Modal Phrase MP because but 2 IP Inflection Phrase IP as long as if IP 3 VP Verb Phrase VP while before [ MP MP [ IP IP [ VP VP ]]] [ MP [ IP [ VP ]]]

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1 pp N=23 (S)AdvOV (S)OAdvV 2 N=17 (S)OAdvV , 2008 Koizumi MP IP VP 1 MP

2 Modal Phrase MP because but 2 IP Inflection Phrase IP as long as if IP 3 VP Verb Phrase VP while before [ MP MP [ IP IP [ VP VP ]]] [ MP [ IP [ VP ]]] 3 MP IP VP MP AdvSOV IP AdvSOV SAdvOV VP SAdvOV SOAdvV VP SAdvOV SOAdvV : Adv S O V 2006 MP MP IP IP VP VP N=24 1 AdvSOV Adv S O V AdvSOV SAdvOV SAdvOV SOAdvV 2 196

3 (S)AdvOV (S)OAdvV 2 p N=23 3, , n.s. N= p.001 : S Adv O V n.s. N 2006 SAdvOV SOAdvV (S)AdvOV 48.4 (S)OAdvV 50.0 (S)OAdvV 80.7 (S)AdvOV 18.0 (S)OAdvV O (S) OAdvV

4 , 1982;, 1979;, 1989; Miyaoka and Tamaoka, 2005;, 2011, 2016;, 2011; Tamaoka, Lim and Sakai, 2004 Claude E. Shannon 1948 R Miyaoka and Tamaoka, 2005;, 2015;, 2011, 2016;, 2011; Tamaoka, Lim and Sakai,

5

6 / / , ,541,662 Purdue University, Atsushi Fukada 20 BCCWJ: Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese 1 430, 2007; Maekawa, Yamazaki, Ogiso, Maruyama, Ogura, Kashino, Koiso, Yamaguchi, Tanaka and Den, 2014 N=23 N= ,

7 / type frequency token frequency natural logarithm e e= Simpson D Simpson, 1949, 2000;, 2011; Yoshikane, Kageura and Tsuji, 2003 Simpson D, 2000;,

8 3 (%) N=23 N=15 1,044 3, , , ,062 8, , ,

9 N m D D D 3 Simpson D 1 D Simpson D r=.865, p< Simpson D Simpson D N=38 N=38, r=.032 (n.s.) N=38, r=.892 (p<.001) 2 N=38, r=.436 (p<.01) 203

10 t [t(36)=5.288 p<.001] [t(36)= p<.001] r=0.032 (n.s.) t [t(36)=5.297, p<.001] [t(36)=.916, n.s.] z SPSS % 204

11

12 N= N= N=

13 , 2008; Koizumi 1993;, Koizumi, M. (1993) Modal phrase and adjuncts. Japanese/Korean Linguistics, 2: Maekawa, K., Yamazaki, M., Ogiso,T., Maruyama, T., Ogura, H., Kashino, W., Koiso, H., Yamaguchi, M., Tanaka, M., & Den, Y. (2014) Balanced corpus of contemporary written Japanese. Language Resources and Evaluation, 48: Miyaoka, Y., & Tamaoka, K. (2005) An investigation of the right-hand head rule applied to Japanese affixes, Glottometrics, 10: Shannon, C. E. (1948) A mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Technical Journal, 27: (Part I) and (Part II). Simpson, E. H. (1949) Measurement of Diversity. Nature, 163: 688. Tamaoka, K., Hyunjung L., & Sakai, H. (2004) Entropy and redundancy of Japanese lexical and syntactic compound verbs. Journal of Quantitative Linguistics, 11(3): Yoshikane, F., Kageura, K., & Tsuji, K. (2003) A method for the comparative analysis of concentration of author productivity, giving consideration to the effect of sample size dependency of statistical measures. Journal of the American Society for Informative 207

14 Science and Technology, 54(6): (pp / : (8): : : (1): : : (pp :

15 Mathematical Linguistics, Vol.30 No.4 (March 2016) pp Paper B An Investigation of Collocational Patterns of Manner and Resultative Adverbials with Verbs Based on Indexes of Entropy and Redundancy NAMBA Emi (Graduate School of Languages and Cultures, Nagoya University, Japan) TAMAOKA Katsuo (Graduate School of Languages and Cultures, Nagoya University, Japan) Abstract: A recent newspaper corpus on Japanese verb phrase adverbials (Namba & Tamaoka, 2014) revealed that the canonical positions for manner and resultative adverbials are SOAdvV for resultative adverbials and SAdvOV and SOAdvV for manner adverbials. This difference of adverbial position is assumed to be derived from the strength of the selectional restriction between an adverbial and a verb. Since the adverbials have different positions, the selectional restriction for each adverbial type should be distinctly unique from each other. The current study investigated this claim by using a newspaper corpus to calculate type and token frequencies of the collocations of adverbial type with verbs and calculated two indexes of entropy and redundancy for each adverbial type. A cluster analysis revealed that while manner adverbials were likely to co-occur with various types of verbs found within a single cluster, resultative adverbials, on the other hand, were likely to occur with specific verb types classified in a separate cluster. From the collocation patterns of adverbials, manner adverbials were shown to have loose selectional restriction whereas resultative adverbials were strict. Keywords: manner and resultative adverbials, collocation pattern, entropy, redundancy, selectional restriction, canonical order 209

36 Theoretical and Applied Linguistics at Kobe Shoin No. 20, 2017 : Key Words: syntactic compound verbs, lexical compound verbs, aspectual compound ve

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