I ) 2) 40 3) HGU Hak Guna Usaha HGB Hak Guna Bangunan HGU/HGB 5 Pahan 2006: 13 4) Pahan 2006 Colchester et al NGO

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "I ) 2) 40 3) HGU Hak Guna Usaha HGB Hak Guna Bangunan HGU/HGB 5 Pahan 2006: 13 4) Pahan 2006 Colchester et al NGO"

えりかいんそん
5 years ago
Views:

1 インドネシアにおける農園事業許可法令の変遷 * * Historical Shift in Regulations on Plantation Business Permits in Indonesia Nagata Junji* and Koizumi Yusuke* Abstract On the Outer Islands of Indonesia the plantation sector, especially the oil palm plantation sector, has expanded dramatically in the past 40 years. One of the main factors affecting the industrial organization of the plantation sector is the government s policy and institutional framework. Among the laws and regulations determining plantation development and activities, the regulations on plantation business permits have functioned as the policy instrument to directly govern the activities of the plantation business and shape the direction of the sector s industrial organization. Between 1996 and 2013, five regulations on plantation business permits were enacted. This paper discusses the changing nature of the regulations from the viewpoint of policy intervention in the organization of the plantation sector. Ministerial Decree of Agriculture No. 786/1996, which was enacted in the last years of Suharto s regime, focused on creating an institutional environment conducive to the development of estates by plantation companies. Ministerial Decree of Forestry and Plantation No. 107/1999 and the succeeding Ministerial Decree of Agriculture No. 357/2002, which were enacted in the early period of the reform era, in a sudden reversal of policy emphasized the interests of the masses and promoted cooperatives as new operating bodies of the plantation business. However, such cooperatives did not really come into being as intended by the policies. Ministerial Regulation of Agriculture No. 26/2007 and the succeeding Ministerial Regulation of Agriculture No. 98/2013 encouraged the involvement of plantation companies as the main operating bodies of the plantation business, under the condition that they fully considered the interests of local people, including facilitating the development of smallholdings. Keywords: plantation business permit, oil palm, palm oil, Indonesia, Riau * Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo , Japan Corresponding author s (Nagata) nagataj@humgeo.c.u-tokyo.ac.jp DOI: /tak.55.2_

2 I ) 2) 40 3) HGU Hak Guna Usaha HGB Hak Guna Bangunan HGU/HGB 5 Pahan 2006: 13 4) Pahan 2006 Colchester et al NGO 241

3 II perkebunan usaha perkebunan tanaman perkebunan pelaku usaha perkebunan perusahaan perkebunan pekebun badan hukum perorangan Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan Dinas Perkebunan 5 perkebunan kelapa sawit perkebunan karet 1 5) 242

4 6 usaha budidaya tanaman perkebunan usaha industri pengolahan hasil perkebunan 1 perkebunan besar perkebunan rakyat 25 ha 7 BUMN=Badan Usaha Milik Negara BUMD=Badan Usaha Milik Daerah perusahaan swasta koperasi 25 ha /1992 persetujuan prinsip usaha perkebunan /1992 6) 1 1 7) ) Nagata and Arai 2013: ,000 ha 9) 1996 Izin Tetap Usaha Industri Perkebunan 243

5 Keputusan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 786/Kpts/KB.120/10/96 tentang Perizinan Usaha Perkebunan Keputusan Menteri Kehutanan dan Perkebunan Nomor 107/Kpts-II/1999 tentang Perizinan Usaha Perkebunan Keputusan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 357/Kpts/HK.350/5/2002 tentang Pedoman Perizinan Usaha Perkebunan Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 26/Permentan/OT.140/2/2007 tentang Pedoman Perizinan Usaha Perkebunan Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 98/Permentan/OT.140/9/2013 tentang Pedoman Perizinan Usaha Perkebunan ITUBP ITUIP IUP IUP IUP IUP-B IUP-P IUP IUP-B IUP-P reformasi ekonomi rakyat otonomi daerah )

6 propinsi kabupaten/kota Perencanaan Pembangunan Perkebunan III Izin Tetap Usaha Budidaya Perkebunan ITUBP Izin Tetap Usaha Industri Perkebunan ITUIP 11 11) 1996 ITUBP ITUIP Izin Perubahan Jenis Tanaman Izin Perluasan Usaha Industri Perkebunan 245

7 ha 25 ha 200 ha ITUBP ITUIP 1996 Persetujuan Prinsip Usaha Budidaya Perkebunan Persetujuan Prinsip Usaha Industri Perkebunan Izin Usaha Perkebunan IUP Usaha Perkebunan Besar Sekala Besar=UPBSB 1,000 ha Usaha Perkebunan Besar Sekala Menengah=UPBSM 200 ha 1,000 ha Usaha Perkebunan Besar Sekala Kecil=UPBSK 25 ha 200 ha IUP IUP 12) ITUBP ITUIP 246

8 Izin Usaha Perkebunan untuk Budidaya IUP-B Izin Usaha Perkebunan untuk Pengolahan IUP-P ha 5 IUP 1,000 ha IUP-B IUP-P ha IUP-B IUP-P 1,000 ha IUP ITUBP ITUIP IUP IUP IUP-B IUP-P ha 1996 Tanda Pendaftaran Perkebunan Rakyat Tanda Pendaftaran Usaha Industri Perkebunan Rakyat IUP Surat Pendaftaran Usaha Perkebunan SPUP Surat Tanda Daftar Usaha Perkebunan STD-B Surat Tanda Daftar Usaha Industri Pengolahan Hasil 13) 2007 IUP IUP-B IUP-P 2013 IUP-B IUP-P IUP 247

9 55 2 Perkebunan STD-P IV Perseroan Terbatas )

10 ,000 ha 100,000 ha ,000 ha kelompok tani kemitraan ) 1 60,000 ha 150,000 ha 2 249

11 IUP-P IUP-P ) IUP-P IUP-P 250

12 BOT Build, Operate and Transfer 5 BNT Bank Tabungan Negara petani pekebun Nagata and Arai 2013:

13 PIR: Perusahaan Inti Rakyat PIR Nagata and Arai 2013: 80 PIR KKPA: Kredit kepada Koperasi Primer untuk Anggotanya PIR IUP IUP-B ha ) PIR 252

14 6. kemitraan ,000 ha IUP, IUP-B, IUP-P kemitraan pengolahan kemitraan usaha kemitraan usaha perkebunan V 253

15 PIR PIR

16 Colchester, Marcus; Jiwan, Norman; Andiko; Sirait, Martua; Firdaus, Asep Yunan; Surambo, A.; and Pane, Herbert Promised Land: Palm Oil and Land Acquisition in Indonesia; Implications for Local Communities and Indigenous Peoples. Rev. ed. Moreton-in-Marsh: Forest People Programme; Bogor: Perkumpulan Sawit Watch. Nagata, Junji; and Arai, Sachiho W Evolutionary Change in the Oil Palm Plantation Sector in Riau Province, Sumatra. In The Palm Oil Controversy in Southeast Asia: A Transnational Perspective, edited by Oliver Pye and Jayati Bhattacharya, pp Singapore: ISEAS Publishing. Pahan, Iyung Panduan Lengkap Kelapa Sawit. Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya

第５０巻第２号／２－中村

第５０巻第２号／２－中村 * * LIPI Y.B. Widodo Ngadi Adi Direktrat Jenderal Perkebunan Statistik Perkebunan Indonesia 2013-2015 Kelapa Sawit, Kelapa, Kakao, Jambu Mete, Lada, Cengkeh, Kopi, Teh, Tebu, Tembakau Tanaman Perkebunan