昭和恐慌期における長野県下農業･農村と産業組合の展開過程

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "昭和恐慌期における長野県下農業･農村と産業組合の展開過程"

ひでかみょうだに
5 years ago
Views:

1 No. 3, 20-31(2002) On Happiness in Kant s Moral Philosophy HUKATU Masayoshi Nihon University, Graduate School of Social and Cultural Studies. To be happy is definitely the demand of every rational but finite being and therefore an unavoidable determining ground of its faculty of desire. Therefore, the concept of happiness everywhere underlies the practical relation of objects to the faculty of desire. However, the concept of happiness is still only the general name for subjective determining grounds. In the desire for happiness, it is not the form of lawfulness that counts but simply the matter, namely whether I am to expect satisfaction from following the practical precept, and how much. The practical precepts based on principles of self-love can never be universal because the determining ground of the faculty of desire is based on the feeling of pleasure or displeasure, which can never be recognized to be universally directed to the same objects. By the way, Kant believes the moral law requires us to promote happiness. In fact, Kant thinks that the highest good consists in an overall unity of morality and happiness. However Kant thinks that happiness alone is, in the view of reason, far from being the complete good. On the other hand, morality alone, is likely far from being the complete good. To make happiness, he who conducts himself in a manner not unworthy of happiness, must be able to hope for the possession of happiness. Happiness, therefore, in exact proportion with the morality of rational beings whereby they are made worthy of happiness, constitutes alone the supreme good of a world into which we absolutely must transport ourselves according to the commands of pure but practical reason. From this, it can also be seen that if one asks about God s final end in creating the world, one must not name the happiness of the rational beings in the world but the highest good. Finally Kant came to the conclusion that the supreme good is the universal happiness and the highest happiness to human beings. Sokrates 470/ Aristoteles eudaimonia,

2 Epiktetos apatheia apatheia ataraxia logos 9 Epikouros 341?-270 ataraxia ataraxia 21

3 Wille zum Leben Leben der natürlichen Zweck der Summe aller Neigungen,die Glücklichkeit

4 das pragmatische Glückseligkeit Prinzip der Selbstliebe 19 Klugheitregel 20 Egoismus 4 4 Egoismus 23

5 21 hypothetischer Imperativ kategorischer Imperativ 22 Maxime Autonomie ein Objekt des Begehrungsvermögens Heteronomie 24

6 Pluralisumus Pluralisimus Pluralismus 29 25

7 Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten 30 Handle so, dass du die Menschheit sowohl in deiner Person als in der Person eines jeden anderen, jederzeit zugleich als Zweck, niemals bloss als Mittel brauchst Sache Preis Würde 33 Prinzip der Autonomie 34 Pluralismus 35 Pluralismus 26

8 36 Handle so, als ob die Maxime deiner Handlung durch deinen Willen zum Allgemein Naturgesetze werden sollte. 37 Jean-Jacques Rousseau Pluralismus Pluralismus Egoisumus Pluralismus 39 Pluralismus

9 Selbstzufriedenheit 43 Selbstzufriedenheit

10 das höchste Gut 49 B839 Genuss 50 Selbstzufriedenheit Zufriedenheit mit seinem Zustande völlige Zufriedenheit mit seinem Zustande Pluralismus 29

11 Pluralismus egoismus Beseitigung allegemeine Glückseligkeit das Weltbeste B p p p p p.70 p p p p p p p p p p p p

12 19 p p p p p.179 p p p p p p p p p p p p.1062 Pluralisumus 48 p p.416 p Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten. Felix Meiner Verlag. S p Kannts Werke Akademie Textausgabe Bd Die Metaphysik der SittenS.387 p.91 34p.82 35p.76 36p.63 37Grundlegung zur Metaphysi der Sitten. Felix Meiner Verlag. S p p p p p p p.307 p p Kants Werke Akademie Textausgabe Bd.. Die Metaphysik der Sitten. S

2

2011 8 6 2011 5 7 [1] 1 2 i ii iii i 3 [2] 4 5 ii 6 7 iii 8 [3] 9 10 11 cf. Abstracts in English In terms of democracy, the patience and the kindness Tohoku people have shown will be dealt with as an exception.