, [g/cm 3 ] [m/s] 1 6 [kg m 2 s 1 ] ,58 1, ,56 1, , ,58 1,

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1 pp * k, Yj; Hz [kg m 2 s 1 ] [g/cm 3 ] 34 [m/s] [kg m 2 s 1 ] 1 [g/cm 3 ] 1,48 [m/s] 1, ,5 1 Tutorial on the underwater or medical ultrasound transducer. Shinichi Takeuchi Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Toin Uniersity of Yokohama, Yokohama, shin1@toin.ac.jp khz 1 khz 1 [1] 3.

2 , [g/cm 3 ] [m/s] 1 6 [kg m 2 s 1 ] ,58 1, ,56 1, , ,58 1, ,7 3, ,9 2, , SONAR SOund NAigation and Ranging [1] 2 khz khz khz 1 mm

3 HS khz B

4 B mm PZT PZT Q m tan δ PZT Low Q Q m tan δ PZT High Q Q Q PT 1 2 [2 5]

5 D = ε S E + es 1 T = c E S ee 2 D E T S ε S c E e e Newton 3 [2 5] ρ 2 ξ t 2 = T x Newton T 1 T E i 4 6 [2 5] T 2 = φ E j jz ωc sin 1 2 j 2 Z tan 2 = j + jz ωc sin 1 j + jz ωc sin j Z tan 2 + φ E 4 2 T 1 = j + jz ωc sin j Z tan 1 j + jz 2 ωc sin 2 + φ E 5 i = φ 1 φ 2 + jω C E 6 j + jz jz tan j + jz φ ωc 2 ωc T 1 sin sin T 2 = j + jz j + jz 1 jz i tan φ 2 ωc ωc 2 sin sin E φ φ jωc 7 φ = e ε C S = S A,C = ε S SA,q = D 1 S A,c D = c E + e2 l l ε S 7 7 Mason 4.2 Z b = ρ b c b Z b = ρ b c b F F A B C D 8 [5]

6 269 [ ] [ ] A TR B TR = 1 φ 1 j 2 ωc C TR D TR φ Q jω C } + jz B sin Z {z B + { } jz B sin Z Q = 1+jz B sin, z b = Z B Z 1.5 MRayl I II II I Z 1 = ρ 1 c 1 II Z 2 = ρ 2 c 2 7 Mason [2 5] R p T p 9 1 R I T I [6] R p = Z 2 Z 1 Z 1 + Z 2 9 T p = 2 Z 2 Z 1 + Z Z2 Z 1 R I = 11 Z 1 + Z 2 T I = 4 Z 1 Z 2 Z 1 + Z Mason Z b = ρ b c b 4.3 C6 31 MRayl kgm 2s 1 31 MRayl C6 I 1.5 MRayl II 91% 82% II 9% 18% 1 I II Z ML II

7 Mason Z b = ρ b c b [4] 1 I II 11 T I =4 1 Z1 Z ML 2 1+tan 2 θ ML 2 Z1 Z Z ML 2 tan 2 θ ML Z 2 Z ML Z 2 13 θ ML = ML =2π lml, c ML λ ML Z ML = Z 1 Z 2 II T I 13 [4] 13 Z ML = Z 1 Z 2 T I 4 1 II T I =1 4 1 [3] 11 [3] F 14 [ ] A ML B ML C ML = h D ML ML ML ML Z ML ML jz ML sin ML ML ML ML 14 9 Mason F 14

8 271 [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] A B A TR B TR A 1 B 1 A 2 B 2 A n B n = C D C TR D TR C 1 D 1 C 2 D 2 C n D n = 1 1 j ω C φ Q jω C + jz B sin Z TR {z B { 2 Z 1 1 jz 1 sin Z n jz 2 sin n n n Z } 1 + jz B sin Z n } n jz n sin n n 15 n 13 Z ML = Z 1 Z 2 13 I II Goll Souquet Desilets [7 9] 2 Desilets 12 C-6 Sittig [5] 13 12

9 Goll Souquet Desilets Z Z 3 M Z 2 Z 3 M Z ZM Z Z 2 M 3 Z Z 2 M 7 Z 4 ZM 3 7 Z ZM Goll Z ML =7.8MRayl Souquet Z ML =5.7MRayl Desilets Z ML = 4.1MRayl 13 Desilets Z Z M Z ML = Z Z M Goll [1],,, 1974, pp [ 2 ] G.S. Kino, Acoustic waes: Deice, Imaging, and Analog Signal Processing Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, [ 3 ] J.F. Rosenbaum, Bulk Acoustic Wae Theory and Deice Artec House, Norwood, MA, [4],,, [ 5 ] E.K. Sittig, Effect of bonding and electrode layers on the transmission parameters of piezoelectric transducers used in ultrasonic digital delay lines, IEEE Trans. Sonics Ultrason., SU-16, [6],,, 1976, pp [ 7 ] J.H. Goll, The design of broad-band fluid-loaded ultrasonic transducers, IEEE Trans. Sonics Ultrason., SU-26, [ 8 ] J. Souquet, P. Defranould and J. Desbois, Design of low-loss wide-band ultrasonic transducer for noninasie medical application, IEEE Trans. Sonics Ultrason., SU-26, [ 9 ] C.S. Desilets, J.D. Fraser and G.S. Kino, The design of efficient broad-band piezoelectric transducer, IEEE Trans. Sonics Ultrason., SU-25,

64 3 g=9.85 m/s 2 g=9.791 m/s 2 36, km ( ) 1 () 2 () m/s : : a) b) kg/m kg/m k

63 3 Section 3.1 g 3.1 3.1: : 64 3 g=9.85 m/s 2 g=9.791 m/s 2 36, km ( ) 1 () 2 () 3 9.8 m/s 2 3.2 3.2: : a) b) 5 15 4 1 1. 1 3 14. 1 3 kg/m 3 2 3.3 1 3 5.8 1 3 kg/m 3 3 2.65 1 3 kg/m 3 4 6 m 3.1. 65 5