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1 Validity of height estimation of Hinoki cypress using soil moisture indices based on the digital terrain model in Utsunomiya University Forests at Funyu Hidekazu EHARA, Keigo MATSUE, Yasuhiro SHUIN, Mineaki AIZAWA, Tatsuhiro OHKUBO 1 Department of Forest Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, , Tochigi, Japan ABSTRACT In order to obtain basic information to construct the feasible method for workers to estimate quantitatively the suitable topographical site for Hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) plantation, we assessed the validity of the tree height estimation using topographical factors based on the digital terrain model in Utsunomiya University forest at Funyu. We used two variables of topographical factor, the topographic wetness index (TWI) and the convexity, as estimators of soil moisture, at seven grades of resolution. We conducted the simple and multiple regression analyses using these two as explanatory variables and the height of Hinoki cypress trees, calculated from LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data, as a response variable. As the results, we found that valid resolution and topographical factor to estimate the height of the trees were the convexity at 35m 35m resolution. The higher the resolution is, the more we cannot obtain a better estimation of height of the trees using the convexity. This implied that the convexity calculated at 35m 35m resolution fit well real geographic feature in the survey site. In contrast, the effect of TWI on height of the trees was quite weak. This suggested that the computation algorithm of TWI we used was insufficient; soil moisture does not restrict the growth of Hinoki cypress against our hypothesized; and other topographical factors except soil moisture was necessity for more accurate estimation. Keywords: convexity, digital terrain analysis, height of tree, Hinoki cypress, topographic wetness index (TWI)

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5 船生演習林ヒノキ人工林における数値地形モデルに基づいた土壌水分指標による樹高推定の有効性 13 像度で決定係数が最大値をとった 表3 すなわち 35m 35mの解像度が凹凸度から樹高を推定する上で は 最も有効な解像度であった R 2=0.466 p< TWIと凹凸度は強い相関関係が見られなかったこと から 各解像度においてTWIと凹凸度を説明変数 樹 高を目的変数として重回帰分析を行ったその結果 どの解像度においても変数間の回帰式は統計的に有意 であった 表4 各解像度と決定係数の関係をみる と 35m 35mの解像度で決定係数が最大値をとった すなわち 35m 35mの解像度がTWIと凹凸度から樹 高を推定する上では 最も有効な解像度であった 各説明変数の樹高への影響度 R 2=0.473 p< を偏回帰係数のt値を基に評価すると TWIより凹凸 度の影響度が大きかった TWI : t=1.59 p= ; 凹 表4 凸度:t=10.62 p< 表4 樹高と地形因子 Topographic wetness indexおよ び凹凸度 の重回帰分析の結果 図5 各解像度におけるグリッドごとの凹凸度の分布 右列最下段は等高線図を示す 2 樹高生長に及ぼす地形因子の影響 各解像度においてTWIを説明変数 樹高を目的変 数として単回帰分析を行った結果 どの解像度におい ても変数間の回帰式は統計的に有意であった 表3 表3 樹高と地形因子 Topographic wetness indexおよ び凹凸度 の単回帰分析の結果 考察 1 有効な地形因子と解像度の検討 単回帰分析を行った結果 TWIと凹凸度では樹高 を推定する上での有効な解像度が異なったそれぞれ 有効な解像度における決定係数の値をみると TWI によって樹高は20.1 説明可能であり 凹凸度によっ 図6 各解像度と決定係数の関係をみると 30m 30mの解 像度で決定係数が最大値をとった 表3 すなわち 30m 30mの解像度がTWIから樹高を推定する上で は 最も有効な解像度であった R 2=0.201 p< 各解像度において凹凸度を説明変数 樹高を目的変 数として単回帰分析を行った結果 どの解像度におい ても変数間の回帰式は統計的に有意であった 表3 各解像度と決定係数の関係をみると 35m 35mの解 35m 35mの解像度における樹高と凹凸度の関係 て樹高は46.6 説明可能であったこれより 樹高の 推定には凹凸度がより有効であることが示唆される 図6 さらに 重回帰分析の結果において 35m 35mの解像度が最も有効であり 樹高の推定に凹凸度 が寄与する割合はかなり大きかったこの時の決定係 数は0.473であり 35m 35mの解像度における樹高と 凹凸度の単回帰分析の結果と決定係数に大きな差はな かったしたがって 35m 35mの解像度においては 樹高を推定する上でTWIの影響はかなり小さいことが 示唆されるよって 本研究では ヒノキの樹高を定

6 Beven, K.J. & Kirkby, M.J.: A physically based, vari-

7 able contributing area model of basin hydrology, Hydrol. Sci. Bull., 23, p Beven, J.:TOPMODEL: a critique, Hydrol. Process, 11, p McNab, W.H.: A topographic index to quantify the effect of mesoscale landforms on site productivity. Can. J. For. Res., 23, p Mitsuda,Y., Ito,S.& Sakamoto,S.: Predicting the site index of sugi plantations from GIS-derived environmental factors in Miyazaki Prefecture, J. For. Res., 12, p Sørensen, R., Zinko, U., and Seibert, J.: On the calculation of the topographic wetness index: evaluation of different methods based on field observations, Hydrol. Earth Sys. Sci. Discuss., 2, p Zushi, K.: Regional estimation of Japanese cedar Cryptomeria japonica D.Don productivity by use of digital terrain analysis, J. For. Res., 12, p

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