FUJITSU's Guide to Japanese

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1 1. Numbers 0 / zero/rei ,000 10,000 ichi juu hyaku sen ichi-man , ,000 ni ni-juu ni-hyaku ni-sen juu-man ,000 1,000,000 san san-juu san-byaku san-zen hyaku-man ,000 10,000,000 / yon/shi yon-juu yon-hyaku yon-sen is-sen-man , ,000,000 go go-juu go-hyaku go-sen ichi-oku 0 00,000 roku roku-juu rop-pyaku roku-sen 0 00,000 / nana/shichi nana-juu nana-hyaku nana-sen ,000 hachi hachi-juu hap-pyaku has-sen ,000 / kyuu/ku kyuu-juu kyuu-hyaku kyuu-sen 81

2 2. Dates MonthsQNan-gatsuWhat month ichi-gatsu ni-gatsu san-gatsu shi-gatsu go-gatsu roku-gatsu January February March April May June shichi-gatsu hachi-gatsu ku-gatsu juu-gatsu juu-ichi-gatsu juu-ni-gatsu July August September October November December Days of the weekqnan-yoobiwhat day of the week nichi-yoobi getsu-yoobi ka-yoobi sui-yoobi moku-yoobi kin-yoobi do-yoobi Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday DaysQNan-nichiWhat day of the month 1Regular From 11 th to 31 st we add nichiafter the number, except 14 th, 20 th and 24 th. Ex. 11 juu-ichi nichi 2Irregular 1 tsuitachi 10 tooka 2 futsuka 14 juu-yokka 3 mikka 20 hatsuka 4 yokka 24 ni-juu-yokka 5 itsuka muika nanoka 8 yooka 9 kokonoka When saying or writing dates in Japanese, you start with the largest figure the monthand work down to the smallest one the day. 82

3 Adverbs of time day week month year / kinoo kyoo ashita/asu yesterday today tomorrow Japanese National Holidays sen-shuu kon-shuu rai-shuu last week this week next week sen-getsu kon-getsu rai-getsu last month this month next month kyo-nen kotoshi rai-nen last year this year next year January 1 st ganjitsu New Year's Day the 2 nd Monday of January seejin no hi Coming-of-Age Day February 11 th March 21 st kenkoku-kinen no hi National Foundation Day shunbun no hi Vernal Equinox Day April 29 th shoowa no hi Showa Day May 3 rd kenpoo-kinenbi Constitution Day May 4 th midori no hi Greenery Day May 5 th kodomo no hi Children's Day the 3 rd Monday of July umi no hi Marine Day the 3 rd Monday of September keeroo no hi Respect for the Aged Day September 23 rd shuubun no hi Autumnal Equinox Day the 2 nd Monday of October taiiku no hi Health and Sports Day November 3 rd bunka no hi Culture Day November 23 rd December 23 rd Varies from year to year. kinroo-kansha no hi tennoo-tanjoobi Labor Thanksgiving Day Emperor's Birthday 83

4 3. Time a.m. gozenp.m. gogo ichi-ji ji ni-ji san-ji yo-ji go-ji roku-ji shichi-ji hachi-ji ku-ji juu-ji juu-ichi-ji juu-ni-ji nan-ji fun/pun ip-pun Examples ni-fun 9 3 san-pun yon-pun 0 go-fun 9 3 rop-pun nana-fun 911 hap-pun 9 3 kyuu-fun jup-pun 100 a.m. juu-ip-pun 9 3 juu-ni-fun nan-pun 100 p.m. shichi-ji nana-fun ku-ji juu-ip-pun gozen ichi-ji gogo ichi-ji The Chinese character " " is pronounced either fun or pun depending on the preceding sound. Periods of time 1 / fun/punkanfor minutes ni-jup-punkan 20 minutes go-funkan 5 minutes 2 jikanfor hours ni-jikan 2 hours san-jikan 3 hours 84

5 4. Interrogative words nan nani itsu doko dare donata doo ikaga donna what when where who who more polite how how more polite What kind of N Nihongo de nan desu ka. What is this called in Japanese Nani o tabemasu ka. What will you eat Itsu Kobe e ikimasu ka. When will you go to Kobe Hoteru wa doko desu ka. Where is the hotel Ano hito wa dare desu ka. Ano kata wa donata desu ka. Who is that person Kobe wa doo deshita ka. Kobe wa ikaga deshita ka. How did you find Kobe Tokyo wa donna machi desu ka. What kind of city is Tokyo dooshite why Dooshite Nihon e kimashita ka. Why did you come to Japan ikura ikutsu dore dochira how much how many which among many which between two Kono mizu wa ikura desu ka. How much is this bottle of water Keeki o ikutsu kaimasu ka. How many cakes will you buy Dore o kaimasu ka. Which will you buy Shiroi no to akai no to dochira ga suki desu ka. Which do you prefer, the white one or the red one 85

6 5. Adjectives i-adjectives ookii big, large omoshiroi interesting chiisai small oishii delicious atarashii new tanoshii enjoyable furui old chikai near, close iiyoi good tooi far warui bad hayai early, fast atsui hot osoi slow, late samui cold hoshii want tsumetai cool hiroi wide, spacious muzukashii difficult semai narrow, small yasashii easy abunai dangerous takai expensive sugoi great yasui cheap subarashii wonderful takai high, tall isogashii busy hikui low na-adjectives kirei-na clean, beautiful benri-na handy, useful shizuka-na quiet suteki-na nice yuumei-na famous kantan-na easy shinsetsu-na kind taisetsu-na precious, valuable genki-na healthy, lively taihen-na terrible hima-na not busy 8

7 . Adverbs Adverbs come before verbs when they modify them. Degree adverb affirmative adverb negative high yoku well daitai mostly sukoshi a little amari not so low zenzen not at all Ex. Nihongo ga yoku wakarimasu. I understand Japanese well. Amount Nihongo ga sukoshi wakarimasu. I understand Japanese a little. Nihongo ga amari wakarimasen. I don't understand Japanese so well. adverb affirmative adverb negative large takusan many/a lot of sukoshi a few amari not so small zenzen not at all Ex. Hito ga takusan imasu. There are many people. Hito ga zenzen imasen. There are no people. sukoshi, amari and zenzen also modify adjectives. Ex. Ano hon wa zenzen omoshiro-ku nai desu. That book is not interesting at all. 8

8 . Verb conjugation & usage of different forms masu-form Group Dictionary form nai-form ta-form te-form kaki masu kaku kaka nai kaita kaite iki masu iku ika nai itta itte isogi masu isogu isoga nai isoida isoide nomi masu nomu noma nai nonda nonde yobi masu yobu yoba nai yonda yonde tsukuri masu tsukuru tsukura nai tsukutta tsukutte tsukai masu tsukau tsukawa nai tsukatta tsukatte mochi masu motsu mota nai motta motte naoshi masu naosu naosa nai naoshita naoshite Group tabe masu taberu tabe nai tabeta tabete Group mi masu miru mi nai mita mite shi masu suru shi nai shita shite ki masu kuru ko nai kita kite write go hurry drink call make use hold repair eat see do come The subsequent phrases in the tables on the next page show those ones that follow the five verb conjugation forms in the above table. 88

9 masu-form Subsequent phrases Examples Lesson mashoo masen ka ni ikimasu tai desu Dictionary form koto ga dekimasu nai-form naide kudasai ta-form ta koto ga arimasu tari, tari shimasu. te-form te kudasai te imasu te imasu Tenpura o tabe ni ikimashoo. Let's go for tempura. Issho ni ikimasen ka. Why don't we go together Tenpura o tabe ni ikimasu. I'm going to eat tempura. TCS TCS o kengaku-shitai desu. I want to tour TCS. Saaba ya sutoreeji no seezoo katee o miru koto ga dekimasu ka. Can you see the production of servers and storage systems Tatanai de kudasai. Please don't stand up. Augusuburugu no koojoo e itta koto ga arimasu. I have been to the Augsburg factory. TCS 'Kee' o mitari, TCS e ittari shimashita. We could see the K computer and go to TCS. Chotto matte kudasai. Please wait a moment. be V-ing Robii de matte imasu. I'm waiting in the lobby. habitual action Kawasaki Frontale o ooen-shite imasu. We support Kawasaki Frontale

10 8. The Syllabus Lesson Title of Dialogues Grammar notes Hajimemashite. How do you do Sore wa Nihongo de nan desu ka. What is that called in Japanese Shinagawa-eki made onegai-shimasu. To Shinagawa Station, please. Hasegawa-buchoo wa irasshaimasu ka. Is General Manager Hasegawa there Itadakimasu. I shall start. Ohisashiburi desu. It's been a long time. Chotto matte kudasai. Please wait a moment. Iroiro arigatoo gozaimashita. Thank you very much for everything. 1. N 1 wa N 2 desu / dewa arimasen 2. N 1 no N san 4. N 1 wa N 2 desu ka 5. N mo 1. Demonstrative words for things 1kore, sore, are 2kono, sono, ano 2. Adjectives 1. Demonstrative pronouns and adjectives 2. N 1 kara N 2 made place/time 3. Time 4. Ikura 5. V masu-form. Inflection of V masu-form. N placee 8. N vehiclede 9. N timeni 1. wa doo deshita ka 2. Inflection of 'desu' with N or Na 3. Inflection of A 4. N 1 personwa N 2 placeni imasu 5. Honorific words 1. N o V transitive 2. N ga arimasu 3. Quantifiers 4. N ni shimasu 5. V masu-form / N ni ikimasu. V mashoo 1. o 2. Moo V mashita 3. V masen ka 4. N ga suki desu 5. N ga hoshii desu. V masu-form tai desu 1. Verb conjugation 2. Verb groups 3. V te-form 4. V te-form kudasai 5. V te-form imasu. V nai-form. V nai-form de kudasai 1. V ta-form 2. V ta-form koto ga arimasu 3. V dic. form 4. N/V dic. form koto ga dekimasu 5. V ta-form tari, V ta-form tari shimasu 90

11 Related words & expressions KokusekiKotobaKuni Nationality, Language & Country ShokugyooOccupation Hello! We are Fujitsu Column IroColors KatachiShapes "Raku-Raku" Smartphones for Elderly Users JosuushiCounter suffixes New Service Value created through Location Data An Application of Big Data DenwaPhone 1. Voice Mail Service 2. Emergency Numbers "K computer" achieved through Fujitsu's DNA for advanced computer development TabemonoFoods AjiTaste The Stable Delivery of Crops through the Agriculture Cloud Nihon no sekai-isan World Heritage Sites in Japan Fujitsu Trusted Cloud Square TCS SupootsuSports Contributing to the Local Community through Sports Nihon no nenchuu-gyooji Japanese Annual Events Fujitsu's Dedication to "Monozukuri" manufacturing innovation 91

FUJITSU's Guide to Japanese

FUJITSU's Guide to Japanese Lesson 8 Iroiro arigatoo gozaimashita. Thank you very much for everything. Dialogue 1. Ms. Sato, Mr. Schmidt and Ms. Kim are in conversation. They are talking about whether they have been to the Augsburg