1997 99 GDP 10.7 % 1 1 9 2 1,526 97 2 4 3 98 GDP 5.8 % 4 21 21 29
5 8 6 1970 30 Vol. 47, No. 1, January 2001
OEM 7 1980 R&D 8 100 80 50 9 10 flexible specialization 2 industrial divide 11 31
12 IT IT 21 IT IT 1 13 32 Vol. 47, No. 1, January 2001
1983 26 14 88 92 15 3 1988 91 26 16 33
17 1949 89 95 18 97 129 2,000 90 3 11 1 19 1 GNP 1999 6,160 7,700 80 % 1 GRDP 682 857 80 % 89 3 2 89 2 24.3 % 3 68.0 % 98 14.0 % 83.0 % 20 2 1 1 1992 96 5 9.5 % 6.9 % 4.0 % 9.3 % 2 90 2 2 10 1991 95 34 Vol. 47, No. 1, January 2001
1 1992 1994 1996 1,133 1,391 1,392 46,605 46,338 42,626 381,312 476,320 580,133 3,585,666 4,104,174 5,161,365 1,802,395 2,054,577 2,353,103 3,164.75 2,950.52 3,707.88 2,996.41 3,252.37 4,072.81 % 105.6 90.7 77.7 38.67385 44.33892 55.20347 34.09643 44.11864 60.01445 % 113.4 100.5 92.0 2 % 1991 1995 1991 95 5,508 17.0 9,453 24.9 14.5 8,589 26.5 8,134 21.4 1.4 5,054 15.6 5,142 13.5 0.4 4,770 14.7 4,332 11.4 2.4 2,788 8.6 3,650 9.4 7.0 2,051 6.3 2,304 6.1 2.9 1,279 3.9 1,734 4.5 7.9 1,200 3.7 1,600 4.2 7.5 611 1.9 1,597 4.1 27.2 447 1.4 681 1.8 11.1 32,297 100 38,627 100 4.6 1990 3 2000 3 1999 9 28 15 3 2,297 3 8,627 4.6 % 7.8 % 21 95 9.4 % 4.5 % 4.1 % 3 18.0 % 27.2 % 14.5 % 3 1.4 % 2.4 % 35
3 1996 km 2 10 A B A*B 99,313.40 46,433,920 175,542 399,620 605.58 10,469,852 14,350 30,364 0.363 12.461 2.127 749.37 3,878,918 8,048 18,035 0.549 5.981 1.812 885.56 2,490,960 5,953 13,031 0.632 3.657 1.520 955.95 2,404,353 13,649 31,909 1.502 8.295 3.530 501.32 1,302,261 3,178 7,163 0.646 3.551 1.514 539.89 1,297,884 2,353 5,161 0.480 2.376 1.068 A B 3 16 4 1997 1 2 3 4 69 73 75 79 90 92 91 97 90 1,000 145 235 373 574.8 1,290 2,618 100 400 3,351 109,911 304,777 573,000 1,000 3.0 14.2 340 495 551 56 47 44 64 150 1 1 50 46 37 8 141 6 1 7 56 5 5 5 1 1 51 3,579 4,352 2,532 2,013 12,476 1999 72 5 20 70 % 40 % 22 3 A 0.480 B 2.376 6 4 4 1 2 1 3 36 Vol. 47, No. 1, January 2001
4 4 3 23 1997 10 97 0.93 % 98 1.76 % 24 2.7 1.2 98 A 76 97 84 10 % B 25 97 19 32 % 98 97 22.5 % A B 98 1 50.0 % 2 44.3 % 25 5 1997 8 IMF 98 4 20 21 300 5 97 98 97 12 13.2 % 98 4 23.6 % 97 7 5 % 97/8 97/10 97/12 98/2 98/4 1,032 1,045 954 1,023 944 824 858 820 821 711 197 176 126 181 223 19.1 16.8 13.2 17.7 23.6 11 11 8 21 10 1.1 1.1 0.8 2.1 1.1 15 1998 11 8 37
12 8 12 98 1 3 21 26 1973 27 6 83 85 6 1973 11 12 834 1974 3 1978 4 1983 2 1985 5 1992 11 1993 12 1997 1 55 38 Vol. 47, No. 1, January 2001
92 93 834 398 48 % 66 8% 11 1% 359 43 % 1998 12 1 6 63 26 4,103 16 7,199 8 2,868 4 2,215 9 900 2 1980 12 LG 3 90 28 90 13 8 90 1 KAIST KAIST 99 2,500 4,300 1,700 2,600 363 29 90 1990 Spin-off TBI 39
7 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 228 38 63 100 131 115 138 813 81 31 37 33 44 61 78 365 309 69 100 133 175 176 216 1,178 67 8 1998 11 % 1988 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 1 1 2 3 6 3 7 9 20 9 4 65 25 21 35 161 84 70 96 91 187 121 54 951 69 1997 6 4,125 3,112 950 63 1,904 KAIST 468 333 623 487 134 2 30 7 1996 813 365 1,178 90 8 21 1998 11 65 21 951 88 96 20 97 98 40 Vol. 47, No. 1, January 2001
1990 31 4 32 6 1992 96 6 98 41
9 1999 8 20 98.10.28 25 25 7 18 12 12 1 0 7 0 6 11 1 97.11.27 11 11 3 8 6 3 2 1 2 0 1 5 2 KAIST 94.12 116 116 37 79 92 23 1 3 34 0 19 59 1 ETRI 98.12.14 66 60 45 15 40 17 3 10 32 3 5 10 0 98. 7.16 22 11 11 0 9 1 1 1 9 1 0 0 0 98.12.16 4 4 3 1 4 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 0 98.10.27 24 23 6 17 11 12 0 1 5 0 0 17 0 98.12.23 19 13 3 10 4 9 0 1 2 0 0 10 0 98. 9.21 16 16 6 10 1 15 0 0 6 0 1 9 0 98. 2. 1 15 10 2 8 1 9 0 2 0 0 0 8 0 318 289 123 166 180 101 8 19 100 4 32 130 4 2000 3 1999 9 28 79 9 1997 98 9 KAIST 94 33 Electronics Telecommunication Research Institute: ETRI 1 8 98 42 Vol. 47, No. 1, January 2001
1 4 128 48.8 11 4,000 4 TBI 34 1 2 1 2 26 3 43
35 36 3 1 37 1 1 2000 2 189 44 Vol. 47, No. 1, January 2001
38 1 2 1993 98 3 4 4 45
Technology Licensing Organization: TLO 1998 39 40 1 2000 3 23 2 1999 11 2 3 4 2000 5 3 2000 3 1999 9 28 20 6 45 2 1999 8 7 4 1988 6 46 3 1999 2 8 1991 21.7 95 13.0 GNP 1.9 2.6 1996 32 33 9 46 Vol. 47, No. 1, January 2001
1999 10 148 149 10 23 1999 2 1999 1999 11 Piore, J. M. and C. F. Sabel, The Second Industrial Divide, Basic Books,1984 2 1993 12 1998 13 1999 14 1980 3 1 1998 1992 6 1998 5 15 16 [ ] 1997 12 17 2000 3 1999 9 28 18 9 6 19 41 20 1 3 3 21 1996 17 22 1996 23 3 2000 3 1999 9 28 18 20 24 5 2 30 31 25 23 1999 2 26 1999 27 1966 KIST 71 2 28 1990 80 64 36 93 17 83 21 1995 29 1999 11 30 1999 66 67 47
31 60 61 32 60 73 74 33 KAIST 3 TBI Technology Business Incubator TIC Technology Innovation Center 34 45 46 35 198 212 36 224 233 37 2000 186 193 38 49 59 39 1 WTA 1999 11 11 97 40 3 2000 2 11 30 10 2000 2 15 48 Vol. 47, No. 1, January 2001