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12 Effect of occlusion and perception of shadow in depth perception caused by moving shadow. 1010361 2001 2 5

(Occlusion), i

Abstract Effect of occlusion and perception of shadow in depth perception caused by moving shadow. Tomonori Aga When shadow of an stimulation object moved, and an object and a shadow overlap, it's reported what a depth effect results. This time for an effect that sahdow gives for depth perception, investigated by achange of how tooverlap and how to be visible. I prepared the shadow with the white circle to have fixed a position. It moved shadow then and made how shadow overlaps change. They showd the picture for a subject and made you present the float quantity that they felt. Again, it experimented similarly an even color that it can't do what I see for shadow.(this time is red color) A useful picture, is visible like a shadow the most every time I am located in advance with this experiment it made you choose it with the several sheets of picture to have changed shade off quantity and used to make the result for an origin. By result of experimenting, if there is an overlap of a shadow, an even red color is a float quantity. However, if there isn't an overlap of a shadow, though a case of a black color is a float quantity, a case of a red color understood not to be a shadow and be recognized with an other object. It shows an overlap of an object and a shadow, and whether it is judged as shadow or not, that these two points contribute for depth perception quantity. So that this result obtains large depth perception quantity, these two points are nessesary. ii

key words shadow, depth perception iii

1 1 1.1... 1 1.1.1... 1 1.1.2... 2 1.1.3... 2 1.1.4... 3 1.2... 3 1.2.1... 4 1.2.2... 5 1.2.3... 6 2 7 2.1... 7 2.2... 8 3 10 3.1... 10 3.2... 12 4 14 4.1... 14 4.2... 17 4.2.1 T.A... 18 4.2.2 Y.F... 19 4.2.3 Y.H... 20 iv

4.2.4 H.U... 21 4.2.5 T.N... 22 4.2.6... 23 5 24 5.1... 24 5.2... 24 5.2.1 T.A... 25 5.2.2 Y.F... 26 5.2.3 Y.H... 27 5.2.4 H.U... 28 5.2.5 T.N... 29 5.2.6... 30 6 32 6.1... 32 6.2... 33 6.2.1... 33 6.2.2... 34 6.2.3... 34 6.2.4... 35 6.2.5... 35 6.2.6... 36 6.2.7... 36 7 37 38 v

39 A 40 vi

1.1 (,1999,[1] )... 2 1.2 (,1999,[1] )... 3 1.3... 4 1.4 (,2000,[3] )... 5 1.5... 6 2.1... 7 2.2... 8 2.3... 9 3.1... 11 3.2... 13 4.1... 14 4.2... 16 4.3 T.A... 18 4.4 Y.F... 19 4.5 Y.H... 20 4.6 H.U... 21 4.7 T.N... 22 4.8... 23 5.1 T.A... 25 5.2 Y.F... 26 5.3 Y.H... 27 vii

5.4 H.U... 28 5.5 T.N... 29 5.6... 30 5.7... 31 6.1... 32 A.1... 40 A.2... 41 viii

2.1... 9 3.1... 12 3.2... 13 4.1... 15 4.2... 15 ix

1 1.1 3 ( ) [1] 1.1.1 1.1 O O R O L A a R a L B C 1.1 B O d BL d BR (,1999,[1] ) 1

1.1 1.1 (,1999,[1] ) 1.1.2 3 3 Helmholtz Rogers [5] 1.1.3 1.2 2

1.2 1.2 (a), (b) (,1999,[1] ) 1.1.4 (CG) [4] 1.2 CG CG 3

1.2 1.2.1 [1] (pp.257 L2) 1.3 1.3 ( ) 4

1.2 1.2.2 [4] ( 1.4) 1.4 (,2000,[3] ) ( ) ( ) 1 5

1.2 1.2.3 1.5 1.5 ( ) 1 ( ) 2 2 1 6

2 2.1 1.1m 24bitcolor 2.1 Diamondtron RD17GX Adobe Photoshop5.5 for Windows Internet Explorer5.5 Quick Time4.1.2 7

2.2 2.2 300*300pixel x=0.285, y=0.312 x=0.432, y=0.458(r:g:b=183:145:47&212:225:2236) 2 6*6pixel 6.48 (400*400pixel) 30pixel ( x=0.291, y=0.310; RGB=255:255:255) 1.30 11 x=0.315, y=0.347(rgb=54:54:54) 2.2 1 30pixel 1pixel 8

2.2 1pixel x y (x,y)=(0,0) (100,95) (105,100) (5,10) ( 2.1 2.3) 11 2.3 2.1 1 (105,100) 7 (135,160) 2 (110,110) 8 (140,170) 3 (115,120) 9 (145,180) 4 (120,130) 10 (150,190) 5 (125,140) 11 (155,200) 6 (130,150) 9

3 3.1 ( 1.3) 2.1 11 Photoshop ( ) 0 1.5pixel 5 5 5 1 10

3.1 3.1 2.1 11 11

3.2 3.2 3.1 ( 2.1) 2 3 3.1 M.H K.S T.A Y.F Y.H Average 1 2 1 1 2 3 1.7 2 3 2 4 3 2 2.7 3 2 4 4 5 2 3.3 4 6 4 5 5 3 4.7 5 7 5 5 6 3 5.3 6 8 5 7 6 2 6.0 7 9 6 8 7 4 7.0 8 10 8 9 7 5 8.0 9 10 9 9 7 7 8.3 10 10 11 10 9 7 9.7 11 11 11 10 9 8 10.0 3.1 3.2 3.2 Photoshop 3.2 0.1 3.2 12

3.2 4 5 8 9 10 11 3.2 3.2 1 1.0 7 9 2 2.5 8 10.5 3 3.5 9 11.0 4 5.5 10 13.0 5 6.0 11 13.5 6 7.5 13

4 4.1 2.1 4.1 4.1 2.1 0 5 5 1.5sec 0.7sec 0.2sec 4.1 14

4.1 4.1 1 0-1- 7 0-1-...-7-2 0-1-2-8 0-1-...-8-3 0-1-2-3- 9 0-1-...-9-4 0-1-2-3-4-10 0-1-...-10-5 0-1-...-5-11 0-1-...-11-6 0-1-...-6- ( 4.2) ( :x=0.315, y=0.343) 4.2 ( ) ( pixel) 0 59 6 63 1 59 7 63 2 59 8 65 3 59 9 65 4 61 10 67 5 61 11 67 15

4.1 4.2 4.1 16

4.2 4.2 mm 4.1 T.A Y.F H.U 1 1 3 T.N 4 4 Y.H 5 5 T.N Y.H 2 17

4.2 4.2.1 T.A T.A 4.3 10 1 5 4.3 T.A 18

4.2 4.2.2 Y.F Y.F 4.3 10 9 10 9 Y.F T.A 4.4 Y.F 19

4.2 4.2.3 Y.H Y.H 4.5 1 2 Y.H 3 5 3 4 Y.F 9 10 11 4.5 Y.H 20

4.2 4.2.4 H.U H.U 4.6 H.U 4 5 2 1 4.6 H.U 21

4.2 4.2.5 T.N T.N 4.7 10 11 3 4 4.7 T.N 22

4.2 4.2.6 4.8 9 10 T.N 1/3 4.8 23

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5.2 5.2.1 T.A T.A 5.1 4 6mm 6 5.1 T.A 25

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5.2 5.2.4 H.U H.U 5.4 5mm 1mm 5.4 H.U 28

5.2 5.2.5 T.N T.N 5.5 7 6 2 0 10 5.5 T.N 29

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5.2 5.7 Ave.Black 31

6 6.1 1 2 6.1 1 2 6.1 B R ( 3.2) 1 2 6.1 1 9 32

6.2 1 ( ) 2 CG CG 6.2 6.2.1 1 33

6.2 6.2.2 ( 0.2sec 0.7sec) 2 Y.H 1 ( 4.5) 6 8 0 6.2.3 ( ) ( ) 0.2sec 0.7sec H.U 34

6.2 6.2.4 1 0.2sec 1 6.2.5 ( ) 1 2 35

6.2 6.2.6 Photoshop 6.2.7 (luminance proximity) ( ) [4] ( ) 1 " 36

7 2 37

Y.F, Y.H, T.N, M.H, H.U, 38

[1] : ", vol.28 No.5 (1999) pp.250-260. [2] ",, (2000) CD. [3] ",, (2000) CD. [4] ",, (2000) pp.310-317 [5] B.J.Rogers and M.E.Graham: Motion prallax as an independent cue for depth perception", Perception, 8 (1979) pp.125-134 [6] H.Ujike and S.Saida: Similarity and Interaction of shadow and display cues of depth", Perception, 27 (1998) suppl. 116. [7] H.Ujike: Depth perception with shadow and display cue combinations", Selection and Integration of Visual Infomation (STA and NIBH, Tsukuba, 1998) pp.137-150. [8] http://sx.sakura.ne.jp/ koki/ Photoshop" [9] http://d-power.net/dpi/index.html dpi Web Graphix" 39

A 4.1 A.1 40

A.2 41