ＮＭＲの信号がはじめて観測されてから４７年になる。その後、ＮＭＲは１９６０年前半までPhys. Rev.等の物理学誌上を賑わせた。１９６０年代後半、物理学者の間では”ＮＭＲはもう死んだ”とささやかれたということであるが（１）、しかし、これほど発展した構造、物性の

　ＮＭＲの信号がはじめて観測されてから４７年になる。その後、ＮＭＲは１９６０年前半までPhys. Rev.等の物理学誌上を賑わせた。１９６０年代後半、物理学者の間では”ＮＭＲはもう死んだ”とささやかれたということであるが（１）、しかし、これほど発展した構造、物性の

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zz + 3i(z z) + 5 = 0 + i z + i = z 2i z z z y zz + 3i (z z) + 5 = 0 (z 3i) (z + 3i) = 9 5 = 4 z 3i = 2 (3i) zz i (z z) + 1 = a 2 {

04 zz + iz z) + 5 = 0 + i z + i = z i z z z 970 0 y zz + i z z) + 5 = 0 z i) z + i) = 9 5 = 4 z i = i) zz i z z) + = a {zz + i z z) + 4} a ) zz + a + ) z z) + 4a = 0 4a a = 5 a = x i) i) : c Darumafactory

,. Black-Scholes u t t, x c u 0 t, x x u t t, x c u t, x x u t t, x + σ x u t, x + rx ut, x rux, t 0 x x,,.,. Step 3, 7,,, Step 6., Step 4,. Step 5,,.

9 α ν β Ξ ξ Γ γ o δ Π π ε ρ ζ Σ σ η τ Θ θ Υ υ ι Φ φ κ χ Λ λ Ψ ψ µ Ω ω Def, Prop, Th, Lem, Note, Remark, Ex,, Proof, R, N, Q, C [a, b {x R : a x b} : a, b {x R : a < x < b} : [a, b {x R : a x < b} : a,

　ＮＭＲの信号がはじめて観測されてから４７年になる。その後、ＮＭＲは１９６０年前半までPhys. Rev.等の物理学誌上を賑わせた。１９６０年代後半、物理学者の間では”ＮＭＲはもう死んだ”とささやかれたということであるが（１）、しかし、これほど発展した構造、物性の

5. NMR µ = γ I µ = γ I r H D 0 I r I r { I 3 I r r µ γγ 3( )( ) = } (5..) zb 0 µ 0 γγ I r I r 0( γ z γ z) { I 3 I r r 3( )( ) H = B I + I + } (5..) (5..) z z µ 0 γγ D = ( + + + + + ) 3 r H A B C D F (5..3)

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38 5 Cauchy.,,,,., σ.,, 3,,. 5.1 Cauchy (a) (b) (a) (b) 5.1: 5.1. Cauchy 39 F Q Newton F F F Q F Q 5.2: n n ds df n ( 5.1). df n n df(n) df n, t n. t n = df n (5.1) ds 40 5 Cauchy t l n mds df n 5.3: t

No δs δs = r + δr r = δr (3) δs δs = r r = δr + u(r + δr, t) u(r, t) (4) δr = (δx, δy, δz) u i (r + δr, t) u i (r, t) = u i x j δx j (5) δs 2

No.2 1 2 2 δs δs = r + δr r = δr (3) δs δs = r r = δr + u(r + δr, t) u(r, t) (4) δr = (δx, δy, δz) u i (r + δr, t) u i (r, t) = u i δx j (5) δs 2 = δx i δx i + 2 u i δx i δx j = δs 2 + 2s ij δx i δx j

液晶の物理１：連続体理論（弾性，粘性）

The Physics of Liquid Crystals P. G. de Gennes and J. Prost (Oxford University Press, 1993) Liquid crystals are beautiful and mysterious; I am fond of them for both reasons. My hope is that some readers

SO(3) 7 = = 1 ( r ) + 1 r r r r ( l ) (5.17) l = 1 ( sin θ ) + sin θ θ θ ϕ (5.18) χ(r)ψ(θ, ϕ) l ψ = αψ (5.19) l 1 = i(sin ϕ θ l = i( cos ϕ θ l 3 = i ϕ

SO(3) 71 5.7 5.7.1 1 ħ L k l k l k = iϵ kij x i j (5.117) l k SO(3) l z l ± = l 1 ± il = i(y z z y ) ± (z x x z ) = ( x iy) z ± z( x ± i y ) = X ± z ± z (5.118) l z = i(x y y x ) = 1 [(x + iy)( x i y )

1 1.1 H = µc i c i + c i t ijc j + 1 c i c j V ijklc k c l (1) V ijkl = V jikl = V ijlk = V jilk () t ij = t ji, V ijkl = V lkji (3) (1) V 0 H mf = µc

013 6 30 BCS 1 1.1........................ 1................................ 3 1.3............................ 3 1.4............................... 5 1.5.................................... 5 6 3 7 4 8

LLG-R8.Nisus.pdf

d M d t = γ M H + α M d M d t M γ [ 1/ ( Oe sec) ] α γ γ = gµ B h g g µ B h / π γ g = γ = 1.76 10 [ 7 1/ ( Oe sec) ] α α = λ γ λ λ λ α γ α α H α = γ H ω ω H α α H K K H K / M 1 1 > 0 α 1 M > 0 γ α γ =

( ) ) ) ) 5) 1 J = σe 2 6) ) 9) 1955 Statistical-Mechanical Theory of Irreversible Processes )

( 3 7 4 ) 2 2 ) 8 2 954 2) 955 3) 5) J = σe 2 6) 955 7) 9) 955 Statistical-Mechanical Theory of Irreversible Processes 957 ) 3 4 2 A B H (t) = Ae iωt B(t) = B(ω)e iωt B(ω) = [ Φ R (ω) Φ R () ] iω Φ R (t)

(iii) 0 V, x V, x + 0 = x. 0. (iv) x V, y V, x + y = 0., y x, y = x. (v) 1x = x. (vii) (α + β)x = αx + βx. (viii) (αβ)x = α(βx)., V, C.,,., (1)

1. 1.1...,. 1.1.1 V, V x, y, x y x + y x + y V,, V x α, αx αx V,, (i) (viii) : x, y, z V, α, β C, (i) x + y = y + x. (ii) (x + y) + z = x + (y + z). 1 (iii) 0 V, x V, x + 0 = x. 0. (iv) x V, y V, x + y

e a b a b b a a a 1 a a 1 = a 1 a = e G G G : x ( x =, 8, 1 ) x 1,, 60 θ, ϕ ψ θ G G H H G x. n n 1 n 1 n σ = (σ 1, σ,..., σ N ) i σ i i n S n n = 1,,

01 10 18 ( ) 1 6 6 1 8 8 1 6 1 0 0 0 0 1 Table 1: 10 0 8 180 1 1 1. ( : 60 60 ) : 1. 1 e a b a b b a a a 1 a a 1 = a 1 a = e G G G : x ( x =, 8, 1 ) x 1,, 60 θ, ϕ ψ θ G G H H G x. n n 1 n 1 n σ = (σ 1,

1).1-5) - 9 -

- 8 - 1).1-5) - 9 - ε = ε xx 0 0 0 ε xx 0 0 0 ε xx (.1 ) z z 1 z ε = ε xx ε x y 0 - ε x y ε xx 0 0 0 ε zz (. ) 3 xy ) ε xx, ε zz» ε x y (.3 ) ε ij = ε ij ^ (.4 ) 6) xx, xy ε xx = ε xx + i ε xx ε xy = ε

7 π L int = gψ(x)ψ(x)φ(x) + (7.4) [ ] p ψ N = n (7.5) π (π +,π 0,π ) ψ (σ, σ, σ )ψ ( A) σ τ ( L int = gψψφ g N τ ) N π * ) (7.6) π π = (π, π, π ) π ±

7 7. ( ) SU() SU() 9 ( MeV) p 98.8 π + π 0 n 99.57 9.57 97.4 497.70 δm m 0.4%.% 0.% 0.8% π 9.57 4.96 Σ + Σ 0 Σ 89.6 9.46 K + K 0 49.67 (7.) p p = αp + βn, n n = γp + δn (7.a) [ ] p ψ ψ = Uψ, U = n [ α

128 3 II S 1, S 2 Φ 1, Φ 2 Φ 1 = { B( r) n( r)}ds S 1 Φ 2 = { B( r) n( r)}ds (3.3) S 2 S S 1 +S 2 { B( r) n( r)}ds = 0 (3.4) S 1, S 2 { B( r) n( r)}ds

127 3 II 3.1 3.1.1 Φ(t) ϕ em = dφ dt (3.1) B( r) Φ = { B( r) n( r)}ds (3.2) S S n( r) Φ 128 3 II S 1, S 2 Φ 1, Φ 2 Φ 1 = { B( r) n( r)}ds S 1 Φ 2 = { B( r) n( r)}ds (3.3) S 2 S S 1 +S 2 { B( r) n( r)}ds

直交座標系の回転

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x (x, ) x y (, y) iy x y z = x + iy (x, y) (r, θ) r = x + y, θ = tan ( y ), π < θ π x r = z, θ = arg z z = x + iy = r cos θ + ir sin θ = r(cos θ + i s

... x, y z = x + iy x z y z x = Rez, y = Imz z = x + iy x iy z z () z + z = (z + z )() z z = (z z )(3) z z = ( z z )(4)z z = z z = x + y z = x + iy ()Rez = (z + z), Imz = (z z) i () z z z + z z + z.. z

Part () () Γ Part ,

Contents a 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7. 8.. 8.. 8.3. 8 Part. 9. 9.. 9.. 3. 3.. 3.. 3 4. 5 4.. 5 4.. 9 4.3. 3 Part. 6 5. () 6 5.. () 7 5.. 9 5.3. Γ 3 6. 3 6.. 3 6.. 3 6.3. 33 Part 3. 34 7. 34 7.. 34 7.. 34 8. 35

(Compton Scattering) Beaming 1 exp [i (k x ωt)] k λ k = 2π/λ ω = 2πν k = ω/c k x ωt ( ω ) k α c, k k x ωt η αβ k α x β diag( + ++) x β = (ct, x) O O x

Compton Scattering Beaming exp [i k x ωt] k λ k π/λ ω πν k ω/c k x ωt ω k α c, k k x ωt η αβ k α x β diag + ++ x β ct, x O O x O O v k α k α β, γ k γ k βk, k γ k + βk k γ k k, k γ k + βk 3 k k 4 k 3 k

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1 (Berry,1975) 2-6 p (S πr 2 )p πr 2 p 2πRγ p p = 2γ R (2.5).1-1 : : : : ( ).2 α, β α, β () X S = X X α X β (.1) 1 2

2005 9/8-11 2 2.2 ( 2-5) γ ( ) γ cos θ 2πr πρhr 2 g h = 2γ cos θ ρgr (2.1) γ = ρgrh (2.2) 2 cos θ θ cos θ = 1 (2.2) γ = 1 ρgrh (2.) 2 2. p p ρgh p ( ) p p = p ρgh (2.) h p p = 2γ r 1 1 (Berry,1975) 2-6

医系の統計入門第 2 版 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます. このサンプルページの内容は, 第 2 版 1 刷発行時のものです.

医系の統計入門第 2 版 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます. http://www.morikita.co.jp/books/mid/009192 このサンプルページの内容は, 第 2 版 1 刷発行時のものです. i 2 t 1. 2. 3 2 3. 6 4. 7 5. n 2 ν 6. 2 7. 2003 ii 2 2013 10 iii 1987

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5,, Euclid.,..,... Euclid,.,.,, e i (i =,, ). 6 x a x e e e x.:,,. a,,. a a = a e + a e + a e = {e, e, e } a (.) = a i e i = a i e i (.) i= {a,a,a } T ( T ),.,,,,. (.),.,...,,. a 0 0 a = a 0 + a + a 0

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II No.01 [n/2] [1]H n (x) H n (x) = ( 1) r n! r!(n 2r)! (2x)n 2r. r=0 [2]H n (x) n,, H n ( x) = ( 1) n H n (x). [3] H n (x) = ( 1) n dn x2 e dx n e x2

II No.1 [n/] [1]H n x) H n x) = 1) r n! r!n r)! x)n r r= []H n x) n,, H n x) = 1) n H n x) [3] H n x) = 1) n dn x e dx n e x [4] H n+1 x) = xh n x) nh n 1 x) ) d dx x H n x) = H n+1 x) d dx H nx) = nh

n (1.6) i j=1 1 n a ij x j = b i (1.7) (1.7) (1.4) (1.5) (1.4) (1.7) u, v, w ε x, ε y, ε x, γ yz, γ zx, γ xy (1.8) ε x = u x ε y = v y ε z = w z γ yz

1 2 (a 1, a 2, a n ) (b 1, b 2, b n ) A (1.1) A = a 1 b 1 + a 2 b 2 + + a n b n (1.1) n A = a i b i (1.2) i=1 n i 1 n i=1 a i b i n i=1 A = a i b i (1.3) (1.3) (1.3) (1.1) (ummation convention) a 11 x

meiji_resume_1.PDF

β β β (q 1,q,..., q n ; p 1, p,..., p n ) H(q 1,q,..., q n ; p 1, p,..., p n ) Hψ = εψ ε k = k +1/ ε k = k(k 1) (x, y, z; p x, p y, p z ) (r; p r ), (θ; p θ ), (ϕ; p ϕ ) ε k = 1/ k p i dq i E total = E

K E N Z U 2012 7 16 HP M. 1 1 4 1.1 3.......................... 4 1.2................................... 4 1.2.1..................................... 4 1.2.2.................................... 5................................

.5 z = a + b + c n.6 = a sin t y = b cos t dy d a e e b e + e c e e e + e 3 s36 3 a + y = a, b > b 3 s363.7 y = + 3 y = + 3 s364.8 cos a 3 s365.9 y =,

[ ] IC. r, θ r, θ π, y y = 3 3 = r cos θ r sin θ D D = {, y ; y }, y D r, θ ep y yddy D D 9 s96. d y dt + 3dy + y = cos t dt t = y = e π + e π +. t = π y =.9 s6.3 d y d + dy d + y = y =, dy d = 3 a, b

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9 O y O ( O ) O (O ) 3 y O O v t = t = 0 ( ) O t = 0 t r = t P (, y, ) r = + y + (t,, y, ) (t) y = 0 () ( )O O t (t ) y = 0 () (t) y = (t ) y = 0 (3) O O v O O v O O O y y O O v P(, y,, t) t (, y,, t )

9. 05 L x P(x) P(0) P(x) u(x) u(x) (0 < = x < = L) P(x) E(x) A(x) P(L) f ( d EA du ) = 0 (9.) dx dx u(0) = 0 (9.2) E(L)A(L) du (L) = f (9.3) dx (9.) P

9 (Finite Element Method; FEM) 9. 9. P(0) P(x) u(x) (a) P(L) f P(0) P(x) (b) 9. P(L) 9. 05 L x P(x) P(0) P(x) u(x) u(x) (0 < = x < = L) P(x) E(x) A(x) P(L) f ( d EA du ) = 0 (9.) dx dx u(0) = 0 (9.2) E(L)A(L)

変 位 変位とは 物体中のある点が変形後に 別の点に異動したときの位置の変化で あり ベクトル量である 変位には 物体の変形の他に剛体運動 剛体変位 が含まれている 剛体変位 P(x, y, z) 平行移動と回転 P! (x + u, y + v, z + w) Q(x + d x, y + dy,

変 位 変位とは 物体中のある点が変形後に 別の点に異動したときの位置の変化で あり ベクトル量である 変位には 物体の変形の他に剛体運動 剛体変位 が含まれている 剛体変位 P(x, y, z) 平行移動と回転 P! (x + u, y + v, z + w) Q(x + d x, y + dy, z + dz) Q! (x + d x + u + du, y + dy + v + dv, z +

2 1 1 α = a + bi(a, b R) α (conjugate) α = a bi α (absolute value) α = a 2 + b 2 α (norm) N(α) = a 2 + b 2 = αα = α 2 α (spure) (trace) 1 1. a R aα =

1 1 α = a + bi(a, b R) α (conjugate) α = a bi α (absolute value) α = a + b α (norm) N(α) = a + b = αα = α α (spure) (trace) 1 1. a R aα = aα. α = α 3. α + β = α + β 4. αβ = αβ 5. β 0 6. α = α ( ) α = α

) a + b = i + 6 b c = 6i j ) a = 0 b = c = 0 ) â = i + j 0 ˆb = 4) a b = b c = j + ) cos α = cos β = 6) a ˆb = b ĉ = 0 7) a b = 6i j b c = i + 6j + 8)

4 4 ) a + b = i + 6 b c = 6i j ) a = 0 b = c = 0 ) â = i + j 0 ˆb = 4) a b = b c = j + ) cos α = cos β = 6) a ˆb = b ĉ = 0 7) a b = 6i j b c = i + 6j + 8) a b a b = 6i j 4 b c b c 9) a b = 4 a b) c = 7

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1. 2 P 2 (x, y) 2 x y (0, 0) R 2 = {(x, y) x, y R} x, y R P = (x, y) O = (0, 0) OP ( ) OP x x, y y ( ) x v = y ( ) x 2 1 v = P = (x, y) y ( x y ) 2 (x

. P (, (0, 0 R {(,, R}, R P (, O (0, 0 OP OP, v v P (, ( (, (, { R, R} v (, (, (,, z 3 w z R 3,, z R z n R n.,..., n R n n w, t w ( z z Ke Words:. A P 3 0 B P 0 a. A P b B P 3. A π/90 B a + b c π/ 3. +

量子力学 問題

3 : 203 : 0. H = 0 0 2 6 0 () = 6, 2 = 2, 3 = 3 3 H 6 2 3 ϵ,2,3 (2) ψ = (, 2, 3 ) ψ Hψ H (3) P i = i i P P 2 = P 2 P 3 = P 3 P = O, P 2 i = P i (4) P + P 2 + P 3 = E 3 (5) i ϵ ip i H 0 0 (6) R = 0 0 [H,

29

9 .,,, 3 () C k k C k C + C + C + + C 8 + C 9 + C k C + C + C + C 3 + C 4 + C 5 + + 45 + + + 5 + + 9 + 4 + 4 + 5 4 C k k k ( + ) 4 C k k ( k) 3 n( ) n n n ( ) n ( ) n 3 ( ) 3 3 3 n 4 ( ) 4 4 4 ( ) n n

X G P G (X) G BG [X, BG] S 2 2 2 S 2 2 S 2 = { (x 1, x 2, x 3 ) R 3 x 2 1 + x 2 2 + x 2 3 = 1 } R 3 S 2 S 2 v x S 2 x x v(x) T x S 2 T x S 2 S 2 x T x S 2 = { ξ R 3 x ξ } R 3 T x S 2 S 2 x x T x S 2

2016 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1 16 2 1 () X O 3 (O1) X O, O (O2) O O (O3) O O O X (X, O) O X X (O1), (O2), (O3) (O2) (O3) n (O2) U 1,..., U n O U k O k=1 (O3) U λ O( λ Λ) λ Λ U λ O 0 X 0 (O2) n =

1. 4cm 16 cm 4cm 20cm 18 cm L λ(x)=ax [kg/m] A x 4cm A 4cm 12 cm h h Y 0 a G 0.38h a b x r(x) x y = 1 h 0.38h G b h X x r(x) 1 S(x) = πr(x) 2 a,b, h,π

. 4cm 6 cm 4cm cm 8 cm λ()=a [kg/m] A 4cm A 4cm cm h h Y a G.38h a b () y = h.38h G b h X () S() = π() a,b, h,π V = ρ M = ρv G = M h S() 3 d a,b, h 4 G = 5 h a b a b = 6 ω() s v m θ() m v () θ() ω() dθ()

) ] [ h m x + y + + V x) φ = Eφ 1) z E = i h t 13) x << 1) N n n= = N N + 1) 14) N n n= = N N + 1)N + 1) 6 15) N n 3 n= = 1 4 N N + 1) 16) N n 4

1. k λ ν ω T v p v g k = π λ ω = πν = π T v p = λν = ω k v g = dω dk 1) ) 3) 4). p = hk = h λ 5) E = hν = hω 6) h = h π 7) h =6.6618 1 34 J sec) hc=197.3 MeV fm = 197.3 kev pm= 197.3 ev nm = 1.97 1 3 ev

II A A441 : October 02, 2014 Version : Kawahira, Tomoki TA (Kondo, Hirotaka )

II 214-1 : October 2, 214 Version : 1.1 Kawahira, Tomoki TA (Kondo, Hirotaka ) http://www.math.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~kawahira/courses/14w-biseki.html pdf 1 2 1 9 1 16 1 23 1 3 11 6 11 13 11 2 11 27 12 4 12 11

. ev=,604k m 3 Debye ɛ 0 kt e λ D = n e n e Ze 4 ln Λ ν ei = 5.6π / ɛ 0 m/ e kt e /3 ν ei v e H + +e H ev Saha x x = 3/ πme kt g i g e n

003...............................3 Debye................. 3.4................ 3 3 3 3. Larmor Cyclotron... 3 3................ 4 3.3.......... 4 3.3............ 4 3.3...... 4 3.3.3............ 5 3.4.........

73

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