H ／高松大学研究紀要(第56・57合併号).indb
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1 研究紀要 予算制度に関するタフト委員会の思考 川 紘 宗 Study on Taft commission thought for the budget system Hironori Kawasaki 要約 本稿では アメリカ連邦政府における予算制度の改革運動の進展を決定づけた 経済 性と効率性に関する大統領委員会 Presidential Committee on Economy and Efficiency 以下 タフト委員会と呼ぶ の提案を考察する 考察に際しては タフト委員会 の報 告書を利用した この報告書の分析を通じて 予算制度に関するタフト委員会の思考の一 端を明らかにする キーワード タフト委員会 大統領 歳出予算法 予算 予算報告書 経済性と効率性 Abstract This paper considered the Presidential Committee on Economy and Efficiency called the Taft Commission which played an important role in budget reform in the USA. A report of the Taft Commission was used for this study. This paper opens a window on the Taft Commission s impact on the budget system in the U.S. Keywords : Taft commission, President, Act of Appropriation, Budget, Budget Statement, Economy and Efficiency はじめに 連邦政府の機能の増大と対外進出に起因する支出の増大は 予算概念の変革をもたら しつつあった 予算制度の改革運動は 州および地方政府での行財政改革により促進さ れた とりわけ ニューヨーク市政調査会 New York Bureau of Municipal Research は 予算制度の改革運動の先駆的な役割を果たしたと言われている この市政調査会の主 要なメンバーであったF. A. Cleavelandが委員長を務めた 経済性と効率性に関する大統 領委員会 Presidential Committee on Economy and Efficiency 以下 タフト委員会 81
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19 表４ Budget Statement No. 7. summary of estimated expenditures of Government funds for the ensuing year and of allotments for the current year, compared with the actual expenditures for three years past, grouped by units of organization. Unit of organization. Reference to Book of Estimates. Estimates for Total The Congress: Senate, including Vice President House of Representatives Joint Committees and Commission Capitol Buildings and Grounds Capitol Police Government Printing Office Library of Congress National Botanic Garden The President: The Executive Office Railroad Securities Commission The Judiciary: Supreme Court Court of customs Appeals Executive Departments: States Navy Allotments for Expenditures for 出所 Report of the Commission on Economy and Efficiency on the Subject of the Need for a National Budget 1912 p.180の挿入表を筆者が修正 ７ ３ ２ 予算報告書 Budget Statement No. 8. 予算報告書 Budget Statement No. 8.の目的は 組織および歳出予算配分の請求書の 単位での歳出と当期の歳出配分承認と次期の見積額とを比較した情報を提示することであ る この報告書の具体的な形式は 表５ に示されている 表５ の最初の欄を見ても わかるように 表４ の予算報告書 Budget Statement No. 7.よりも組織単位が詳細に 分けられている 38 この報告書の価値は 組織の様々な目的の遂行のための異なる歳出予算配分の請求書を 通じて その組織と関係する支出額の次期の見積額 当期の歳出配分承認の額 過年度の 実際の支出額を示すことができる点にある 例えば 表５ のestimates for 1913の総額 の部分では989,783,216.55ドルであるがこれは政府全体の歳出の承認のための基礎となる 38 Report of the Commission on Economy and Efficiency on the Subject of the Need for a National Budget 1912 p
20 表５ Budget Statement No. 8. Comparative statement of estimates for 1913, appropriations for 1912, and expenditures for 1911, showing for each organization unit the amount carried by each annual bill and by each class of other acts of appropriation. ESTIMATES, APPROPRIATIONS, AND EXPENDITURES OF GOVERNMENT FUNDS. Totals by bills. Page of Book of Estimate Total The Congress: Senate, including Vice President Legislative, executive, and Judicial bill Deficiency bills House of Representatives Joint Committees and Commission Capitol Buildings and grounds Capitol Police Amounts covered by estimates. Page of Page of 1913 Digest of 1912 report of Appropriations expenditures. 1, 008, 602, 989, 783, , 009, , , , , 15, 88 12, 19, 35 16, 25 出所 Report of the Commission on Economy and Efficiency on the Subject of the Need for a National Budget 1912 p.182の挿入表を筆者が修正 額である そして 1912年に実際に歳出配分承認された額が1,008,602,850.63ドル 1911年 に実際に支出された歳出額が902,009,656.70ドルである 同様の比較を各組織単位で行う ことができる また 1913年の見積額と1912年の歳出配分承認の額との相違について詳細 に知りたい場合は Page of Book of Estimate 歳出予算見積書 およびPage of Digest of Appropriations 歳出予算配分の要約 の欄に掲載されているページを参照することに より さらに情報を得ることができる 39 ７ ３ ３ 予算報告書 Budget Statement No. 9. 予算報告書 Budget Statement No. 9.は 各組織によって遂行された事業の性質およ びコストに関する問題に答えるための報告書である この報告書より前に述べた報告書 では 政府機関によって遂行された事業の性質に関して示唆されることはなかった 政策 の決定を行う者の責任は遂行された種々の事業およびそのコストを素早く把握することで 39 Report of the Commission on Economy and Efficiency on the Subject of the Need for a National Budget 1912 p
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23 表８ Budget Statement No. 11. Recapitulation of estimates for 1913 and expenditures for 1911, by functions and units of organization. ESTIMATES AND EXPENDITURES OF GOVERNMENT FUNDS. Functions and units of organization. Grand total General functions The Congress: The President, including Executive boards and Commissions: The Judiciary: Executive departments: Other Government establishments: National defense By land By sea Expenditures on account of past wars Civil function Reference to supporting schedules. Amounts covered by estimates 出所 Report of the Commission on Economy and Efficiency on the Subject of the Need for a National Budget 1912 p.189の挿入表を筆者が修正 ７ ３ ６ 予算報告書 Budget Statement No. 12. 将来への投資としての建物や備品の取得額に関して 特定の機能や事業のための歳出予 算配分がどのような状態であるのかという政策問題に答えるための報告書が予算報告書 Budget Statement No. 12.である その形式は次頁の 表９ に示されている 44 ７ ３ ７ 予算報告書 Budget Statement No. 13. 特定の歳出が年次の見積りと通常の歳出配分承認の請求によるものなのか それとも 長期の借入れ または周期的に生じる予算配分承認によるものなのか これらの内で何を 採用するかによって行政官は一期間の政策を確立することができる それゆえ 予算報告 44 Report of the Commission on Economy and Efficiency on the Subject of the Need for a National Budget 1912 p
24 Total Expenses. Fixed charges. Contingencies and losses. Total. Capital outlays. Buildings Land. and other improvements. Character of expenditure. 出所 Report of the Commission on Economy and Efficiency on the Subject of the Need for a National Budget 1912 p.191の挿入表を筆者が修正 General accounting and auditing. Administration of the public debt and payments on account of the public debt. Custody of public funds Collection of revenues Administration of the national finances. Legal advice and representation. Detection of crimes and offenses and collection of evidence. Adjudication. Executive direction and control. Legislation. General Functions Grand total Functions. Page of comparative summary Equipment and other. 表９ Budget Statement No. 12. Recapitulation of estimates for 1913 and of expenditures for 1911, by functions and character of expenditures. ESTIMATES AND EXPENDITURES OF GOVERNMENT FUNDS.
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26 表11 Book of Estimates-Statement No.7.-Recapitulation of estimates for 1913 and expenditures for 1911, by appropriation bills and units of organization. Reference to detail statement No.4. Appropriation bills and units of organization. Legislative, executive, and judicial bill The Congress: Senate, including Vice President National Botanic Garden The President, including Executive boards and commissions-the Executive office The Judiciary: Executive departments: Other Government establishments: Districts and Territories: Estimates for Expenditures for 出所 Report of the Commission on Economy and Efficiency on the Subject of the Need for a National Budget 1912 p.199の挿入表を筆者が修正 ⅱ 組織の機能と単位 請求書ごとの要約 二つ目の要約表は すべての単一の事業活動に関して要約したもので 各事業活動が 組織の部署ごとに以下のように羅列される なお この要約表は予算報告書 Budget Statement No. 11.の内訳を示すものである 47 表12 Book of Estimates-Statement No.2, Schedule XI.-Promotion of transportation and communication other than postal service Page of Book of Estimates. Functions and units of organization. Grand total Promotion of navigation Providing charts, sailing directions, and the like Engineer Corps, War Department Cost and Geodetic Survey, Department of Commerce and Labor Providing, maintaining, and improving public facilities for navigation Other-International Congresses of Navigation, War Department Estimates and expenditures of Government funds. Estimates for Expenditures for Promotion of land transportation and communication 出所 Report of the Commission on Economy and Efficiency on the Subject of the Need for a National Budget 1912 p.200の挿入表を筆者が修正 47 Report of the Commission on Economy and Efficiency on the Subject of the Need for a National Budget 1912 p
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