道路整備・維持管理の政策・制度改善に向けての課題
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1 JBIC Research Paper No
2 Japan Bank for International Cooperation: JBIC JBIC JBIC JBIC Research Paper Series
3 13 2 () () () i
4 ii Institutional Framework ADB 26
5 iii 2.2.3JBIC ADB TA JBIC 54
6 77 iv
7 v ADB
8 ADB AVI DBFO DLO DOH DOT ENP ETC HA IRR JBIC MOF MOC MOT NGO NPO O&M OECF PFI PMU PQ RA RB RF RMI RMS Asian Development Bank Automatic Vehicle Identification Design, Build, Finance, and Operate Direct Labor Organization Department of Highways Department of Transportation Electronic Number Plate Electronic Toll Collection Highway Agency Internal Rate of Return Japan Bank for International Cooperation Ministry of Finance Ministry of Communications Ministry of Transportation Non-governmental Organization Nonprofit Organization Operation Maintenance Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund Private Finance Initiative Project Management Unit Prequalification Road Agency Road Board Road Fund Road Maintenance Initiative Road Management Initiative Road Management System SADEP Special Assistance for Development Policy and Project SATCC Southern African Transport & Communications Commission TA TOR VE VOC Technical Assistance Terms of Reference Value Engineering Vehicle Operating Cost vi
9 VOCVehicle Operating Costs 1 1
10 1.2 Institutional Framework Road Management System: RMS fee-for-service basis Routine Maintenance 2
11 1.4 4 Ministry of Transportation: MOT Road Agency: RA Road Board: RB Road Fund: RF 3 3 MOF MOT RA RF * RB * 3
12 Cost/Benefit Economic IRR Disbursement/Covenant RF competitive bid DLO VE * DBFO** Co-operative Technical/Financial Audit RA RA RB RMS * ** F B O Shadow Toll
13 1.6 ADB ADB RA JBIC 5
14 Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes
15 Yes No No Yes No No Yes No No Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes
16 NO YES NO YES NPO O&M DBFO VE 8
17 3.4 RA RB 7 7 NO YES RA RB NO YES NO YES NO YES RMS 9
18 ADB ADB TA 96 TA 4.3JBIC 10
19 () JBIC ADB JBIC Asian Toll Road Development in an Era of Financial Crisis 11
20 ADBJBIC 12
21 ODA VOC Vehicle Operating Costs Capital Expenditure Current Expenditure VOC
22 Road Expenditure 1-1 Capital Expenditure Current Expenditure Gwilliam and Shlizi 1997 Construction Rehabilitation Periodic Maintenance Routine Maintenance Operational Management ,000km
23 Institutional Framework
24 Road Management System: RMS fee-for-service basis Routine Maintenance 16
25 Ministry of Transportation: MOT Road Agency: RA RA Road Board: RB RB RA Road Fund: RF
26 1-4 MOF MOT RA RF RB RA RF RB MOF RA Highways Agency, National Road Authority 18
27 4 2 RA 3 RB 2 MOF 4RF
28 1-4 Cost/Benefit Economic IRR Disbursement/Covenant RF competitive bid DLO VE * DBFO** Co-operative Technical/Financial Audit RA RA RB RMS * **F BO Shadow Toll 20
29 1.6 ADB commercialization corporatization fee-for-service basis 21
30 * DBFO Public BOT RA *
31 2 80 RMI Road Maintenance Initiative Road Management Initiative , , ,500 5,000 1, , , , Heggie & Vickers
32 , % 20% 26% 59% 0% 20% 97% 0% 0% 88% 80% 10% 28% 78% 80% 3% 81% 100% 12% 0% 63% 13% 22% 0% 0% 19% 0% % 41% 54% 53% 29% 57% 65% 68% 68% Heggie & Vickers Ministry of Public WorksMinistry of Communications4 agencies and ministries basic roads inventory data VOC 24
33 ADB JBIC a b c Project Management Unit PMU 5 World Bank Operations Evaluation Department
34 d "Thailand Transport Sector Review" Sector Review 4 management umbrella ADB ADB ADB a 4 b ADB 1990 ADB Policy Development 6 World Bank Operations Evaluation Department ADB
35 ADB Department of Highways DOH ADB T/A 2 ADB ADB Expressway Management Corporations routine, periodic DOH periodic maintenance work PWD Public Works Dept 99 10%2008 Field Divisions DOR DOR ADB 50 ADB 1998 a BOT 27
36 b sound planning criteria ADB National Planning Commission pavement management system workable maintenance program JBIC JBIC OECF JBIC
37 % * 30% * OECF, 1998
38 Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes
39 ADB
40 ADB 32
41 Yes No No Yes No No Yes No No Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes
42 3.2.1 LPG AVI Automatic Vehicle Identification ENP Electronic Number Plate
43 3.2.3 IMF raid 35
44
45
46 3.3 O&M VEDBFO NO YES NO YES NPO O&M VE DBFO 38
47 3.3.1 NPO Lengthman Contractor System Direct Labor Organization DLO
48 3.3.3 VE DBFO Design, Build, Finance and Operate VE DBFO Design, Build, Finance, and Operate 40
49 3.4 RA RB NO YES RA RB NO YES NO YES NO YES RMS 41
50 3.4.1 EU SATCC Southern African Transport & Communications Commission Road Authority 2 SATCC Highway Agency National Road Authority, Ltd RB National Road Board Result Unit/Production Unit Result Unit/Production Unit 42
51 Report No. Report No. Indonesia- Second Highway Sector Investment Project final institutional capacity 2000km 2200km 5300m 210km Indonesia- Fifth Kbupatan Roads Project final TA 43
52 Indonesia- Strategic Urban Roads Infrastructure Project (SURIP) Report No final Report No. Thailand -Fifth Highway Sector Project final ( ) TA Nepal- Road Maintenance and Rehabilitation Project Report No final km 130km 44
53 Report No. Report No. Bangladesh-Second Rural Roads and Market Improvement and Maintenance Project final NGO India-Andhra Pradesh State Highway Project (Haryana Highway Upgrade) PIC726-final TA TA China Second HenanProvincial Highway Project Report No final LSE ETC Yangjia-Baijiazhai Connection LSE 4 45
54 China- Second ShaanxiProvincial Highway Project Report No final Xian-Sanyuan class I highway 3 Turkey- Road Improvement and Traffic Safety Project Report No final (state and province) General Directorate of Highways (KGM) 600km 300km KGM 46
55 4.1.2 Kingdom of Morocco- Secondary, Tertiary and Rural Roads Projects Report No final km 96km 2219km Ghana- Highway Sector Investment Program Project JBIC Report No final VOC TA Brazil- Federal Highway Decentralization Project Report No. PIC1873-final TA TA TA 47
56 Report No. Russian Federation Bridge Rehabilitation Project PIC979-final TA Lithuania Highway Project Lithuania Report No final VOC Vilnius Kaunas 48
57 4.2 ADB ADB TA North Java Road Improvement Project Initial Listing 26 Jan 1995 Cost ADB (mill. $) km TA Jiangxi Highway Project Initial Listing 31 July 1995 Cost ADB (mill. $) Policy Dialogue 49
58 Almaty-Bishkek Regional Road Rehabilitation Initial Listing 1 June 1996 Cost ADB (mill. $) Policy Dialogue Almaty-Bishkek Georgievka 204km 2 Second Roads Development Initial Listing 1 Dec Cost ADB (mill. $) Policy Dialogue 288M/M 24M/M 50
59 Southern Provincial Roads Initial Listing 2 April 1997 Cost ADB (mill. $) /3(550km) Southern Provincial Road Development Authority (SPRDA) Policy Dialogue 4 Xieng Khouang Road Improvement Initial Listing April 1997 Cost ADB (mill. $) Policy Dialogue HebeiRoads Development Initial Listing June 1997 Cost ADB (mill. $) Policy Dialogue (Corporatization) 51
60 4.2.2 TA TA Western Transport Corridor Facilitating Private Participation (IND ) Initial Listing 1 Dec Cost($) JSF 1,000,000 NH4, NH8 Policy Dialogue 25M/M 16M/M Punjab Roads Sector Project (PAK ) Initial Listing 1 Dec 1997 Cost($) TASF 1,150,000 Communications and Works Dept 40M/M F/S West Bengal North-South Corridor Development (IND ) Initial Listing 1 May 1998 Cost($) TASF 1,000,000 PPP 46M/M O&M 52
61 Road Rehabilitation (TAJ ) Initial Listing 23 Nov Cost($) JSF 840,000 Policy Dialogue F/S 27M/M O&M 17M/M O&M Provincial Roads Improvement Initial Listing 5 July 1999 Cost($) TASF 1,000, M/M 240M/M Shanxi and ShaanxiRoads (PRC ) Initial Listing 16 Feb Cost($) JSF 640,000 F/S Policy Dialogue F/S 16M/M14M/M 53
62 4.3 JBIC 1Philippine-Japan Friendship Highway Rehabilitation Project (1) (PH-P145) D/D D/D Achimota-Anyinam Road Improvement Project AfDB BADEA Road Network Improvement Project SL-P A5 B13 ADB 54
63 SAPS Special Assistance for Project Sustainability * 5 National Highway No.5 Improvement Project VNI-4 VNII-4 VNIII JBIC 5 * 55
64 Transit New Zealand Transfund Transfund 3 Ian G. Heggie & Piers Vickers Commercial Management and Financing of Roads World Bank Technical Paper No. 409, May
65 RMS RMS GIS 7 MMS Ian G. Heggie Management and Financing of Roads World Bank Technical Paper No. 275 March, 1995 Ian G. Heggie & Piers Vickers Commercial Management and Financing of Roads World Bank Technical Paper No. 409 May, 1998 A 1986 The Road Maintenance Management SystemRMMS 1992 RMMS Ian G. Heggie & Piers Vickers Commercial Management and Financing of Roads World Bank Technical Paper No. 409 May,
66 ADB 9 10 SFED ADB Project Performance Audit Report on the Ninth Road (Maintenance) Sector Project in IndonesiaDec externalization Ian G. Heggie & Piers Vickers Commercial Management and Financing of Roads World Bank Technical Paper No. 409 May, 1998 TOR 1 potholes Ian G. Heggie & Piers Vickers Commercial Management and Financing of Roads World Bank Technical Paper No. 409 May, 1998 ADB ADB Technical Assistance Performance Audit Report on the Urban Transport Planning Project in MalaysiaDec
67 Ian G. Heggie & Piers Vickers Commercial Management and Financing of Roads, World Bank Technical Paper No. 409, May 1998 Ian G. Heggie Management and Financing of Roads, World Bank Technical Paper No. 275, March Namibia Ministry of Works, Transport & Communication, MWTC2000 Project Newsletters Ian G. Heggie Management and Financing of Roads, World Bank Technical Paper No. 275, March
68 Automatic Vehicle Identification ENP Ian G. Heggie & Piers Vickers Commercial Management and Financing of Roads, World Bank Technical Paper No. 409, May 1998 Ian G. Heggie Management and Financing of Roads, World Bank Technical Paper No. 275, March 1995 Fedhaul Fedhaul Ian G. Heggie & Piers Vickers Commercial Management and Financing of Roads, World Bank Technical Paper No. 409, May 1998 Ian G. Heggie Management and Financing of Roads, World Bank Technical Paper No. 275, March 1995 LPG 25% 75% (1) (2) 2 LPG 25% Ian G. Heggie et al. Review of Selected Road Funds, Commercialization of Roads: Annex 3 Ian G. Heggie & Piers Vickers Commercial Management and Financing of Roads, World Bank Technical Paper No. 409, May
69 Ian G. Heggie et al. Review of Selected Road Funds, Commercialization of Roads: Annex 3 Ian G. Heggie & Piers Vickers Commercial Management and Financing of Roads, World Bank Technical Paper No. 409, May 1998 National Road FundNRF NRF Transfund ( ) Transfund RAMM Transfund Ian G. Heggie et al. Review of Selected Road Funds, Commercialization of Roads: Annex 3 Ian G. Heggie & Piers Vickers Commercial Management and Financing of Roads, World Bank Technical Paper No. 409, May IMF Ian G. Heggie Management and Financing of Roads Technical Paper No. 275 March
70 Ian G. Heggie Management and Financing of Roads Technical Paper No. 275 March 1995 Ian G. Heggie Management and Financing of Roads Technical Paper No. 275 March 1995 Ian G. Heggie Management and Financing of Roads Technical Paper No. 275 March Ian G. Heggie Management and Financing of Roads Technical Paper No. 275 March
71 7.8 km 2.4 km 28 km km FinnRA Ian G. Heggie & Piers Vickers Commercial Management and Financing of Roads, World Bank Technical Paper No. 409, May 1998 Ian G. Heggie Cost Sharing Arrangements Used by Selected Local Government Road Agencies, March Ian G. Heggie Management and Financing of Roads Technical Paper No. 275 March 1995 Ian G. Heggie Management and Financing of Roads Technical Paper No. 275 March
72 Ian G. Heggie Management and Financing of Roads Technical Paper No. 275 March 1995 Ian G. Heggie & Piers Vickers Commercial Management and Financing of Roads, World Bank Technical Paper No. 409, May Land Transport Safety Authority Ian G. Heggie & Piers Vickers Commercial Management and Financing of Roads, World Bank Technical Paper No. 409, May 1998 The National Agency for Navigation and Freight 3% Ian G. Heggie & Piers Vickers Commercial Management and Financing of Roads, World Bank Technical Paper No. 409, May 1998 Ian G. Heggie Management and Financing of Roads March
73 15 9 Ian G. Heggie & Piers Vickers Commercial Management and Financing of Roads, World Bank Technical Paper No. 409, May 1998 Ian G. Heggie Management and Financing of Roads, World Bank Technical Paper No. 275, March Ian G. Heggie & Piers Vickers Commercial Management and Financing of Roads, World Bank Technical Paper No. 409, May Ian G. Heggie & Piers Vickers Commercial Management and Financing of Roads, World Bank Technical Paper No. 409, May
74 Ian G. Heggie Management and Financing of Roads Technical Paper No. 275 March 1995 PMO Ian G. Heggie Management and Financing of Roads Technical Paper No. 275 March 1995 DFR 2.2 km DFR DFR 25 Ian G. Heggie Management and Financing of Roads Technical Paper No. 275 March 1995 Ian G. Heggie & Piers Vickers Commercial Management and Financing of Roads, World Bank Technical Paper No. 409, May
75 US 300 US IMF
76 SIDA MWTC2000 MWTC2000 Roads Contractor Company Limited 3 Namibia Ministry of Works, Transport & Communication, MWTC2000 Project Newsletters Russia Highway Rehabilitation and Maintenance ProjectHRMP $300 mill.ln 3706-RU 1992 (FHWA)$5 mill (PQ) 20 JV 68
77 (micro empresas contract) 1990 Ministry of Public Works national road network Institute Nacional de Vias km micro empresas co-operatives micro empresas 70 road administrators "Restructuring Existing Road Agencies" Mar WBHP, Innovations, Annex 8 Direct Labor OrganizationDLOLegislation 1981 DLO DLO 1520% Miquel, S and J Condon, 1991, Assessment of road maintenance by contract. Infrastructure and Urban Development Department Report INU 91. Washington DC: The World Bank. 69
78 1991 SNRASwedish National Road Agency 1993 SNRA Periodic Maintenance 3 SNRA SNRA SNRA 15% 35 SNRA Production Unit "Restructuring Existing Road Agencies" Mar WBHP, Innovations, Annex 8 NRBNational Roads Board NRB ACEAssociation of Consulting Engineers of Zambia Province 1 District ACE 2.5% NRB reimburse District NRB "Contracting Out Planning and Management of Local Government Roads" Mar. 1999, WBHP, Innovations, Annex Miquel, S and J Condon, 1991, Assessment of road maintenance by contract. Infrastructure and Urban Development Department Report INU 91. Washington DC: The World Bank. 70
79 Lump sum contracts 10% Miquel, S and J Condon, 1991, Assessment of road maintenance by contract. Infrastructure and Urban Development Department Report INU 91. Washington DC: The World Bank. Lane Rental Contract) 1984 DOT 2 2,000 25,000 3,00040, National Audit Office, 1991, Management of road maintenance. London: HM Stationery Office. VE VE VE 2 71
80 DBFO PFI F D B O Shadow Toll 6 DBFO D B F O DBFO 15 Labour-based Routine Maintenance Contract Agreement/Lengthman Contractor System (fixed price contract) Jones, T E and R C Petts, Maintenance of minor roads using the lengthman contractor system. In: Fifth International Conference on Low Volume Roads, Raleigh North Carolina, May Transportation Research Record 1291, Vol. 1. Washington DC: Transportation Research Board, National Research Council;
81 (performance guarantees) 1% 5% 10% 12.5% 20% 10% 5% 5% 3% Miquel, S and J Condon, 1991, Assessment of road maintenance by contract. Infrastructure and Urban Development Department Report INU 91. Washington DC: The World Bank. 30 Miquel, S and J Condon, 1991, Assessment of road maintenance by contract. Infrastructure and Urban Development Department Report INU 91. Washington DC: The World Bank. 73
82 SATCC RA (Road Authority) Road Act RA RA RA 2 RA RA RA RA RA RA CEO RA "SATCC Model Legislation to Establish a Roads Authority" WBHP Innovations, Annex 4 The Highway AgencyHA HA 1994 DOT (Executive Agency) HA 66, HA HA DETR CEO DETR Home Page- HA Home Page- "Restructuring Existing Road Agencies" Mar WBHP, Innovations, Annex 8 74
83 The National Road Authority, Ltd.NRA NRA 1998 South African Roads Board NRA national road agency national road system km NRA NRA NRA DOT RMSroad management system "Restructuring Existing Road Agencies" Mar WBHP, Innovations, Annex "Examples of Some Road Management Boards" Mar, WBHP Innovations, Annex 7 National Road BoardNRB NRB 1994 "Roads and Road Traffic Act" Road Fund NRB 5 Finance, Works and Supplies, Transport and Communications, Local Government, and National Commission for Development Planning 7 Institute of Engineers, Institute of Transport, Copperbelt Univ. executive secretary "Examples of Some Road Management Boards" Mar, WBHP Innovations, Annex 7 75
84 SNRA RESULT UNIT 1990 Board of SNRA RA Result Unit 5 Ferries, Consultancy, Production, Training school, Traffic Data SNRA Production Unit Production Unit SNRA 1995 Production Unit 60 "Restructuring Existing Road Agencies" Mar WBHP, Innovations, Annex 8 Local Government Engineering DepartmentLGED LGED ,000km rural roads rural infrastructure worker groups LGED 9 10 "Special Purpose Agencies for Managing Rural Road Networks" Mar WBHP Innovations, Annex 9 76
85 Asian Development Bank (1996), Technical Assistance Performance Audit Report on the Urban Transport Planning Project in Malaysia, December 1996 Asian Development Bank (1997), Project Performance Audit Report on the Ninth Road (Maintenance) Sector Project in Indonesia, December 1997 Asian Development Bank (1998), "Special Evaluation Study on the Operation and Maintenance of Road Facilities and Their Impact on Project Sustainability," SST: REG 98014, December 1998 Gwilliam, Kenneth M. and Zmarak M. Shlizi (1997), "Road Funds, User Charges and Taxes," The World Bank Discussion Paper, September 1997 Heggie, Ian G. (1995), Management and Financing of Roads, The World Bank Technical Paper No. 275, March 1995 Heggie, Ian G. and Piers Vickers (1998), Commercial Management and Financing of Roads, The World Bank Technical Paper No. 409, May 1998 Heggie, Ian G. (1999), Cost Sharing Arrangements Used by Selected Local Government Road Agencies, The World Bank Policy Research Paper, March 1999 Namibia Ministry of Works, Transport & Communication (1999), MWTC2000 Project Newsletters 1999 National Audit Office (1991), Management of Road Maintenance, HM Stationery Office (UK) Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund (1998), Philippine-Japan Friendship Highway Mindanao Section Rehabilitation Project (1) Road Maintenance Sustainability Study, March 1998 Southern African Transport & Communications Commission (1998), Model Legislation on Road Authority World Bank Operations Evaluation Department (1997), "Precise No. 159." World Bank Operations Evaluation Department (1999), "Precise No. 190." 77
86 JBIC Research Paper Series 1. Issues of Sustainable Economic Growth from the Perspective of the Four East Asian Countries Organizational Capacity of Executing Agencies in the Developing Countries: Case Studies on Bangladesh, Thailand and Indonesia Urban Development and Housing Sector in Viet Nam Urban Public Transportation in Viet Nam :Improving Regulatory Framework BAAC No.1No.2 OECF Research Papers No OECF Research Papers No JBIC Research Paper No
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