薄膜結晶成長の基礎2.dvi

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "薄膜結晶成長の基礎2.dvi"

Transcription

1 N ΔμN ( N 2/3 ) N - (seed) (nucleation) Makio Uwaha. uwaha@nagoya-u.jp; 2 [1] [2] [3](e) 3

2 2.1: [1] 2.1 ( ) 1 (cluster) ( N S ) 2 ( ) 2.1(a) e δg/kbt 2.1(b) 1 N S N S (thermodynamical critical nucleus) 1. δn S δg < 0 2.

3 3. N S α R δg(r) = 4π 3 R3 n S Δμ +4πR 2 α (2.1) n S =1/v S Δμ = μ L (T L,P L ) μ S (T L,P L ) (2.2) L T L P L ( ) ((1.5) ) μ S (T L,P L ) μ S (T L,P S ) μ L (T L,P L )=μ S (T L,P S ) P S P L R c δg (2.1) R R c = 2α (2.3) n S Δμ δg c δg(r c ) = 16π 3 = 4π 3 R2 cα α 3 n 2 S (Δμ)2 = 2π 3 R3 cn S Δμ (2.4) 2 δg c 1/3 3 Δμ 1/2 2.2

4 2.2: ( ) ( ) ( ) (a) (b) (c) [2] N 2.2 Δμ <0 2.2(a) (1.27) (2.1) Δμ eff = (δg) N S =Δμ 2α Rn S (2.5) N S =(4π/3)R 3 n S (4πR 2 )/ N S =2/Rn S Δμ <0 Δμ eff Δμ =0 2.2(b) Δμ >0 2.2(c) N c

5 (a) (b) 2.3: (a) (b) N 2.2(a) N n N (t) ( 2.2(a)) N =1 ( monomer) N : n N (t) t = n 1 (t)n N 1 (t)σ N 1 n 1 (t)n N (t)σ N +n N+1 (t)λ N+1 n N (t)λ N. (2.6) σ N N N =1 λ N N (Becker-Döring theory) ( 2.3) ( ) λ N N n N (t) = j N 1 (t) j N (t), t (2.7) j N (t) =n 1 (t)n N (t)σ N n N+1 (t)λ N+1 (2.8)

6 2.4: 4 Nn N (t) [4] ( 2.3(b)) j N (t) N N +1 (2.8) N 1 (2.6) (2.7) N 2 n 1 (t) t = f 2n 2 1 (t)σ 1 n 1 (t) n N (t)σ N +2n 2 (t)λ 2 + N=2 N=3 n N (t)λ N (2.9) f 2 f =0 ( [2] ) 1. N c 2. n 1 j st n 1 σ Nc n 1 e δg Nc /k BT (2.10) n 1 n 1 e δg Nc /k BT n Nn N (t)

7 2.5: 50 Nn N (t) [4] Nn N (t) ( 2.5) 50 1 N c (t) N c (t) (Ostwald ripening) n N (t) = N c(0) N 2 c (t) ν(n/n c(t)), (2.11) ν(x) ( ) - - (2.3) 2 (1.29) R 2c = Ω 2β (2.12) Δμ ( )Δμ R c t 1/2 R c t 1/3

8 2.3 2 MBE 2 MBE (molecular beam epitaxy: MBE) ( ) 2 2 MBE N c =1 N c ( 2,3 ) n 1 (t) N c 2 (stable island) n si (t) = N=N c+1 n N (t) (2.13) N c =1 N 2 (2.6) (2.9) n 1 (t) t n si (t) t = f 2D s σ 1 n 2 1 (t) D sσ(t)n 1 (t)n si (t), (2.14) = D s σ 1 n 2 1(t), (2.15) 1 2 N =2 3 D s σ N σ N (capture number) σ(t) σ(t) = 1 n si (t) N=N c+1 σ N n N (t) (2.16)

9 (2.14) (2.15) n 1 (t) n si (t) (2.16) ( [5]) 2 n 1 (t) ft Ω 2 1 Θ(t) =Ω 2 N=1 Nn N (t) =Ω 2 ft (2.17) 2 (2.14) 2 3 (2.15) n si (t) 1 3 D sσ 1 f 2 t 3 D s Ω 3 2 f σ 1Θ 3 (2.18) 3 (2.14) 2 3 n 1 (t)/ t 0 n si (t) 2 n 1 (t) f D s σ(t)n si (t) (2.19) (2.15) σ(t) n si (t) ( ) f 2/3 (3D s σ 1 t) 1/3 D s σ 1 σ 1/3 ( ) 1 Ω 2 1/3 2 f Ω 2 σ 2/3 Θ 1/3. (2.20) D s 1/3 (f/d s ) 1/3

10 2.6: 2.4 (homogeneous necleation) (heterogeneous necleation) (epitaxial growth) 2.6 θ α gw = α lw + α lg cos θ (2.21) ( gass wall liquid ) θ α gw α lw α lg cos θ = α gw α lw s (2.22) α lg (wetting) 1. α lw >α gw + α lg : ( 2.6(a)) 2. α lg <α gw α lw <α lg : (2.3) n S n L

11 2.7: [2] (a) (d) α lw θ ( 2.6(b)) 3. α gw >α lw + α lg : θ =0 δg c =0 ( 2.6(c)) α lw α gw α lw <α gw α gw <α lw ( 2.7) ( ) (a) 1 2 ( 2.6 (c) ) (d) ( 2.6 (a) ) (b) (c) ( 2.6 (b) )

12 (W) (S) α SW α SW α W α SW α W α(001) <α SW α W α(001) >α SW α W α(ˆn) α S δg c = 1 2 ΔμN c. (2.23) [2] δg c δg c 2.7 (a) (b) (c) (d) [1], 2 ( 2002). [2], 2 ( 2008). [3] : (a), (,, 1984) (b), ( 2002) (c), ( 2003) (d) 7 ( 2002) (e), ( 1997). [4] ( ) [5] T. Michely and J. Krug, Islands, Mounds, and Atoms: Patterns and Processes in Crystal Growth Far from Equilibrium, (Springer, Berlin, 2004).

1 (Berry,1975) 2-6 p (S πr 2 )p πr 2 p 2πRγ p p = 2γ R (2.5).1-1 : : : : ( ).2 α, β α, β () X S = X X α X β (.1) 1 2

1 (Berry,1975) 2-6 p (S πr 2 )p πr 2 p 2πRγ p p = 2γ R (2.5).1-1 : : : : ( ).2 α, β α, β () X S = X X α X β (.1) 1 2 2005 9/8-11 2 2.2 ( 2-5) γ ( ) γ cos θ 2πr πρhr 2 g h = 2γ cos θ ρgr (2.1) γ = ρgrh (2.2) 2 cos θ θ cos θ = 1 (2.2) γ = 1 ρgrh (2.) 2 2. p p ρgh p ( ) p p = p ρgh (2.) h p p = 2γ r 1 1 (Berry,1975) 2-6

More information

薄膜結晶成長の基礎4.dvi

薄膜結晶成長の基礎4.dvi 4 464-8602 1 [1] 2 (STM: scanning tunneling microscope) (AFM: atomic force microscope) 1 ( ) 4 LPE(liquid phase epitaxy) 4.1 - - - - (Burton Cabrera Frank) BCF [2] P f = (4.1) 2πmkB T 1 Makio Uwaha. E-mail:uwaha@nagoya-u.jp;

More information

B

B B YES NO 5 7 6 1 4 3 2 BB BB BB AA AA BB 510J B B A 510J B A A A A A A 510J B A 510J B A A A A A 510J M = σ Z Z = M σ AAA π T T = a ZP ZP = a AAA π B M + M 2 +T 2 M T Me = = 1 + 1 + 2 2 M σ Te = M 2 +T

More information

研修コーナー

研修コーナー l l l l l l l l l l l α α β l µ l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

More information

(Compton Scattering) Beaming 1 exp [i (k x ωt)] k λ k = 2π/λ ω = 2πν k = ω/c k x ωt ( ω ) k α c, k k x ωt η αβ k α x β diag( + ++) x β = (ct, x) O O x

(Compton Scattering) Beaming 1 exp [i (k x ωt)] k λ k = 2π/λ ω = 2πν k = ω/c k x ωt ( ω ) k α c, k k x ωt η αβ k α x β diag( + ++) x β = (ct, x) O O x Compton Scattering Beaming exp [i k x ωt] k λ k π/λ ω πν k ω/c k x ωt ω k α c, k k x ωt η αβ k α x β diag + ++ x β ct, x O O x O O v k α k α β, γ k γ k βk, k γ k + βk k γ k k, k γ k + βk 3 k k 4 k 3 k

More information

85 4

85 4 85 4 86 Copright c 005 Kumanekosha 4.1 ( ) ( t ) t, t 4.1.1 t Step! (Step 1) (, 0) (Step ) ±V t (, t) I Check! P P V t π 54 t = 0 + V (, t) π θ : = θ : π ) θ = π ± sin ± cos t = 0 (, 0) = sin π V + t +V

More information

2007 5 iii 1 1 1.1.................... 1 2 5 2.1 (shear stress) (shear strain)...... 5 2.1.1...................... 6 2.1.2.................... 6 2.2....................... 7 2.2.1........................

More information

薄膜結晶成長の基礎3.dvi

薄膜結晶成長の基礎3.dvi 3 464-8602 1 [1] 2 3 (epitaxy) (homoepitaxy) (heteroepitaxy) 1 Makio Uwaha. E-mail:uwaha@nagoya-u.jp; http://slab.phys.nagoya-u.ac.jp/uwaha/ 2 3.1 [2] (strain) r u(r) ɛ αγ (r) = 1 ( uα + u ) γ (3.1) 2

More information

TOP URL 1

TOP URL   1 TOP URL http://amonphys.web.fc2.com/ 1 30 3 30.1.............. 3 30.2........................... 4 30.3...................... 5 30.4........................ 6 30.5.................................. 8 30.6...............................

More information

( ) 2.1. C. (1) x 4 dx = 1 5 x5 + C 1 (2) x dx = x 2 dx = x 1 + C = 1 2 x + C xdx (3) = x dx = 3 x C (4) (x + 1) 3 dx = (x 3 + 3x 2 + 3x +

( ) 2.1. C. (1) x 4 dx = 1 5 x5 + C 1 (2) x dx = x 2 dx = x 1 + C = 1 2 x + C xdx (3) = x dx = 3 x C (4) (x + 1) 3 dx = (x 3 + 3x 2 + 3x + (.. C. ( d 5 5 + C ( d d + C + C d ( d + C ( ( + d ( + + + d + + + + C (5 9 + d + d tan + C cos (sin (6 sin d d log sin + C sin + (7 + + d ( + + + + d log( + + + C ( (8 d 7 6 d + 6 + C ( (9 ( d 6 + 8 d

More information

N cos s s cos ψ e e e e 3 3 e e 3 e 3 e

N cos s s cos ψ e e e e 3 3 e e 3 e 3 e 3 3 5 5 5 3 3 7 5 33 5 33 9 5 8 > e > f U f U u u > u ue u e u ue u ue u e u e u u e u u e u N cos s s cos ψ e e e e 3 3 e e 3 e 3 e 3 > A A > A E A f A A f A [ ] f A A e > > A e[ ] > f A E A < < f ; >

More information

64 3 g=9.85 m/s 2 g=9.791 m/s 2 36, km ( ) 1 () 2 () m/s : : a) b) kg/m kg/m k

64 3 g=9.85 m/s 2 g=9.791 m/s 2 36, km ( ) 1 () 2 () m/s : : a) b) kg/m kg/m k 63 3 Section 3.1 g 3.1 3.1: : 64 3 g=9.85 m/s 2 g=9.791 m/s 2 36, km ( ) 1 () 2 () 3 9.8 m/s 2 3.2 3.2: : a) b) 5 15 4 1 1. 1 3 14. 1 3 kg/m 3 2 3.3 1 3 5.8 1 3 kg/m 3 3 2.65 1 3 kg/m 3 4 6 m 3.1. 65 5

More information

limit&derivative

limit&derivative - - 7 )................................................................................ 5.................................. 7.. e ).......................... 9 )..........................................

More information

9 5 ( α+ ) = (α + ) α (log ) = α d = α C d = log + C C 5. () d = 4 d = C = C = 3 + C 3 () d = d = C = C = 3 + C 3 =

9 5 ( α+ ) = (α + ) α (log ) = α d = α C d = log + C C 5. () d = 4 d = C = C = 3 + C 3 () d = d = C = C = 3 + C 3 = 5 5. 5.. A II f() f() F () f() F () = f() C (F () + C) = F () = f() F () + C f() F () G() f() G () = F () 39 G() = F () + C C f() F () f() F () + C C f() f() d f() f() C f() f() F () = f() f() f() d =

More information

nsg04-28/ky208684356100043077

nsg04-28/ky208684356100043077 δ!!! μ μ μ γ UBE3A Ube3a Ube3a δ !!!! α α α α α α α α α α μ μ α β α β β !!!!!!!! μ! Suncus murinus μ Ω! π μ Ω in vivo! μ μ μ!!! ! in situ! in vivo δ δ !!!!!!!!!! ! in vivo Orexin-Arch Orexin-Arch !!

More information

19 σ = P/A o σ B Maximum tensile strength σ % 0.2% proof stress σ EL Elastic limit Work hardening coefficient failure necking σ PL Proportional

19 σ = P/A o σ B Maximum tensile strength σ % 0.2% proof stress σ EL Elastic limit Work hardening coefficient failure necking σ PL Proportional 19 σ = P/A o σ B Maximum tensile strength σ 0. 0.% 0.% proof stress σ EL Elastic limit Work hardening coefficient failure necking σ PL Proportional limit ε p = 0.% ε e = σ 0. /E plastic strain ε = ε e

More information

untitled

untitled D nucleation 3 3D nucleation Glucose isomerase 10 V / nm s -1 5 0 0 5 10 C - C e / mg ml -1 kinetics µ R K kt kinetics kinetics kinetics r β π µ π r a r s + a s : β: µ πβ µ β s c s c a a r, & exp exp

More information

3 3.1 R r r + R R r Rr [ ] ˆn(r) = ˆn(r + R) (3.1) R R = r ˆn(r) = ˆn(0) r 0 R = r C nn (r, r ) = C nn (r + R, r + R) = C nn (r r, 0) (3.2) ( 2.2 ) C

3 3.1 R r r + R R r Rr [ ] ˆn(r) = ˆn(r + R) (3.1) R R = r ˆn(r) = ˆn(0) r 0 R = r C nn (r, r ) = C nn (r + R, r + R) = C nn (r r, 0) (3.2) ( 2.2 ) C 3 3.1 R r r + R R r Rr [ ] ˆn(r) = ˆn(r + R) (3.1) R R = r ˆn(r) = ˆn(0) r 0 R = r C nn (r, r ) = C nn (r + R, r + R) = C nn (r r, 0) (3.2) ( 2.2 ) C nn (r r ) = C nn (R(r r )) [2 ] 2 g(r, r ) ˆn(r) ˆn(r

More information

V(x) m e V 0 cos x π x π V(x) = x < π, x > π V 0 (i) x = 0 (V(x) V 0 (1 x 2 /2)) n n d 2 f dξ 2ξ d f 2 dξ + 2n f = 0 H n (ξ) (ii) H

V(x) m e V 0 cos x π x π V(x) = x < π, x > π V 0 (i) x = 0 (V(x) V 0 (1 x 2 /2)) n n d 2 f dξ 2ξ d f 2 dξ + 2n f = 0 H n (ξ) (ii) H 199 1 1 199 1 1. Vx) m e V cos x π x π Vx) = x < π, x > π V i) x = Vx) V 1 x /)) n n d f dξ ξ d f dξ + n f = H n ξ) ii) H n ξ) = 1) n expξ ) dn dξ n exp ξ )) H n ξ)h m ξ) exp ξ )dξ = π n n!δ n,m x = Vx)

More information

chap1.dvi

chap1.dvi 1 1 007 1 e iθ = cos θ + isin θ 1) θ = π e iπ + 1 = 0 1 ) 3 11 f 0 r 1 1 ) k f k = 1 + r) k f 0 f k k = 01) f k+1 = 1 + r)f k ) f k+1 f k = rf k 3) 1 ) ) ) 1+r/)f 0 1 1 + r/) f 0 = 1 + r + r /4)f 0 1 f

More information

: , 2.0, 3.0, 2.0, (%) ( 2.

: , 2.0, 3.0, 2.0, (%) ( 2. 2017 1 2 1.1...................................... 2 1.2......................................... 4 1.3........................................... 10 1.4................................. 14 1.5..........................................

More information

) a + b = i + 6 b c = 6i j ) a = 0 b = c = 0 ) â = i + j 0 ˆb = 4) a b = b c = j + ) cos α = cos β = 6) a ˆb = b ĉ = 0 7) a b = 6i j b c = i + 6j + 8)

) a + b = i + 6 b c = 6i j ) a = 0 b = c = 0 ) â = i + j 0 ˆb = 4) a b = b c = j + ) cos α = cos β = 6) a ˆb = b ĉ = 0 7) a b = 6i j b c = i + 6j + 8) 4 4 ) a + b = i + 6 b c = 6i j ) a = 0 b = c = 0 ) â = i + j 0 ˆb = 4) a b = b c = j + ) cos α = cos β = 6) a ˆb = b ĉ = 0 7) a b = 6i j b c = i + 6j + 8) a b a b = 6i j 4 b c b c 9) a b = 4 a b) c = 7

More information

5 c P 5 kn n t π (.5 P 7 MP π (.5 n t n cos π. MP 6 4 t sin π 6 cos π 6.7 MP 4 P P N i i i i N i j F j ii N i i ii F j i i N ii li i F j i ij li i i i

5 c P 5 kn n t π (.5 P 7 MP π (.5 n t n cos π. MP 6 4 t sin π 6 cos π 6.7 MP 4 P P N i i i i N i j F j ii N i i ii F j i i N ii li i F j i ij li i i i i j ij i j ii,, i j ij ij ij (, P P P P θ N θ P P cosθ N F N P cosθ F Psinθ P P F P P θ N P cos θ cos θ cosθ F P sinθ cosθ sinθ cosθ sinθ 5 c P 5 kn n t π (.5 P 7 MP π (.5 n t n cos π. MP 6 4 t sin π 6

More information

TOP URL 1

TOP URL   1 TOP URL http://amonphys.web.fc.com/ 3.............................. 3.............................. 4.3 4................... 5.4........................ 6.5........................ 8.6...........................7

More information

1 911 9001030 9:00 A B C D E F G H I J K L M 1A0900 1B0900 1C0900 1D0900 1E0900 1F0900 1G0900 1H0900 1I0900 1J0900 1K0900 1L0900 1M0900 9:15 1A0915 1B0915 1C0915 1D0915 1E0915 1F0915 1G0915 1H0915 1I0915

More information

さくらの個別指導 ( さくら教育研究所 ) A a 1 a 2 a 3 a n {a n } a 1 a n n n 1 n n 0 a n = 1 n 1 n n O n {a n } n a n α {a n } α {a

さくらの個別指導 ( さくら教育研究所 ) A a 1 a 2 a 3 a n {a n } a 1 a n n n 1 n n 0 a n = 1 n 1 n n O n {a n } n a n α {a n } α {a ... A a a a 3 a n {a n } a a n n 3 n n n 0 a n = n n n O 3 4 5 6 n {a n } n a n α {a n } α {a n } α α {a n } a n n a n α a n = α n n 0 n = 0 3 4. ()..0.00 + (0.) n () 0. 0.0 0.00 ( 0.) n 0 0 c c c c c

More information

K E N Z U 01 7 16 HP M. 1 1 4 1.1 3.......................... 4 1.................................... 4 1..1..................................... 4 1...................................... 5................................

More information

v v = v 1 v 2 v 3 (1) R = (R ij ) (2) R (R 1 ) ij = R ji (3) 3 R ij R ik = δ jk (4) i=1 δ ij Kronecker δ ij = { 1 (i = j) 0 (i

v v = v 1 v 2 v 3 (1) R = (R ij ) (2) R (R 1 ) ij = R ji (3) 3 R ij R ik = δ jk (4) i=1 δ ij Kronecker δ ij = { 1 (i = j) 0 (i 1. 1 1.1 1.1.1 1.1.1.1 v v = v 1 v 2 v 3 (1) R = (R ij ) (2) R (R 1 ) ij = R ji (3) R ij R ik = δ jk (4) δ ij Kronecker δ ij = { 1 (i = j) 0 (i j) (5) 1 1.1. v1.1 2011/04/10 1. 1 2 v i = R ij v j (6) [

More information

N/m f x x L dl U 1 du = T ds pdv + fdl (2.1)

N/m f x x L dl U 1 du = T ds pdv + fdl (2.1) 23 2 2.1 10 5 6 N/m 2 2.1.1 f x x L dl U 1 du = T ds pdv + fdl (2.1) 24 2 dv = 0 dl ( ) U f = T L p,t ( ) S L p,t (2.2) 2 ( ) ( ) S f = L T p,t p,l (2.3) ( ) U f = L p,t + T ( ) f T p,l (2.4) 1 f e ( U/

More information

TOP URL 1

TOP URL   1 TOP URL http://amonphys.web.fc.com/ 1 19 3 19.1................... 3 19.............................. 4 19.3............................... 6 19.4.............................. 8 19.5.............................

More information

W u = u(x, t) u tt = a 2 u xx, a > 0 (1) D := {(x, t) : 0 x l, t 0} u (0, t) = 0, u (l, t) = 0, t 0 (2)

W u = u(x, t) u tt = a 2 u xx, a > 0 (1) D := {(x, t) : 0 x l, t 0} u (0, t) = 0, u (l, t) = 0, t 0 (2) 3 215 4 27 1 1 u u(x, t) u tt a 2 u xx, a > (1) D : {(x, t) : x, t } u (, t), u (, t), t (2) u(x, ) f(x), u(x, ) t 2, x (3) u(x, t) X(x)T (t) u (1) 1 T (t) a 2 T (t) X (x) X(x) α (2) T (t) αa 2 T (t) (4)

More information

chap9.dvi

chap9.dvi 9 AR (i) (ii) MA (iii) (iv) (v) 9.1 2 1 AR 1 9.1.1 S S y j = (α i + β i j) D ij + η j, η j = ρ S η j S + ε j (j =1,,T) (1) i=1 {ε j } i.i.d(,σ 2 ) η j (j ) D ij j i S 1 S =1 D ij =1 S>1 S =4 (1) y j =

More information

Z: Q: R: C: sin 6 5 ζ a, b

Z: Q: R: C: sin 6 5 ζ a, b Z: Q: R: C: 3 3 7 4 sin 6 5 ζ 9 6 6............................... 6............................... 6.3......................... 4 7 6 8 8 9 3 33 a, b a bc c b a a b 5 3 5 3 5 5 3 a a a a p > p p p, 3,

More information

[ ] 0.1 lim x 0 e 3x 1 x IC ( 11) ( s114901) 0.2 (1) y = e 2x (x 2 + 1) (2) y = x/(x 2 + 1) 0.3 dx (1) 1 4x 2 (2) e x sin 2xdx (3) sin 2 xdx ( 11) ( s

[ ] 0.1 lim x 0 e 3x 1 x IC ( 11) ( s114901) 0.2 (1) y = e 2x (x 2 + 1) (2) y = x/(x 2 + 1) 0.3 dx (1) 1 4x 2 (2) e x sin 2xdx (3) sin 2 xdx ( 11) ( s [ ]. lim e 3 IC ) s49). y = e + ) ) y = / + ).3 d 4 ) e sin d 3) sin d ) s49) s493).4 z = y z z y s494).5 + y = 4 =.6 s495) dy = 3e ) d dy d = y s496).7 lim ) lim e s49).8 y = e sin ) y = sin e 3) y =

More information

°ÌÁê¿ô³ØII

°ÌÁê¿ô³ØII July 14, 2007 Brouwer f f(x) = x x f(z) = 0 2 f : S 2 R 2 f(x) = f( x) x S 2 3 3 2 - - - 1. X x X U(x) U(x) x U = {U(x) x X} X 1. U(x) A U(x) x 2. A U(x), A B B U(x) 3. A, B U(x) A B U(x) 4. A U(x),

More information

LLG-R8.Nisus.pdf

LLG-R8.Nisus.pdf d M d t = γ M H + α M d M d t M γ [ 1/ ( Oe sec) ] α γ γ = gµ B h g g µ B h / π γ g = γ = 1.76 10 [ 7 1/ ( Oe sec) ] α α = λ γ λ λ λ α γ α α H α = γ H ω ω H α α H K K H K / M 1 1 > 0 α 1 M > 0 γ α γ =

More information

1 1 sin cos P (primary) S (secondly) 2 P S A sin(ω2πt + α) A ω 1 ω α V T m T m 1 100Hz m 2 36km 500Hz. 36km 1

1 1 sin cos P (primary) S (secondly) 2 P S A sin(ω2πt + α) A ω 1 ω α V T m T m 1 100Hz m 2 36km 500Hz. 36km 1 sin cos P (primary) S (secondly) 2 P S A sin(ω2πt + α) A ω ω α 3 3 2 2V 3 33+.6T m T 5 34m Hz. 34 3.4m 2 36km 5Hz. 36km m 34 m 5 34 + m 5 33 5 =.66m 34m 34 x =.66 55Hz, 35 5 =.7 485.7Hz 2 V 5Hz.5V.5V V

More information

Gmech08.dvi

Gmech08.dvi 51 5 5.1 5.1.1 P r P z θ P P P z e r e, z ) r, θ, ) 5.1 z r e θ,, z r, θ, = r sin θ cos = r sin θ sin 5.1) e θ e z = r cos θ r, θ, 5.1: 0 r

More information

微分積分 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます. このサンプルページの内容は, 初版 1 刷発行時のものです.

微分積分 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます.   このサンプルページの内容は, 初版 1 刷発行時のものです. 微分積分 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます. ttp://www.morikita.co.jp/books/mid/00571 このサンプルページの内容は, 初版 1 刷発行時のものです. i ii 014 10 iii [note] 1 3 iv 4 5 3 6 4 x 0 sin x x 1 5 6 z = f(x, y) 1 y = f(x)

More information

201711grade1ouyou.pdf

201711grade1ouyou.pdf 2017 11 26 1 2 52 3 12 13 22 23 32 33 42 3 5 3 4 90 5 6 A 1 2 Web Web 3 4 1 2... 5 6 7 7 44 8 9 1 2 3 1 p p >2 2 A 1 2 0.6 0.4 0.52... (a) 0.6 0.4...... B 1 2 0.8-0.2 0.52..... (b) 0.6 0.52.... 1 A B 2

More information

30

30 3 ............................................2 2...........................................2....................................2.2...................................2.3..............................

More information

QMII_10.dvi

QMII_10.dvi 65 1 1.1 1.1.1 1.1 H H () = E (), (1.1) H ν () = E ν () ν (). (1.) () () = δ, (1.3) μ () ν () = δ(μ ν). (1.4) E E ν () E () H 1.1: H α(t) = c (t) () + dνc ν (t) ν (), (1.5) H () () + dν ν () ν () = 1 (1.6)

More information

知能科学:ニューラルネットワーク

知能科学:ニューラルネットワーク 2 3 4 (Neural Network) (Deep Learning) (Deep Learning) ( x x = ax + b x x x ? x x x w σ b = σ(wx + b) x w b w b .2.8.6 σ(x) = + e x.4.2 -.2 - -5 5 x w x2 w2 σ x3 w3 b = σ(w x + w 2 x 2 + w 3 x 3 + b) x,

More information

知能科学:ニューラルネットワーク

知能科学:ニューラルネットワーク 2 3 4 (Neural Network) (Deep Learning) (Deep Learning) ( x x = ax + b x x x ? x x x w σ b = σ(wx + b) x w b w b .2.8.6 σ(x) = + e x.4.2 -.2 - -5 5 x w x2 w2 σ x3 w3 b = σ(w x + w 2 x 2 + w 3 x 3 + b) x,

More information

医系の統計入門第 2 版 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます. このサンプルページの内容は, 第 2 版 1 刷発行時のものです.

医系の統計入門第 2 版 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます.   このサンプルページの内容は, 第 2 版 1 刷発行時のものです. 医系の統計入門第 2 版 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます. http://www.morikita.co.jp/books/mid/009192 このサンプルページの内容は, 第 2 版 1 刷発行時のものです. i 2 t 1. 2. 3 2 3. 6 4. 7 5. n 2 ν 6. 2 7. 2003 ii 2 2013 10 iii 1987

More information

.2 ρ dv dt = ρk grad p + 3 η grad (divv) + η 2 v.3 divh = 0, rote + c H t = 0 dive = ρ, H = 0, E = ρ, roth c E t = c ρv E + H c t = 0 H c E t = c ρv T

.2 ρ dv dt = ρk grad p + 3 η grad (divv) + η 2 v.3 divh = 0, rote + c H t = 0 dive = ρ, H = 0, E = ρ, roth c E t = c ρv E + H c t = 0 H c E t = c ρv T NHK 204 2 0 203 2 24 ( ) 7 00 7 50 203 2 25 ( ) 7 00 7 50 203 2 26 ( ) 7 00 7 50 203 2 27 ( ) 7 00 7 50 I. ( ν R n 2 ) m 2 n m, R = e 2 8πε 0 hca B =.09737 0 7 m ( ν = ) λ a B = 4πε 0ħ 2 m e e 2 = 5.2977

More information

[ ] (Ising model) 2 i S i S i = 1 (up spin : ) = 1 (down spin : ) (4.38) s z = ±1 4 H 0 = J zn/2 i,j S i S j (4.39) i, j z 5 2 z = 4 z = 6 3

[ ] (Ising model) 2 i S i S i = 1 (up spin : ) = 1 (down spin : ) (4.38) s z = ±1 4 H 0 = J zn/2 i,j S i S j (4.39) i, j z 5 2 z = 4 z = 6 3 4.2 4.2.1 [ ] (Ising model) 2 i S i S i = 1 (up spin : ) = 1 (down spin : ) (4.38) s z = ±1 4 H 0 = J zn/2 S i S j (4.39) i, j z 5 2 z = 4 z = 6 3 z = 6 z = 8 zn/2 1 2 N i z nearest neighbors of i j=1

More information

[Ver. 0.2] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1 1.1 1 1.2 1. (elasticity) 2. (plasticity) 3. (strength) 4. 5. (toughness) 6. 1 1.2 1. (elasticity) } 1 1.2 2. (plasticity), 1 1.2 3. (strength) a < b F

More information

#A A A F, F d F P + F P = d P F, F y P F F x A.1 ( α, 0), (α, 0) α > 0) (x, y) (x + α) 2 + y 2, (x α) 2 + y 2 d (x + α)2 + y 2 + (x α) 2 + y 2 =

#A A A F, F d F P + F P = d P F, F y P F F x A.1 ( α, 0), (α, 0) α > 0) (x, y) (x + α) 2 + y 2, (x α) 2 + y 2 d (x + α)2 + y 2 + (x α) 2 + y 2 = #A A A. F, F d F P + F P = d P F, F P F F A. α, 0, α, 0 α > 0, + α +, α + d + α + + α + = d d F, F 0 < α < d + α + = d α + + α + = d d α + + α + d α + = d 4 4d α + = d 4 8d + 6 http://mth.cs.kitmi-it.c.jp/

More information

18 I ( ) (1) I-1,I-2,I-3 (2) (3) I-1 ( ) (100 ) θ ϕ θ ϕ m m l l θ ϕ θ ϕ 2 g (1) (2) 0 (3) θ ϕ (4) (3) θ(t) = A 1 cos(ω 1 t + α 1 ) + A 2 cos(ω 2 t + α

18 I ( ) (1) I-1,I-2,I-3 (2) (3) I-1 ( ) (100 ) θ ϕ θ ϕ m m l l θ ϕ θ ϕ 2 g (1) (2) 0 (3) θ ϕ (4) (3) θ(t) = A 1 cos(ω 1 t + α 1 ) + A 2 cos(ω 2 t + α 18 I ( ) (1) I-1,I-2,I-3 (2) (3) I-1 ( ) (100 ) θ ϕ θ ϕ m m l l θ ϕ θ ϕ 2 g (1) (2) 0 (3) θ ϕ (4) (3) θ(t) = A 1 cos(ω 1 t + α 1 ) + A 2 cos(ω 2 t + α 2 ), ϕ(t) = B 1 cos(ω 1 t + α 1 ) + B 2 cos(ω 2 t

More information

A = A x x + A y y + A, B = B x x + B y y + B, C = C x x + C y y + C..6 x y A B C = A x x + A y y + A B x B y B C x C y C { B = A x x + A y y + A y B B

A = A x x + A y y + A, B = B x x + B y y + B, C = C x x + C y y + C..6 x y A B C = A x x + A y y + A B x B y B C x C y C { B = A x x + A y y + A y B B 9 7 A = A x x + A y y + A, B = B x x + B y y + B, C = C x x + C y y + C..6 x y A B C = A x x + A y y + A B x B y B C x C y C { B = A x x + A y y + A y B B x x B } B C y C y + x B y C x C C x C y B = A

More information

Xray.dvi

Xray.dvi 1 X 1 X 1 1.1.............................. 1 1.2.................................. 3 1.3........................ 3 2 4 2.1.................................. 6 2.2 n ( )............. 6 3 7 3.1 ( ).....................

More information

I A A441 : April 21, 2014 Version : Kawahira, Tomoki TA (Kondo, Hirotaka ) Google

I A A441 : April 21, 2014 Version : Kawahira, Tomoki TA (Kondo, Hirotaka ) Google I4 - : April, 4 Version :. Kwhir, Tomoki TA (Kondo, Hirotk) Google http://www.mth.ngoy-u.c.jp/~kwhir/courses/4s-biseki.html pdf 4 4 4 4 8 e 5 5 9 etc. 5 6 6 6 9 n etc. 6 6 6 3 6 3 7 7 etc 7 4 7 7 8 5 59

More information

CG38.PDF

CG38.PDF ............3...3...6....6....8.....8.....4...9 3....9 3.... 3.3...4 3.4...36...39 4....39 4.....39 4.....4 4....49 4.....5 4.....57...64 5....64 5....66 5.3...68 5.4...7 5.5...77...8 6....8 6.....8 6.....83

More information

Gmech08.dvi

Gmech08.dvi 145 13 13.1 13.1.1 0 m mg S 13.1 F 13.1 F /m S F F 13.1 F mg S F F mg 13.1: m d2 r 2 = F + F = 0 (13.1) 146 13 F = F (13.2) S S S S S P r S P r r = r 0 + r (13.3) r 0 S S m d2 r 2 = F (13.4) (13.3) d 2

More information

6 2 2 x y x y t P P = P t P = I P P P ( ) ( ) ,, ( ) ( ) cos θ sin θ cos θ sin θ, sin θ cos θ sin θ cos θ y x θ x θ P

6 2 2 x y x y t P P = P t P = I P P P ( ) ( ) ,, ( ) ( ) cos θ sin θ cos θ sin θ, sin θ cos θ sin θ cos θ y x θ x θ P 6 x x 6.1 t P P = P t P = I P P P 1 0 1 0,, 0 1 0 1 cos θ sin θ cos θ sin θ, sin θ cos θ sin θ cos θ x θ x θ P x P x, P ) = t P x)p ) = t x t P P ) = t x = x, ) 6.1) x = Figure 6.1 Px = x, P=, θ = θ P

More information

1 1.1 ( ). z = a + bi, a, b R 0 a, b 0 a 2 + b 2 0 z = a + bi = ( ) a 2 + b 2 a a 2 + b + b 2 a 2 + b i 2 r = a 2 + b 2 θ cos θ = a a 2 + b 2, sin θ =

1 1.1 ( ). z = a + bi, a, b R 0 a, b 0 a 2 + b 2 0 z = a + bi = ( ) a 2 + b 2 a a 2 + b + b 2 a 2 + b i 2 r = a 2 + b 2 θ cos θ = a a 2 + b 2, sin θ = 1 1.1 ( ). z = + bi,, b R 0, b 0 2 + b 2 0 z = + bi = ( ) 2 + b 2 2 + b + b 2 2 + b i 2 r = 2 + b 2 θ cos θ = 2 + b 2, sin θ = b 2 + b 2 2π z = r(cos θ + i sin θ) 1.2 (, ). 1. < 2. > 3. ±,, 1.3 ( ). A

More information

δf = δn I [ ( FI (N I ) N I ) T,V δn I [ ( FI N I ( ) F N T,V ( ) FII (N N I ) + N I ) ( ) FII T,V N II T,V T,V ] ] = 0 = 0 (8.2) = µ (8.3) G

δf = δn I [ ( FI (N I ) N I ) T,V δn I [ ( FI N I ( ) F N T,V ( ) FII (N N I ) + N I ) ( ) FII T,V N II T,V T,V ] ] = 0 = 0 (8.2) = µ (8.3) G 8 ( ) 8. 1 ( ) F F = F I (N I, T, V I ) + F II (N II, T, V II ) (8.1) F δf = δn I [ ( FI (N I ) N I 8. 1 111 ) T,V δn I [ ( FI N I ( ) F N T,V ( ) FII (N N I ) + N I ) ( ) FII T,V N II T,V T,V ] ] = 0

More information

数学概論I

数学概論I {a n } M >0 s.t. a n 5 M for n =1, 2,... lim n a n = α ε =1 N s.t. a n α < 1 for n > N. n > N a n 5 a n α + α < 1+ α. M := max{ a 1,..., a N, 1+ α } a n 5 M ( n) 1 α α 1+ α t a 1 a N+1 a N+2 a 2 1 a n

More information

2009 IA I 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, a h f(x) x x a h

2009 IA I 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, a h f(x) x x a h 009 IA I, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 7 7 4 5 h fx) x x h 4 5 4 5 1 3 1.1........................... 3 1........................... 4 1.3..................................... 6 1.4.............................. 8 1.4.1..............................

More information

( ) ) ) ) 5) 1 J = σe 2 6) ) 9) 1955 Statistical-Mechanical Theory of Irreversible Processes )

( ) ) ) ) 5) 1 J = σe 2 6) ) 9) 1955 Statistical-Mechanical Theory of Irreversible Processes ) ( 3 7 4 ) 2 2 ) 8 2 954 2) 955 3) 5) J = σe 2 6) 955 7) 9) 955 Statistical-Mechanical Theory of Irreversible Processes 957 ) 3 4 2 A B H (t) = Ae iωt B(t) = B(ω)e iωt B(ω) = [ Φ R (ω) Φ R () ] iω Φ R (t)

More information

1 3 1.1.......................... 3 1............................... 3 1.3....................... 5 1.4.......................... 6 1.5........................ 7 8.1......................... 8..............................

More information

2000年度『数学展望 I』講義録

2000年度『数学展望 I』講義録 2000 I I IV I II 2000 I I IV I-IV. i ii 3.10 (http://www.math.nagoya-u.ac.jp/ kanai/) 2000 A....1 B....4 C....10 D....13 E....17 Brouwer A....21 B....26 C....33 D....39 E. Sperner...45 F....48 A....53

More information

lim lim lim lim 0 0 d lim 5. d 0 d d d d d d 0 0 lim lim 0 d

lim lim lim lim 0 0 d lim 5. d 0 d d d d d d 0 0 lim lim 0 d lim 5. 0 A B 5-5- A B lim 0 A B A 5. 5- 0 5-5- 0 0 lim lim 0 0 0 lim lim 0 0 d lim 5. d 0 d d d d d d 0 0 lim lim 0 d 0 0 5- 5-3 0 5-3 5-3b 5-3c lim lim d 0 0 5-3b 5-3c lim lim lim d 0 0 0 3 3 3 3 3 3

More information

simx simxdx, cosxdx, sixdx 6.3 px m m + pxfxdx = pxf x p xf xdx = pxf x p xf x + p xf xdx 7.4 a m.5 fx simxdx 8 fx fx simxdx = πb m 9 a fxdx = πa a =

simx simxdx, cosxdx, sixdx 6.3 px m m + pxfxdx = pxf x p xf xdx = pxf x p xf x + p xf xdx 7.4 a m.5 fx simxdx 8 fx fx simxdx = πb m 9 a fxdx = πa a = II 6 ishimori@phys.titech.ac.jp 6.. 5.4.. f Rx = f Lx = fx fx + lim = lim x x + x x f c = f x + x < c < x x x + lim x x fx fx x x = lim x x f c = f x x < c < x cosmx cosxdx = {cosm x + cosm + x} dx = [

More information

6 2 T γ T B (6.4) (6.1) [( d nm + 3 ] 2 nt B )a 3 + nt B da 3 = 0 (6.9) na 3 = T B V 3/2 = T B V γ 1 = const. or T B a 2 = const. (6.10) H 2 = 8π kc2

6 2 T γ T B (6.4) (6.1) [( d nm + 3 ] 2 nt B )a 3 + nt B da 3 = 0 (6.9) na 3 = T B V 3/2 = T B V γ 1 = const. or T B a 2 = const. (6.10) H 2 = 8π kc2 1 6 6.1 (??) (P = ρ rad /3) ρ rad T 4 d(ρv ) + PdV = 0 (6.1) dρ rad ρ rad + 4 da a = 0 (6.2) dt T + da a = 0 T 1 a (6.3) ( ) n ρ m = n (m + 12 ) m v2 = n (m + 32 ) T, P = nt (6.4) (6.1) d [(nm + 32 ] )a

More information

.5 z = a + b + c n.6 = a sin t y = b cos t dy d a e e b e + e c e e e + e 3 s36 3 a + y = a, b > b 3 s363.7 y = + 3 y = + 3 s364.8 cos a 3 s365.9 y =,

.5 z = a + b + c n.6 = a sin t y = b cos t dy d a e e b e + e c e e e + e 3 s36 3 a + y = a, b > b 3 s363.7 y = + 3 y = + 3 s364.8 cos a 3 s365.9 y =, [ ] IC. r, θ r, θ π, y y = 3 3 = r cos θ r sin θ D D = {, y ; y }, y D r, θ ep y yddy D D 9 s96. d y dt + 3dy + y = cos t dt t = y = e π + e π +. t = π y =.9 s6.3 d y d + dy d + y = y =, dy d = 3 a, b

More information

SO(2)

SO(2) TOP URL http://amonphys.web.fc2.com/ 1 12 3 12.1.................................. 3 12.2.......................... 4 12.3............................. 5 12.4 SO(2).................................. 6

More information

4 Mindlin -Reissner 4 δ T T T εσdω= δ ubdω+ δ utd Γ Ω Ω Γ T εσ (1.1) ε σ u b t 3 σ ε. u T T T = = = { σx σ y σ z τxy τ yz τzx} { εx εy εz γ xy γ yz γ

4 Mindlin -Reissner 4 δ T T T εσdω= δ ubdω+ δ utd Γ Ω Ω Γ T εσ (1.1) ε σ u b t 3 σ ε. u T T T = = = { σx σ y σ z τxy τ yz τzx} { εx εy εz γ xy γ yz γ Mindlin -Rissnr δ εσd δ ubd+ δ utd Γ Γ εσ (.) ε σ u b t σ ε. u { σ σ σ z τ τ z τz} { ε ε εz γ γ z γ z} { u u uz} { b b bz} b t { t t tz}. ε u u u u z u u u z u u z ε + + + (.) z z z (.) u u NU (.) N U

More information

[1] convention Minkovski i Polchinski [2] 1 Clifford Spin 1 2 Euclid Clifford 2 3 Euclid Spin 6 4 Euclid Pin Clifford Spin 10 A 12 B 17 1 Cliffo

[1] convention Minkovski i Polchinski [2] 1 Clifford Spin 1 2 Euclid Clifford 2 3 Euclid Spin 6 4 Euclid Pin Clifford Spin 10 A 12 B 17 1 Cliffo [1] convention Minkovski i Polchinski [2] 1 Clifford Spin 1 2 Euclid Clifford 2 3 Euclid Spin 6 4 Euclid Pin + 8 5 Clifford Spin 10 A 12 B 17 1 Clifford Spin D Euclid Clifford Γ µ, µ = 1,, D {Γ µ, Γ ν

More information

Hanbury-Brown Twiss (ver. 2.0) van Cittert - Zernike mutual coherence

Hanbury-Brown Twiss (ver. 2.0) van Cittert - Zernike mutual coherence Hanbury-Brown Twiss (ver. 2.) 25 4 4 1 2 2 2 2.1 van Cittert - Zernike..................................... 2 2.2 mutual coherence................................. 4 3 Hanbury-Brown Twiss ( ) 5 3.1............................................

More information

7 π L int = gψ(x)ψ(x)φ(x) + (7.4) [ ] p ψ N = n (7.5) π (π +,π 0,π ) ψ (σ, σ, σ )ψ ( A) σ τ ( L int = gψψφ g N τ ) N π * ) (7.6) π π = (π, π, π ) π ±

7 π L int = gψ(x)ψ(x)φ(x) + (7.4) [ ] p ψ N = n (7.5) π (π +,π 0,π ) ψ (σ, σ, σ )ψ ( A) σ τ ( L int = gψψφ g N τ ) N π * ) (7.6) π π = (π, π, π ) π ± 7 7. ( ) SU() SU() 9 ( MeV) p 98.8 π + π 0 n 99.57 9.57 97.4 497.70 δm m 0.4%.% 0.% 0.8% π 9.57 4.96 Σ + Σ 0 Σ 89.6 9.46 K + K 0 49.67 (7.) p p = αp + βn, n n = γp + δn (7.a) [ ] p ψ ψ = Uψ, U = n [ α

More information

1 n 1 1 2 2 3 3 3.1............................ 3 3.2............................. 6 3.2.1.............. 6 3.2.2................. 7 3.2.3........................... 10 4 11 4.1..........................

More information

8 (2006 ) X ( ) 1. X X X 2. ( ) ( ) ( 1) X (a) (b) 1: (a) (b)

8 (2006 ) X ( ) 1. X X X 2. ( ) ( ) ( 1) X (a) (b) 1: (a) (b) 8 (2006 ) X ( ) 1. X X X 2. ( ) ( ) ( 1) X (a) (b) 1: (a) (b) X hkl 2θ ω 000 2: ω X 2θ X 3: X 2 X ω X 2θ X θ-2θ X X 2-1. ( ) ( 3) X 2θ ω 4 Si GaAs Si/Si GaAs/GaAs X 2θ : 2 2θ 000 ω 000 ω ω = θ 4: 2θ ω

More information

untitled

untitled . 96. 99. ( 000 SIC SIC N88 SIC for Windows95 6 6 3 0 . amano No.008 6. 6.. z σ v σ v γ z (6. σ 0 (a (b 6. (b 0 0 0 6. σ σ v σ σ 0 / v σ v γ z σ σ 0 σ v 0γ z σ / σ ν /( ν, ν ( 0 0.5 0.0 0 v sinφ, φ 0 (6.

More information

arxiv: v1(astro-ph.co)

arxiv: v1(astro-ph.co) arxiv:1311.0281v1(astro-ph.co) R µν 1 2 Rg µν + Λg µν = 8πG c 4 T µν Λ f(r) R f(r) Galileon φ(t) Massive Gravity etc... Action S = d 4 x g (L GG + L m ) L GG = K(φ,X) G 3 (φ,x)φ + G 4 (φ,x)r + G 4X (φ)

More information

1 9 v.0.1 c (2016/10/07) Minoru Suzuki T µ 1 (7.108) f(e ) = 1 e β(e µ) 1 E 1 f(e ) (Bose-Einstein distribution function) *1 (8.1) (9.1)

1 9 v.0.1 c (2016/10/07) Minoru Suzuki T µ 1 (7.108) f(e ) = 1 e β(e µ) 1 E 1 f(e ) (Bose-Einstein distribution function) *1 (8.1) (9.1) 1 9 v..1 c (216/1/7) Minoru Suzuki 1 1 9.1 9.1.1 T µ 1 (7.18) f(e ) = 1 e β(e µ) 1 E 1 f(e ) (Bose-Einstein distribution function) *1 (8.1) (9.1) E E µ = E f(e ) E µ (9.1) µ (9.2) µ 1 e β(e µ) 1 f(e )

More information

Note.tex 2008/09/19( )

Note.tex 2008/09/19( ) 1 20 9 19 2 1 5 1.1........................ 5 1.2............................. 8 2 9 2.1............................. 9 2.2.............................. 10 3 13 3.1.............................. 13 3.2..................................

More information

『共形場理論』

『共形場理論』 T (z) SL(2, C) T (z) SU(2) S 1 /Z 2 SU(2) (ŜU(2) k ŜU(2) 1)/ŜU(2) k+1 ŜU(2)/Û(1) G H N =1 N =1 N =1 N =1 N =2 N =2 N =2 N =2 ĉ>1 N =2 N =2 N =4 N =4 1 2 2 z=x 1 +ix 2 z f(z) f(z) 1 1 4 4 N =4 1 = = 1.3

More information

1 (1) () (3) I 0 3 I I d θ = L () dt θ L L θ I d θ = L = κθ (3) dt κ T I T = π κ (4) T I κ κ κ L l a θ L r δr δl L θ ϕ ϕ = rθ (5) l

1 (1) () (3) I 0 3 I I d θ = L () dt θ L L θ I d θ = L = κθ (3) dt κ T I T = π κ (4) T I κ κ κ L l a θ L r δr δl L θ ϕ ϕ = rθ (5) l 1 1 ϕ ϕ ϕ S F F = ϕ (1) S 1: F 1 1 (1) () (3) I 0 3 I I d θ = L () dt θ L L θ I d θ = L = κθ (3) dt κ T I T = π κ (4) T I κ κ κ L l a θ L r δr δl L θ ϕ ϕ = rθ (5) l : l r δr θ πrδr δf (1) (5) δf = ϕ πrδr

More information

7

7 01111() 7.1 (ii) 7. (iii) 7.1 poit defect d hkl d * hkl ε Δd hkl d hkl ~ Δd * hkl * d hkl (7.1) f ( ε ) 1 πσ e ε σ (7.) σ relative strai root ea square d * siθ λ (7.) Δd * cosθ Δθ λ (7.4) ε Δθ ( Δθ ) Δd

More information

1 y(t)m b k u(t) ẋ = [ 0 1 k m b m x + [ 0 1 m u, x = [ ẏ y (1) y b k m u

1 y(t)m b k u(t) ẋ = [ 0 1 k m b m x + [ 0 1 m u, x = [ ẏ y (1) y b k m u ( ) LPV( ) 1 y(t)m b k u(t) ẋ = [ 0 1 k m b m x + [ 0 1 m u, x = [ ẏ y (1) y b k m u m 1 m m 2, b 1 b b 2, k 1 k k 2 (2) [m b k ( ) k 0 b m ( ) 2 ẋ = Ax, x(0) 0 (3) (x(t) 0) ( ) V (x) V (x) = x T P x >

More information

( ) ( ) 1729 (, 2016:17) = = (1) 1 1

( ) ( ) 1729 (, 2016:17) = = (1) 1 1 1729 1 2016 10 28 1 1729 1111 1111 1729 (1887 1920) (1877 1947) 1729 (, 2016:17) 12 3 1728 9 3 729 1729 = 12 3 + 1 3 = 10 3 + 9 3 (1) 1 1 2 1729 1729 19 13 7 = 1729 = 12 3 + 1 3 = 10 3 + 9 3 13 7 = 91

More information

() n C + n C + n C + + n C n n (3) n C + n C + n C 4 + n C + n C 3 + n C 5 + (5) (6 ) n C + nc + 3 nc n nc n (7 ) n C + nc + 3 nc n nc n (

() n C + n C + n C + + n C n n (3) n C + n C + n C 4 + n C + n C 3 + n C 5 + (5) (6 ) n C + nc + 3 nc n nc n (7 ) n C + nc + 3 nc n nc n ( 3 n nc k+ k + 3 () n C r n C n r nc r C r + C r ( r n ) () n C + n C + n C + + n C n n (3) n C + n C + n C 4 + n C + n C 3 + n C 5 + (4) n C n n C + n C + n C + + n C n (5) k k n C k n C k (6) n C + nc

More information

kawa (Spin-Orbit Tomography: Kawahara and Fujii 21,Kawahara and Fujii 211,Fujii & Kawahara submitted) 2 van Cittert-Zernike Appendix A V 2

kawa (Spin-Orbit Tomography: Kawahara and Fujii 21,Kawahara and Fujii 211,Fujii & Kawahara submitted) 2 van Cittert-Zernike Appendix A V 2 Hanbury-Brown Twiss (ver. 1.) 24 2 1 1 1 2 2 2.1 van Cittert - Zernike..................................... 2 2.2 mutual coherence................................. 3 3 Hanbury-Brown Twiss ( ) 4 3.1............................................

More information

1 1 u m (t) u m () exp [ (cπm + (πm κ)t (5). u m (), U(x, ) f(x) m,, (4) U(x, t) Re u k () u m () [ u k () exp(πkx), u k () exp(πkx). f(x) exp[ πmxdx

1 1 u m (t) u m () exp [ (cπm + (πm κ)t (5). u m (), U(x, ) f(x) m,, (4) U(x, t) Re u k () u m () [ u k () exp(πkx), u k () exp(πkx). f(x) exp[ πmxdx 1 1 1 1 1. U(x, t) U(x, t) + c t x c, κ. (1). κ U(x, t) x. (1) 1, f(x).. U(x, t) U(x, t) + c κ U(x, t), t x x : U(, t) U(1, t) ( x 1), () : U(x, ) f(x). (3) U(x, t). [ U(x, t) Re u k (t) exp(πkx). (4)

More information

1 (Contents) (1) Beginning of the Universe, Dark Energy and Dark Matter Noboru NAKANISHI 2 2. Problem of Heat Exchanger (1) Kenji

1 (Contents) (1) Beginning of the Universe, Dark Energy and Dark Matter Noboru NAKANISHI 2 2. Problem of Heat Exchanger (1) Kenji 8 4 2018 6 2018 6 7 1 (Contents) 1. 2 2. (1) 22 3. 31 1. Beginning of the Universe, Dark Energy and Dark Matter Noboru NAKANISHI 2 2. Problem of Heat Exchanger (1) Kenji SETO 22 3. Editorial Comments Tadashi

More information

Part () () Γ Part ,

Part () () Γ Part , Contents a 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7. 8.. 8.. 8.3. 8 Part. 9. 9.. 9.. 3. 3.. 3.. 3 4. 5 4.. 5 4.. 9 4.3. 3 Part. 6 5. () 6 5.. () 7 5.. 9 5.3. Γ 3 6. 3 6.. 3 6.. 3 6.3. 33 Part 3. 34 7. 34 7.. 34 7.. 34 8. 35

More information

6 19,,,

6 19,,, 6 19,,, 15 6 19 4-2 à A si A s n + a n s n 1 + + a 2 s + a 1 à 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 a 1 a 2 a n 1 a n à ( 1, λ i, λ i 2,, λ i n 1 ) T ( λ i, λ 2 i,, λ n 1 i, a 1 a 2 λ i a n λ ) n 1 T i ( ) λ i 1, λ i,, λ

More information

振動工学に基礎

振動工学に基礎 Ky Words. ω. ω.3 osω snω.4 ω snω ω osω.5 .6 ω osω snω.7 ω ω ( sn( ω φ.7 ( ω os( ω φ.8 ω ( ω sn( ω φ.9 ω anφ / ω ω φ ω T ω T s π T π. ω Hz ω. T π π rad/s π ω π T. T ω φ 6. 6. 4. 4... -... -. -4. -4. -6.

More information

ω 0 m(ẍ + γẋ + ω0x) 2 = ee (2.118) e iωt x = e 1 m ω0 2 E(ω). (2.119) ω2 iωγ Z N P(ω) = χ(ω)e = exzn (2.120) ϵ = ϵ 0 (1 + χ) ϵ(ω) ϵ 0 = 1 +

ω 0 m(ẍ + γẋ + ω0x) 2 = ee (2.118) e iωt x = e 1 m ω0 2 E(ω). (2.119) ω2 iωγ Z N P(ω) = χ(ω)e = exzn (2.120) ϵ = ϵ 0 (1 + χ) ϵ(ω) ϵ 0 = 1 + 2.6 2.6.1 ω 0 m(ẍ + γẋ + ω0x) 2 = ee (2.118) e iωt x = e 1 m ω0 2 E(ω). (2.119) ω2 iωγ Z N P(ω) = χ(ω)e = exzn (2.120) ϵ = ϵ 0 (1 + χ) ϵ(ω) ϵ 0 = 1 + Ne2 m j f j ω 2 j ω2 iωγ j (2.121) Z ω ω j γ j f j

More information