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2 1.. 3.
3 5cm 10cm 5 10cm :(Binder course Base course ) 5 10cm 5cm 5 0cm 10 0cm base course subbase course 1m 3
4 4 (Boussinesq Boussinesq, 1885), 1885) 1 ( ) θ π π σ 5 5/ 3 cos 3 3 z Q z r z Q z = + = ( ) ( ) + = = θ θ υ θ θ π υ π σ cos 1 cos 1 cos 3sin / z Q z r z z r z r z r Q r ( ) ( ) ( ) + = = θ θ θ υ π υ π σ cos 1 cos cos / z Q z r z z r z r z Q t ( ) θ θ π π τ 4 5 / cos sin 3 3 z Q z r rz Q rz = + =
5
6 6 (Boussinesq Boussinesq ) (Westergaard Westergaard ) (PR PR ) (Hubbard (Hubbard ) Poeter Poeter 194) 194) CBR CBR (Burmister Burmister ) (Burmister Burmister ) 3 (Odemark Odemark ) (Fergas Fergas ):CBR ):CBR WASHO WASHO AASHO AASHO
7 1955 CBR 1964 CBR (1967 ) (1967 ( ,197 7
8 Hubbard (1940 AI ) 1.5cm 1.5cm 1/ 5mm 5mm 0.35kgf/cm 0.7kgf/cm 3 8
9 CBR Porter CBR A 8.t B (Corps of Engineer, CE) 9
10 CBR CBR CBR A (1943 (1943 ) 4.kgf/cm 4.kgf/cm 0% 0% 10
11 CBR CBR 4.1tf 4.1tf B.7tf 11
12 CBR CBR (Corps of Engineer, CE) A 5.4t 4.kgf/cm 1
13 13 CBR CBR (1) (1) ( ) α σ 3 3 / 3 3 / cos = + = + = p a z a z p z a p z cos 1 + = = a z p σ z α Z>a
14 CBR () CBR CBR p CBR 0 z z CBR z CBR CBR z 0 σ z = p = 1 cos σ z = k CBR z k CBR p z = 1+ 1 z a 3 α = 1+ 1 z a z a = p 1 k CBR z h h = a k p CBR 1 14
15 CBR (3) P p a P= a p h = P 1 π k CBR 1 p k CBR in lb k=8.1/ 1 1 A a h = P 0.57CBR πp p 1 h = A 0.57CBR π P 10 6 P h = 46.8 ( 1+ 5logCBR) CBR P H = CBR
16 CBR (4) AASHO CBR3 H = 58.5P CBR
17 17 Palmer Palmer Barber) Barber) Boussinesq Boussinesq (E) (a) (p) (z) ( ) 1/ 3 z a E pa w + = P p a P= a p 3 a Ew P H = π
18 Palmer Barber) 3Pm n H 3 = πc ω a C C p (H) P(4100kg) (m) (n) (C) (Cp) kgf/cm.5mm C 3 barber, C p z 1/ 3 E1 Z = H E 18
19 (Shell (Shell 1963 E(kgf/cm )=30,530,710,1060,1770 (CBR 3,6,8,1,0% ) 5 As 19
20 (Shell (Shell 5tf As ( CBR ) 1967 As T A E(kgf/cm )=30(CBR 3% ) T A = 10 log N LogE
21 ( / ) 000 / / 7500 /
22 t 5t 5
23 P 5t 5t = a N P a N a N P = P (t) (t) N 5t 5t / a
24 CBR CBR CBR 100cm CBR = n i= 1 { ( ) } 3 1/3 h i CBR i 100 h i i (cm) CBR i i CBR %) CBR = CBR m CBR n 1 ( σ ) CBR CBR-CBR 16% 16% COE /3 5% 5% 4
25 H = 58.5P CBR 1.5P T A = CBR H (cm) T A cm) P (t) CBR CBR (%) AASHO AASHO 5
26 τ z p 3 4 = 3 z 1 + a z z a p z a (kgf/cm ) (kgf/cm ) (cm) (cm) 80% 80% h=1.5 a 6
27 JH ( ) JH 7
28 JH ( ) 10t 10t % 80% t 8
29 JH ( ) T A T A 10t 10t T A ( CBR=3 ) 9
30 JH ( ) CBR CBR T A CBR3 CBR3 CBR T A 10t T A 30
31 ( max) 8 cm T T 1, ,000 T 3, ,000 T cm 31
32 ω f π ω = r ( 1 ) υ = E ( 1 υ ) E pa E : (MPa) p : (kpa) : a : (m) : (mm) pa 3
33 (SN) ESAL h 33
34 400 AI 41mm AASHTO H AS % 34
35 400 50% 50% A B C 90% 90% 35
36 36
37 49kN 37
38 ( ) ,,3,1 4,11 5,6,10 7,8,9 (MPa) 16,000 9,000 4,800,800 As (MPa) 9,000 6,000 3,300 1,
39 N fa { ( )( )} C ε = S E A t N fa 49kN A C C = 10 M M M = 4.84(V /(V b b +V v )-0.69) V (%) b V v (%) t (MPa) V b ( %) = (%) C (g/cm 3 ) ( %) ( %) (13) (13F) (0) As
40 1) E Asleq = h 1 E h 1 + he + h 1/ 3 3 Asleq (MPa) (MPa 1 MPa) (MPa MPa) h 1 (mm) h (mm) 40
41 N { } ε fs = S s c N fs 49kN c S 0% 0% 15mm 41
42 AASHTO 4
43 (1948 )
44 44
45 (1956 ) Reports on Kobe-Nagoya expressway survey-1956 by Ralph J. Watkins The roads of Japan are incredibly bad. No other industrial nation has so completely neglected its highway system. 45
46 km
47
48 or 48
49 Arlington USA 49
50 50
51 51
52 Westergaard K 75 ) 5
53 K 75 ) 53
54 K 30 ) 54
55 K kgf/cm 0 P 0.15cm (1.5mm) K =P/w K 75 75cm K K 30 30cm w 55
56 K 75 cm 75cm 56
57 K 75 K / K cm
58 B,C,D K 30 0 kgf/cm /cm L,A K kgf/cm /cm K kgf/cm /cm K 30 K 75 K 75 Westergaard K 75 K 30 /. K 75 K 30 /
59 CBR K cm CBR (%) K30 (kgf/cm 3 ) p k1 h1 a E1, v1 k k1/k Ef, vf h= E, v Burmister 59
60 (1) () 60
61 61
62
63 σ = Westergaard (196) ( + υ ) 3 1 P l (ln + πh b ) P h Co. b a: a 1.74h b=a a<1.74h b= 1.6a h h 63
64 Westergaard l = 4 3 Eh 1 K ( 1 υ ) 75 E Co. Co. 64
65 Westergaard 3 P Eh ( υ ) log 0. σ = h K 75b Teller & Sutherland 1935 σ = h K75b 1 υ 3 P Eh b ( υ ) log + log 1. a 1.74h b=a a<1.74h b= 1.6a h h 65
66 ( N,mm ) P (log10 l 0.75log10 a σ = ( υ ) C L h ) C L (.1, 1.59) Teller & Sutherland 66
67 67
68 σ t = C w α E θ C w E T B T S T S -T B 68
69 ( ) ( ) bk 69
70 1) bk ) bk FD = k i= 1 n N i i FD 1.0 n i i / bk N i i 70
71 Pf=10% Pf=0% Pf=5% Pf=30% Pf=40% Pf=50%
72 1tf N 1 tf N 3tf N 3 4tf N 4 5tf N 5 6tf N 6 7tf N 7 8tf N 8 9tf N 9 10tf N 10 1tf N 1 14tf N Tp Tp Tp Tp Tp 11 9 Tp 9 7 Tp 7 5 Tp 5 3 Tp 3 1 Tp 1-1 Tm 1-3 Tm 3-5 Tm 5-7 Tm 7-9 Tm 9 15cm 45cm 75cm 105cm f15 f45 f75 f105 Temp>0 Rp Temp<0 Rm FD<1.0 OK 7
73 50, 75, AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures(1986) 73
74 ( ) 1 8,000 / 30% 5% 65% 4% % CBR 6% P9, P30 P30 T A 74
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400 312 400 2,3 ()1 1 /( ) / ( ) 2 1830.J. 6 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. -300-793 -1191-1333 -1602-1867 -1911-1925 -1988 1989- () 剗 2 2 8 10 20 ( 22 7 )( 24 9 )( 26 4 ) () () 艜 10 10 20 20 5490km 1 "The roads
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C L C L 4.5m 3.0m 10% 25% 50% 90% 75% 50% N N N 90% 90% 10% 10% 100 100 10 10 10% 10% :49kN :17 :17kN CBR CBR CBR 5 3,000 / 3,000 /mm /mm 1.2mm 89dB 190dB 3,000 3,000 /mm 20% 20%
More information66 σ σ (8.1) σ = 0 0 σd = 0 (8.2) (8.2) (8.1) E ρ d = 0... d = 0 (8.3) d 1 NN K K 8.1 d σd σd M = σd = E 2 d (8.4) ρ 2 d = I M = EI ρ 1 ρ = M EI ρ EI
65 8. K 8 8 7 8 K 6 7 8 K 6 M Q σ (6.4) M O ρ dθ D N d N 1 P Q B C (1 + ε)d M N N h 2 h 1 ( ) B (+) M 8.1: σ = E ρ (E, 1/ρ ) (8.1) 66 σ σ (8.1) σ = 0 0 σd = 0 (8.2) (8.2) (8.1) E ρ d = 0... d = 0 (8.3)
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9118 154 B-1 B-3 B- 5cm 3cm 5cm 3m18m5.4m.5m.66m1.3m 1.13m 1.134m 1.35m.665m 5 , 4 13 7 56 M 1586.1.18 7.77.9 599.5.8 7 1596.9.5 7.57.75 684.11.9 8.5 165..3 7.9 87.8.11 6.57. 166.6.16 7.57.6 856 6.6.5
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1 2006 6 NETES No.CG-050001-V 2007 5 2 1 2 1 19 5 1 2 19 8 2 i 1 1 1.1 1 1.2 2 1.3 2 2 3 2.1 3 2.2 8 3 9 3.1 9 3.2 10 3.3 13 3.3.1 13 3.3.2 14 3.3.3 14 3.3.4 16 3.3.5 17 3.3.6 18 3.3.7 21 3.3.8 22 3.4
More information(1.2) T D = 0 T = D = 30 kn 1.2 (1.4) 2F W = 0 F = W/2 = 300 kn/2 = 150 kn 1.3 (1.9) R = W 1 + W 2 = = 1100 N. (1.9) W 2 b W 1 a = 0
1 1 1.1 1.) T D = T = D = kn 1. 1.4) F W = F = W/ = kn/ = 15 kn 1. 1.9) R = W 1 + W = 6 + 5 = 11 N. 1.9) W b W 1 a = a = W /W 1 )b = 5/6) = 5 cm 1.4 AB AC P 1, P x, y x, y y x 1.4.) P sin 6 + P 1 sin 45
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4 4.1 4.1.1 A = f() = f() = a f (a) = f() (a, f(a)) = f() (a, f(a)) f(a) = f 0 (a)( a) 4.1 (4, ) = f() = f () = 1 = f (4) = 1 4 4 (4, ) = 1 ( 4) 4 = 1 4 + 1 17 18 4 4.1 A (1) = 4 A( 1, 4) 1 A 4 () = tan
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More information8 300 mm 2.50 m/s L/s ( ) 1.13 kg/m MPa 240 C 5.00mm 120 kpa ( ) kg/s c p = 1.02kJ/kgK, R = 287J/kgK kPa, 17.0 C 118 C 870m 3 R = 287J
26 1 22 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 30.0 cm 1.59 kg 110kPa, 42.1 C, 18.0m/s 107kPa c p =1.02kJ/kgK 278J/kgK 30.0 C, 250kPa (c p = 1.02kJ/kgK, R = 287J/kgK) 18.0 C m/s 16.9 C 320kPa 270 m/s C c p = 1.02kJ/kgK, R = 292J/kgK
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... A F F l F l F(p, 0) = p p > 0 l p 0 P(, ) H P(, ) P l PH F PF = PH PF = PH p O p ( p) + = { ( p)} = 4p l = 4p (p 0) F(p, 0) = p O 3 5 5. F(, 0) = = 4 = 4 O = 4 =. ( = = 4 ) = 4 ( 4 ), 0 = 4 4 O 4 =
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1 1 1.1 64 A6, 1) B1, 1) 65 C A, 1) B, ) C 66 + 1 = 0 A1, 1) B, 0) P 67 A, ) B1, ) C4, 0) 1) ABC G ) A B C P 64 A 1, 1) B, ) AB AB = 1) + 1) A 1, 1) 1 B, ) 1 65 66 65 C0, k) 66 1 p, p) 1 1 A B AB A 67
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12 1 2 3 4 5 6 1.2 AFRP (3.4.1)(3.4.3) ht M = 1.2M By0 M Ty0 h A n MBy0 h B AF p = 1000 = t AF AAF b 7 / 8 AF B M σ AFb h (tf m) (m) M T y0 (tf m) h T (m) M (tf m) AAF AFRPcm 2 σafb AFRPkgf/cm 2 σ AFb
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