , , Windows 2000 Server , Active Directory , , Active Directory Web , Windows 2000 Server, , Web ( , ) Windows 2000 Server Intranet. Windows 2000 Server (Independent Software Vendor, ISV) , , DCOM, , Windows 2000 Server Microsoft (SMP) Windows 2000 Advanced Server. Windows 2000 Advanced Server , Windows 2000 Server , ,

24 , (SMP) , , Windows 2000 Advanced Server , Windows 2000 Datacenter Server. Windows 2000 Datacenter Server , Microsoft (SMP) , Windows 2000 Advanced Server, , Windows 2000 Daiacenter Server (data warehouse), , , , Web Windows XP 64-bit Edition Microsoft Windows XP 64- Bit Edition, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

25 , , , , , Windows XP 64-Bit Edition Intel ItaniumTM , : Windows XP Windows XP 64-Bit Edition , , , , , , , Windows XP 64-Bit Edition Itanium , Windows XP 64-Bit Edition , , , Windows, Windows XP 64-Bit Edition , , Word PowerPoint , Windows XP 64-Bit Edition, Windows

26 , , , , , , , , : 6ｦ ; 6ｦ , , , , ; 6ｦ ; 6ｦ ; 6ｦ ; 6ｦ , ; 6ｦ ; 6ｦ ; 6ｦ Microsoft Word, Word Perfect ( Corel), , , , , , , PC Paintbrush, Boieng Graf, Fanvision ( , Corel DRAW, Adobe Photoshop 1 7 Adobe Illustrator) , PageMaker Adobe 1 7 V1 7ntura Publisher Corel , , ,

27 , Microsoft Excel, Lotus 1-2-3, Quattro Pro ｪｪ , , , , , , ( ) , , : , , , Microsoft Access, Microsoft. FoxPro, Oracle, Informix, Ingres, Sybase, Progress , : 6ｦ ; 6ｦ ; 6ｦ ; 6ｦ ; 6ｦ , , , , , : Framework, Startnave, Microsoft Office, Star Office. CASE CASE ,

28 , : , , : 6ｦ ( , , ); 6ｦ ; 6ｦ ; 6ｦ ( ) , , , : Web; ; , , , , , (1 71 7) , ( ) , , ,

29 , , ｪ , , , , , op , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

30 , , , , , , , , , o , , , , , , , , : , ,

31 , , , , ( ) , ( ) ｪ , , , ( ) , , , ｪ ( ), , ( ) a

32 , , , (Computer Aided design, CAD) (Computer Aided Software Engineering, CASE) , , , , , CAD 1 7 CASE ( ) , , ( ) , , , , , QBE (Query By Example) ( , Dbase) ( ), , , ( , Paradox, Access) , SQL (Structured Queries Language) :

33 136ｦｪ ( ), , , ; 6ｦ : , ; 6ｦ , (SQL, Visual Basic, ObjectPAL ); 6ｦ ( , , , , ) ; 6ｦ ( HTML, , , , ); 6ｦｪ , ; 6ｦｪ ( ), , ( ); 6ｦ OLE 2.0; 6ｦ ; 6ｦ SQL (SQL ); 6ｦ , Access, Paradox 1 7 Approach , Oracle, Informix, IBM, Sybase Approach for Windows, , Paradox 1 7 Access Approach, Paradox 1 7 Access : 6ｦ , , , , ; 6ｦ , , ｪ (Wizards) 1 7 Access, (Assistants) 1 7 Approach (Experts) 1 7 Paradox; 6ｦ (Windows NT 3.51, Novell NetWare 4.1);

34 136ｦ OLE ( , , ); 6ｦ Approach, Paradox, Access: 6ｦ1 1 7 Approach, Paradox 1 7 Access, SQL, ; 6ｦ1 1 7 Access SQL ; 6ｦ1 1 7 Approach Lotus Script (1 7 Paradox ｪ ObjectPAL, u Access ｪ Visual Basic); 6ｦ1 Visual Basic 1 7 Access , Microsoft Office, ; 6ｦ1 1 7 Access , , , , ｪ , , , HTML Web : ｪ , , , , IBM, Informix 1 7 Oracle. 1 7 IBM DB AIX 1 7 OS/ Oracle Oracle Universal Server, Oracle ( )

35 13(Web, , , ), Oracle Informix Universal Server Microsoft OLE DB, Microsoft SQL Server ( ) Sybase , , (Adaptive- Server) ｪ , , : DB2 (IBM), Informix Online Dynamic (Informix), Navigation Server (Sybase) AdabasD (Software AG) Oracle , , ( ), DB2 (IBM), DSA (Informix) , Data Warehousing, OnLine Analytical Processing (OLAP), Data Mining Data Warehousing , , , ,

36 , , , , , (OLTP ), , (Data Warehouse 1 7 DW), , DW "Building the Data Warehouse" Data Warehousing, , , , , , , , , , DW , , , , : ; ; ; ( , , ); , ( , ) , , , , ,

37 " " (star) " " (snowflake) , n , , , , ( ) , , " ", " " , , , " ", , , : (enterprise data warehouses) (data marts) , , ; , , , , ( ) ,

38 , ( ) DW: ; / ; ; ; ; DW: , DW , , , , , , , Microsoft Microsoft Data Warehousing Framework ｨC Microsoft ( , Microsoft SQL Server 7.0), , Microsoft Data Warehousing Framework , , , : Arbor; Hewlett-Packard; IBM; Informix; Microsoft; Oracle; Platinum Technology; SAS Institute; Software AG; Sybase

39 Internet, OLAP , , , OLAP OLAP , " " OLAP OnLine Analytical Processing, FASMI (Fast Analysis of Shared Multidimensional Information ), , OLAP : ; ; ; ; , , OLAP , OLAP , OLAP , , (Cubes) [L1][L2](dimensions) , , , ,

40 , (Measures) , , , , " " , ( , ) , , ( ) , OLAP , , ( ) , OLAP , OLAP OLAP , , OLAP , ( , , ) , , Microsoft, OLAP OLAP : (OLAP ) MOLAP (Multidimensional OLAP) , , , , ROLAP (Relational OLAP) (star) (snowflake), , , ROLAP HOLAP (Hybrid OLAP),

41 , ( ) Microsoft OLAP : Microsoft SQL Server OLAP SQL Server OLAP Services , , , , SQL Server ODBC OLE DB SQL OLAP Microsoft OLE DB for OLAP MDX (MultiDimensional expression) , OLE DB ADO (ActiveX Data Objects), OLE DB for OLAP ADO MD (MultiDimensional ADO) Microsoft Office Microsoft Excel OLAP PivotTable, , PivotTable OLAP , OLAP Microsoft SQL Server 7.0, , OLE DB for OLAP Excel , PivotTable Services (PTS) , OLAP , OLAP Microsoft Office ActiveX , Office 2000 Web Components, OLAP Web : Spreadsheet Excel. PivotTable 1 7 " " Excel; OLAP Services. Chart , , OLAP Data Source OLAP Web Components PivotTable Services.

42 Data Mining Data Mining , , Data Mining (verification-driven data mining) , (online analytical processing 1 7 OLAP) Data Mining , , , Data Mining data mining , " " , Data Mining , Data Mining

43 OLAP 1 7 Data Mining OLAP ? Data Mining , ? ( )? ? , , , ? ? Data Mining , , , , ( ) Data Mining , , , Data Mining , , Data Mining , , , ( ) , , : , ?03.

44 Data Mining Data Mining , , , Data Mining : , , , , Data Mining Data Mining:

45 , , , , , , , , , , DM , SAS, SPSS, STATISTICA, STATGRAPHICS (Data Mining 1 7 DM) SQL Server SQL Server Microsoft OLAP, ( ) , , OLAP , Fast-food : " ?" , , , , , , OLAP, , , DM , Analysis Services , , , SQL Server DM (API), OLE DB for Data Mining (OLE DB for DM) SQL Server DM, , ,

46 , , , , ( ), , , , , ( ) : ( ), , , , , , , , , , ( , , ) (1 71 7) : , , ( ) ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ) ( , ).

47 ( ), ( ), , ( ) ; , , ( ) , , , , : , , , , , , , , , ; : , , , , , , : , , , ,

48 , , , , , , , , , , ( , ) , , , , , , , , , , , ; , , : ,

49 , ( ) ( ) , , , , , , , , , , : ; ; ; ; , , 01, , , : , ,

50 : ; ; , , , 01, ; , , , , : , , : UPC ; EAN ; UPC , (EAN International). UCC/EAN ; (Uniform Code Council) 1 7 EAN International. EAN 1 7 UCC/EAN , : UPC-12, EAN-13, EAN-14, EAN-8, UCC/EAN-128 (Code 39). UPC : ;

51 , ; EAN : , , , ; ; EAN ; : , , EAN , , EAN-13, , , , EAN Code , , , (-. $ / + % ). Code , Code UCC/EAN , ; : , (1 7, ), , , , , UCC/EAN , UPC-12, EAN-13, EAN-14, EAN , EAN EAN EAN EAN International UCC/EAN- 128 (Code 39)

52 , , , ( ), , , , , , , , , , , ( , , , , , ) ( ), , , : ; ,

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