Earthquake induced tsunamis Tsunamis can be generated when the sea floor abruptly deforms and vertically displaces the overlying water. F.Imamura, DRC

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Mechanism of tsunami generation Predicting the propagation, runup and inundation of tsunamis

1 Devastating damage by the 2004 Indian ocean tsunami and their lessons for mitigation in the future Fumihiko Imamura, Prof. Tsunami Eng, Director of DCRC, Tohoku Univ. Mechanism of tsunami generation Predicting the propagation, runup and inundation of tsunamis Mechanism of the earthquake and tsunami Damage in Sri Lanka and Indonesia Photos, videos and imagination with CG tools F.Imamura, DRCR 1

2 Earthquake induced tsunamis Tsunamis can be generated when the sea floor abruptly deforms and vertically displaces the overlying water. F.Imamura, DRCR 2

3 Propagation : Shoaling effect The deeper the water and the longer the wave, the faster the tsunami propagate. The back of wave overtake another,decreasing the distance between them F.Imamura, DRCR 3

4 F.Imamura, DRCR 4

5 Generation and Propagation of the 1896 Sanriku tsunami

6 Damage by the 1896 Sanriku Tsunami F.Imamura, DRCR 6

1960 Structural mitigation (hard) sea wall, breakwater Integrated

7 Tsunami, their management Countermeasure to reduce damage due to tsunamis in past : education/memorial Resettlement to higher location Recent after 1960 Structural mitigation (hard) sea wall, breakwater Integrated prevention with soft JMA tsunami warning Hazard maps Community program F.Imamura, DRCR 7

8 Functions of disaster prevention --- Function to stop drifts Tsunami direction Coastal forest Fishing boat Cultivate rafts F.Imamura, DRCR Chileian tsunami at Kesen-numa Japan, (Izumi,1961)

9 F.Imamura, DRCR 9

10 2004 Aftershocks, faults model & tsunami source, JAMSTEC F.Imamura, DRCR 10

11 Deformation of the sea floor and land due to the fault motion F.Imamura, DRCR 11

12 The 2004 Tsunami Generation and Propagation By DPRI, Kyoto Univ. F.Imamura, DRCR 12

13 The 2004 Tsunami observed in the Antarctic Continent F.Imamura, DRCR 13

14 (2m) m Colombo Moratuwa Panadula Paiyangala Beruwala Jan. 04 Jan Ambalangoda Hikkaduwa Dodanduwa Galle Koggala Weligama m Jan. 05 F.Imamura, DRCR 14 Temporal web;

15 News on the damaged train by the tsunami F.Imamura, DRCR 15

16 beach road 64m leaf tarnished washed train railway 188m 188m 228m The most damaged area in Sri Lanka where the trains stopped 200m away from the coast were washed away by the 2nd tsunami attack. F.Imamura, DRCR 16

17 The most damaged area in Sri Lanka where the trains stopped 200m away from the coast were washed away by the 2nd tsunami attack. F.Imamura, DRCR 17

18 F.Imamura, DRCR 18 The Computer Graphic which is made for public awareness, cooperated by NHK, Japan

19 view 1 beach road view 1 62m 142m F.Imamura, DRCR 19

20 All houses at Kahawa were destroyed completely by the tsunami F.Imamura, DRCR 20

21 F.Imamura, DRCR 21

22 Measured runup heights in the north Sumatora (RADARSAT) F.Imamura, DRCR 22

Gempuran Tsunami LHOK NGA Tanggal : 10 Januari 2003 (Sebelum

23 Arah Gempuran Tsunami 11 km BANDA ACEH Gempuran tsunami dari selatan dan utara Hampir tembus BANDA ACEH LHOK NGA Arah Gempuran Tsunami LHOK NGA Tanggal : 10 Januari 2003 (Sebelum Tsunami) F.Imamura, DRCR Tanggal : 29 Desember (Sesudah Tsunami)

24 Sumatora, Lhok Nga; severe damage 2-3km 34m F.Imamura, DRCR 24

25 Indonesia, Sumatora, Dr.Jose Borrero, USC F.Imamura, DRCR 25

26 F.Imamura, DRCR 26

27 F.Imamura, DRCR 27

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30 12 30 F.Imamura, DRCR 30

31 F.Imamura, DRCR 31

32 Video taken at the center of Banda Aceh F.Imamura, DRCR 32

33 F.Imamura, DRCR 33 The Computer Graphic which is made for public awareness, cooperated by NHK, Japan

34 26 December March 2005 F.Imamura, DRCR 34

35 2004 Great Indian Ocean tsunami- Developing the monitoring and warning system with information technology evacuation system Integrated disaster mitigation program for each region to mitigate tsunamis as well as typhoons, erosion and flood. Data Base to compile the all data International network for the community, education and Hazards map F.Imamura, DRCR 35

36 Tsunami Warning System 1. Estimating the occurrence of a tsunami by seismic information(magnitude, location and depth) 2. Data base of the simulation with assumptions 3. Real time analysis with the tentative fault model 4. Revision of the tentative fault model by the observation data JMA Tsunami warning F.Imamura, DRCR 36

37 Accuracy of the simulation Major causes of low accuracy induced by ; Initial source; location and slip Modeling and Geometry data For example. The fixed epicenter and variety of locations in the fault F.Imamura, DRCR 37

Possibility of the Tsunami Warning using

38 Possibility of the Tsunami Warning using by the Simulation Under the TIME project South-Honshu Ridge Carlsberg Ridge Chagos-Laccadive Ridge Mascarene Ridge Ninetyeast Ridge Cooperated with the F.Imamura, Deployment DRCRof Asia-Pacific-Indian Ocean Hazard- 38 mitigation Network for Earthquakes and Volcanoes: DAPHNE Project

39 To reduce damage and casualties The Three Helps of disaster measures Problem in tsunami warning; The people could not see the impact/terror of tsunami only by warning with the tsunami information; arrival time and heights. They should understand its impact have the imagination before the tsunami attack through making hazards map and having workshop. Public help Tsunami warning Self help workshop Mutual help Risk communication F.Imamura, DRCR 39

40 Community-based Programs for awareness of tsunami disaster Location of the program leadership Program goals and training approaches Use of volunteers Targeted organisational unit Knowing what to do in the face of hazard Curriculum intervention for disaster mitigation from the hazard management community Curricula for responsible citizenship F.Imamura, DRCR 40

41 Making the original hazard maps In the past, the map was provided by the local government but no use for the people Original information should be included Selecting the base map Collecting the information of risk Discussion what information be included Checking them by town-walking inundation F.Imamura, DRCR 41

42 Hazards map and WorkShop making HM with the residents F.Imamura, DRCR 42

43 F.Imamura, DRCR 43

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untitled Annuals of Disas. Prev. Res. Inst., Kyoto Univ., No. 48 A, 2005 1. 2004 26 9 4,000m 28 8.7 2. 2004 12 26 M9.0 6cm ( 1,600km) ( 6,000km) 1900 Table 23 2 150 60 2 22 7 72 7,530 11 (1) 1755 62,000 (2) 1782