28 1 29
8km 20km [1] [2-4] 1993 [5] [1] 1980 22(4) pp.8-22 [2] 1929 6 pp.568-588 [3] 1984 No.23 pp.1-100 [4] 1992 45(1) pp.54-62 [5] 1933 8(9) pp.417-430
20 km 8km 0.7 km 125 km 3
25 m 300 700 m
56 44 0-100 m 3 4 100-200 m FeMn 200-300 m 300- m
125 km 3 0.56 0.3 21.1 km 3 211 ton 275 ton
1,700 mm/y 7,050 km 2 1.7 m/y 7.0510 6 m 2 1.210 10 m 3 /y 120 ton/y 90 ton/y 30 120 ton/y 90 ton/y 30 ton/y
90 ton/y 90 ton/y2 45 ton/y 211 ton ----------------- 45 ton/y 4.7 5
1933 69,750 60,200 3-4 m 1.5-21.5 m 5.8 m 341 0.2-13.5 m 1.4 m 1933 8(9) pp.417-430
28 7 5 3 2 1 4 1 2 3 1 29
19941220 25 6
Charge Balance 4 3 [Anion]/meq L -1 2 1 26 5 No.5 26 Cl SO 0 0 1 2 3 4 [Cation]/meq L -1
50 40 ECcalc - EC EC / ms m -1 30 20 10 6 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 ECcalc / ms m -1
TIW-TRE 250 200 TRE / mg L -1 150 100 50 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 TIW / mg L -1
EC-TRE 200 TRE / mg L -1 150 100 mg/l kec ms/m 50 k5.5-7.5 0 0 10 20 30 40 EC / ms m -1
Na + - Cl - 2.0 y = 0.815 x 1.5 R = 0.760 [Cl - ] / meq L -1 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 [Na + ] / meq L -1
K + - Na + 2.0 [Na + ] / meq L -1 1.5 1.0 y = 4.76 0.815 x x R = 0.691 0.760 Na K Cl 1 0.13 0.72 1 0.14 0.64 1991 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 [K + ] / meq L -1
HCO 3 - - Ca 2+ 2.5 2.0 y = 1.074 x R = 0.881 Ca HCO 1 1.15 [Ca 2+ ] / meq L -1 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 [HCO 3 - ] / meq L -1
COD - Fe 250 22 200 [Fe] / g L -1 150 100 2 R = 0.791 ORP,Mn-Fe 50 0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 COD / mg L -1
8-15 m 1-2 0.83 3.7 0.83 3.7 0.83 15 3.7 16 m 0.03-0.04 3-4/100m
40 30 EC / ms m -1 20 8 10 0 0 2 4 6 Σ[Ion] / meq L -1 15 5 10
8 No. 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 26, 29 ClNO3 15 No. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22,23, 24 ClNO3 2 No. 2, 8 Ca-HCO3 ClNO3 4 No. 1, 25, 27, 28
4 15 2 4 8
15 2 4 8 1
4 Cl Ca-HCO 3 HCO 3 Ca Ca-Cl Na-Cl Na Na-HCO 3
[Ca 2+ ] [Mg 2+ ] [Na + ] [K + ] [HCO 3- ] [SO 2-4 ] [Cl - ] a 1 a 2 a 3 a 4 a 5 a 6 a 7 a 1 ---- b 1 a 2 ---- b 2 a 3 ---- b 3 a 4 b 1 b 2 b 3 b 4 b 5 b 6 b 7 A,B ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- b 4 a 1 a 2 a 3 a 4 a 5 a 6 a 7 a 5 ---- b 5 a 6 ---- b 6 a 7 ---- b 7
77 a 1 /a 1 a 1 /a 2 a 1 /a 3 a 1 /a 4 a 1 /a 5 a 1 /a 6 a 1 /a 7 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- b 1 /b 1 b 1 /b 2 b 1 /b 3 b 1 /b 4 b 1 /b 5 b 1 /b 6 b 1 /b 7 a 2 /a 1 a 2 /a 2 a 2 /a 3 a 2 /a 4 a 2 /a 5 a 2 /a 6 a 2 /a 7 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- b 2 /b 1 b 2 /b 2 b 2 /b 3 b 2 /b 4 b 2 /b 5 b 2 /b 6 b 2 /b 7 a 3 /a 1 a 3 /a 2 a 3 /a 3 a 3 /a 4 a 3 /a 5 a 3 /a 6 a 3 /a 7 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- b 3 /b 1 b 3 /b 2 b 3 /b 3 b 3 /b 4 b 3 /b 5 b 3 /b 6 b 3 /b 7 a 4 /a 1 a 4 /a 2 a 4 /a 3 a 4 /a 4 a 4 /a 5 a 4 /a 6 a 4 /a 7 A,B ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- b 4 /b 1 b 4 /b 2 b 4 /b 3 b 4 /b 4 b 4 /b 5 b 4 /b 6 b 4 /b 7 a 5 /a 1 a 5 /a 2 a 5 /a 3 a 5 /a 4 a 5 /a 5 a 5 /a 6 a 5 /a 7 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- b 5 /b 1 b 5 /b 2 b 5 /b 3 b 5 /b 4 b 5 /b 5 b 5 /b 6 b 5 /b 7 a 6 /a 1 a 6 /a 2 a 6 /a 3 a 6 /a 4 a 6 /a 5 a 6 /a 6 a 6 /a 7 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- b 6 /b 1 b 6 /b 2 b 6 /b 3 b 6 /b 4 b 6 /b 5 b 6 /b 6 b 6 /b 7 a 7 /a 1 a 7 /a 2 a 7 /a 3 a 7 /a 4 a 7 /a 5 a 7 /a 6 a 7 /a 7 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- b 7 /b 1 b 7 /b 2 b 7 /b 3 b 7 /b 4 b 7 /b 5 b 7 /b 6 b 7 /b 7 1/1.31.3 49
7 [Ca 2+ ] [Mg 2+ ] [Na + ] [K + ] [HCO 3- ] [SO 2-4 ] [Cl - ] a 1 a 2 a 3 a 4 a 5 a 6 a 7 A,B cos cos a i b i cos A,B -------------------------- a i a i b i b i a 1 b 1 a 2 b 2 a 3 b 3 a 4 b 4 a 5 b 5 a 6 b 6 a 7 b 7 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- a 12 a 22 a 32 a 42 a 52 a 62 a 72 a 12 a 22 a 32 a 42 a 52 a 62 a 72
15 2 4 8
19,18,17, 16,8,6 20 7 21
Cl - NO 3- Ca-HCO 3 Na, K, Cl CO 2 CO 2 Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 Ca Fe