Outline I. Introduction: II. Pr 2 Ir 2 O 7 Like-charge attraction III.
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1 Masafumi Udagawa Dept. of Physics, Gakushuin University Mar. 8, in Gakushuin University Reference M. U., L. D. C. Jaubert, C. Castelnovo and R. Moessner, arxiv:
2 Outline I. Introduction: II. Pr 2 Ir 2 O 7 Like-charge attraction III.
3 Introduction
4 : Ising? Ising (J > 0) H = J i,j σ i σ j (σ j = ±1) = J 4 & (σ i + σ j + σ k ) 2 + Const. i k j (Wannier) S = 0.323k B /spin (NOT 0.338!)
5 : Dy 2 Ti 2 O 7, Ho 2 Ti 2 O 7 : 2-in 2-out (Ramirez) : 0.229k B /spin Pauling ( Bethe ) S Pauling = k B 2 log k B/spin
6 : Fe 3 O 4 Fe 3 O 4 A-site Fe 3+ B-site Fe 2+, Fe 3+ T c =120K (Verway) B-site spinel T c (1eV 10 4 K) - (Anderson) T c E/ S
7 : LiV 2 O 4 Li V O 2 4 Specific heat C J. Kondo et al. (1999) C. Urano et al. (2000) γ = C/T m* S = T C T dt γ T m* = 200me
8
9
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25 Short summary : : : : /
26
27 Collaborators Dr. Ludovic D. C. Jaubert (OIST) Dr. Claudio Castelnovo (Cambridge) Prof. Roderich Moessner (MPI PKS Dresden)
28 Pr 2 Ir 2 O 7 : Ir: Itinerant site center of IrO octahedron 6 = Pr: Spin ice Fig.: Matsuhira (2008) A sub.: Pr spin ice B sub.: Ir e - Pr Ir
29 Pr 2 Ir 2 O 7 : Hall Anisotropy in σ xy (Machida 2007) 1e-04 8e-05 6e-05 [100] [111] Spin ice to Kagome ice crossover P triangle ~ 0.5 P triangle ~ 1.0 σ 4e-05 H 2e-05 H ~ 0 : spin ice : kagome ice Liquid-Gas crossover of monopoles 0-2e H / J spin Monopole gas Monopole liquid M. U. and R. Moessner (2013). Hall : σ xy J y = σ xy E x
30 Pr 2 Ir 2 O 7 : Hall conductivity ( Ω 1 cm 1 ) Temperature (K) B = Magnetization µ Β per Pr atom ( ) : 0.3K < T < 2K B [111]: 7 Tesla 0: (M = 0) Machida (2010)
31 (ac ) : Dipolar (Jaubert et al.) Exp. (Snyder et al.) Arrhenius Matsuhira (2004), Snyder (2004), Jaubert (2010)
32 : RKKY ( ) 2-in 2-out
33 Dy 2 Ti 2 O 7, Ho 2 Ti 2 O 7 : µ 0 [ Si S j 4π rij 3 3(S i r ij )(S j r ij ) ] rij 5 i<j
34 Dy 2 Ti 2 O 7, Ho 2 Ti 2 O 7 : µ 0 [ Si S j 4π rij 3 3(S i r ij )(S j r ij ) ] rij 5 i<j = +1-1
35 Dy 2 Ti 2 O 7, Ho 2 Ti 2 O 7 : µ 0 [ Si S j 4π rij 3 3(S i r ij )(S j r ij ) ] rij 5 i<j = +1-1
36 Dy 2 Ti 2 O 7, Ho 2 Ti 2 O 7 : µ 0 [ Si S j 4π rij 3 3(S i r ij )(S j r ij ) ] rij 5 i<j = +1-1
37 Dy 2 Ti 2 O 7, Ho 2 Ti 2 O 7 : µ 0 [ Si S j 4π r 3 3(S i r ij )(S j r ij ) ] i<j ij rij 5 Q i Q j r i<j ij = +1-1 : dipolar interaction : Coulomb interaction
38 : non-contractible pair (ac ) : Dipolar (Jaubert et al.) Exp. (Snyder et al.) Arrhenius Matsuhira (2004), Snyder (2004), Jaubert (2010) H = µ i Q 2 i i<j Q i Q j r ij Castelnovo (2010)
39 J 1 -J 2 -J 3 spin ice model RKKY : but fast-decaying: r 3 sign-alternating H = J 1 S i S j + J 2 S i S j + J 3 S i S j n.n. 2nd. 3rd. = J 1 η i η j + J 2 η i η j + J 3 η i η j n.n. 2nd. 3rd. J3 J1 J2 η i = +1( 1), for S i out (in) for sublattice A sublattice A 2-in 2-out Q = 0 Tetrahedral Charge: Q ( p 1 ) H = 2 J Q 2 p J Q p Q q p,q for J 2 = J 3 = J H. Ishizuka & Y. Motome (2013) p 3-in 1-out 1-in 3-out Q = -2 Q = +2
40 N M = 2 N : Ω 1, Ω M d dt P (Ω j) = 1 [P (Ω i )W (Ω i Ω j ) P (Ω j )W (Ω j Ω i )] τ 0 i j W (Ω i Ω j ): Thermal bath W (Ω i Ω j ) = exp( βe(ω j )) exp( βe(ω i )) + exp( βe(ω j ))
41 Results
42 Results: (J 2 = J 3 = 0): T quench: T = 10 0 Monopole density monopole density e log(time) [MCstep] Time Mean-field : ρ ρ 0 /( gρ 0t), with ρ 0 = (T = 10) d c.f. mean-field model: dt n + = d dt n = λn + n Castelnovo (2010)
43 Results: (J 2 = J 3 = 0): H quench: H = [111] Monopole density monopole density log(time) [MCstep] Time T T=0.1 = 0.1 T= Initial state Kagome Triangular Kagome
44 Results: J 1 J 2 J 3 model, (J 2 = J 3 = 0.1, T = 0.10): H quench Monopole density monopole density time [MCstep] monopole M Time Magnetization Normalized magnetization
45 Results: J 1 J 2 J 3 model, J = 0.10, T = 0.10 Monopole density monopole density monopole density Time J=-0.1, T=0.10 monopole magnetization tri magnetization (sat: 0.5) kag magnetization (sat: 0.5) 0 Magnetization (Triangular) Magnetization (Kagome) time [MCstep] time [MCstep] Normalized magnetization Magnetization ( 1 ) H = 2 + J Q 2 p + J Q p Q q p,q p Kagome Triangular Kagome
46 Results: J 1 J 2 J 3 model, J = 0.10, T = 0.10 Monopole density monopole density monopole density Time J=-0.1, T=0.10 monopole magnetization tri magnetization (sat: 0.5) kag magnetization (sat: 0.5) 0 Magnetization (Triangular) Magnetization (Kagome) time [MCstep] time [MCstep] Normalized magnetization Magnetization ( 1 ) H = 2 + J Q 2 p + J Q p Q q p,q p -
47 Results: J 1 J 2 J 3 model, J = 0.10, T = 0.10 Monopole density monopole density monopole density Time J=-0.1, T=0.10 monopole magnetization tri magnetization (sat: 0.5) kag magnetization (sat: 0.5) 0 Magnetization (Triangular) Magnetization (Kagome) time [MCstep] time [MCstep] Normalized magnetization Magnetization ( 1 ) H = 2 + J Q 2 p + J Q p Q q p,q p Exhaustion problem flip
48 Results: J 1 J 2 J 3 model, J = 0.10, T = 0.10 Monopole density monopole density monopole density Time J=-0.1, T=0.10 monopole magnetization tri magnetization (sat: 0.5) kag magnetization (sat: 0.5) 0 Magnetization (Triangular) Magnetization (Kagome) time [MCstep] time [MCstep] Normalized magnetization Magnetization ( 1 ) H = 2 + J Q 2 p + J Q p Q q p,q p 0 J < 0
49 Results: J 1 J 2 J 3 model, J > 0: H quench (J 2 = J 3 = J = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, J/T = 0.125) Monopole density 1.0 monopole density Magnetization time 10 2 [MCstep] Time 0.0 J/T 1
50 Results: J 1 J 2 J 3 model, J > 0: H quench (J 2 = J 3 = J 0.25, J/T = 0.125) Monopole density 1.0 monopole density time 10 2 [MCstep] Time J = Magnetization 1
51 Results: J 1 J 2 J 3 model, J 2 = J 3 = J > 0: H quench H = 1/4 H = 1 4 ( 1 ) 2 J Q 2 p J Q p Q q p,q p Q 2 p 1 4 p p,q Q p Q q = :
52 Results: Experimental Implication T How to estimate?
53 Results: Experimental Implication [00k] T = 0.1 K [hh0] T = 0.3 K [hh0] T = 1 K [hh0] pinch point B µ (0)B ν (r) = 1 3x µ x ν r 2 δ µν 4πK r 5 S µν (q) 1 ( δ µν q ) µq ν K q 2
54 Summary: J 1 J 2 J 3
[ ] (Ising model) 2 i S i S i = 1 (up spin : ) = 1 (down spin : ) (4.38) s z = ±1 4 H 0 = J zn/2 i,j S i S j (4.39) i, j z 5 2 z = 4 z = 6 3
4.2 4.2.1 [ ] (Ising model) 2 i S i S i = 1 (up spin : ) = 1 (down spin : ) (4.38) s z = ±1 4 H 0 = J zn/2 S i S j (4.39) i, j z 5 2 z = 4 z = 6 3 z = 6 z = 8 zn/2 1 2 N i z nearest neighbors of i j=1
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