14 1 5 2

15 2 6 3 6

. i common law ii iii. i 1997 337 ii 49 7 1977 249 iii 3

iv martial rule. 8 14 31 70 iv p.28 p.31 4

a. v vi vii b. viii ix v 1999 vi 1 1961 vii 17 1957 viii 1983 ix 1998 5

x 3 2 76 GHQ emergency power 41 54 2 x 67 1 1950 6

10 3 71 74 105 106 76 78 81 xi. xi 1992 613 7

11 8

9

56 5 10

41 73 9 13 18 11 12 13 18 18 24 18 12 13 26 27 12 26 13 27 11

1 103 103 103 12

103 1957 1964 13

8 86 14

51 10 701 24 701 24 81 41 5 51 6 701 24 51 6 72

1968 1949.5 48 1954.3 1954.10 NATO 1956.3 1960.4 1962.10 1965.8 1968.6 17 1972.1 1972.7 32 2 73 10 1975.5 1949 81 91 xii 37 xii 91 1968 17

1954 3 4 18 73 1 xiii 1954 10 NATO 1956 3 7 12a 87a 1960 1968 6 17 20 4 1965 xiv xiii 1968 12a 73 1 xiv Schubladengesets 18

Verteudugungsfall 115a 1 2 3 3 2 xv 2 4 115b 115c 1 115d 115g 12 1 4 12a 3 6 4 xv 3 2 32 3 1 16 53a 115e 1 19

115c 2 1 115c 2 2 115l 2 Spannungsfall 3 2 80 1 12a 5 12a 6 87 a 3 80a 1 xvi 3 2 xvi 20

Bündnisklausel NATO 80a 3 NATO xvii 87 3 12a 5 6 Verfassungsnotstand 87a 4 91 91 1 2 Katastrophenfall 35 2 35 3 xvii 21

35 3 17 1968 xviii xix xx xviii 1997 p.336 xix B. B. 2001 p.382 17 701 1979 xx 1 2 22

87a 1 90 1994 NATO 115 b 115c 1 115d 115f 3 115a 1 2 4 (12a 3 12a 4 115c 2 1 4 115c 2 2 80a 1 3 2 23

80a 1 3 2 80a 3 87a 4 91 ( 35 2 3 ) 24

18 1958 1830 FLN 1954 1958 16 1962 16 25

16 16 1961 18 16 16 xxi 16 xxi 16 26

16 106 1849 36 1955 12 16 1958 36 1958 1849 1955 12 12 27

martial rule martial rule Common Law martial rule theory of necessity Act of Indemnity 28

1939 1940 1920 1964 1940 Defense Regulations 1964 1946 Defense of Realm Acts Order in Council 1920 Emergency Powers Acts Defense 1939 1 1 1940 29

1939 1940 1939 1 1946 1939 1940 1914 1940 1939 2000 10,000 1940 1946 1964 Emergency Power Acts 1920 xxii 5 xxii 1921 1926 1972 1972 30

7 1 7 Emergency Powers Acts of 1964 1920 1 1920 1946 1940 2 1964 1 2 Terrorism Act of 2000 1974 1976 IRA 2 5 2000 1978 31

martial rule 2003 9.11 22 The Department of Homeland Security 1 8 11 16 2 2 1 xxiii martial rule 2 1 1 2 3 2 2 1 xxiii Writ of Habeas Corpus 1 9 2 2 3 32

xxiv 1973 11 Joint Resolution concerning the war powers of Congress and the President xxv 2 a 1 8 18 2 b xxiv 1971 6 xxv joint resolution 33

2 c 3 48 4 a 6 1 4 c commit 4 b 60 5 b 5 c 8 a 5 c 34

1976 xxvi 1933 4 470 1976 9 14 2 101 201 a xxvii 202 a 6 xxvi 1973 1 1950 12 16 xxvii 1 7 35

202 b 90 202 c 301 401 a b 6 90 90 401 c 2001 9 11 FBI CIA 2002 6 11 2003 1 15 17 The Department of Homeland Security 1947 Federal Emergency Management Agency FEMA 22 FBI CIA 36

12148 1988 Major Disaster Emergency Major Disaster Emergency Natural Catastrophe Catastrophe Major Disaster Emergency Declaration Declaration 37

FEMA 27 emergency work 38

2002 1999 69 12 1997 1998

1995 9.11 2001 2002 1972.5.30 24 76 1972.9.5 18 1975.8.4 1979.11.4 1981.1 1980.2.27 1983.4.18 7 120 1983.10.23 299 1984.9.20 23 1986.5.14 1986.9.5 20 1986.11.15 1987.3 1988.12.21 270 1992.3.17 29 1993.2.26 N.Y. 6 1000 1994.2.25 52 200 1994.7.18 96 1994.12.11 1 1995.3.2 12 1995.4.19 168 1995.7.25 7 80 1995.11.13 7 1995.11.19 17 1996.6.15 IRA 200 1996.6.25 19 1996.7.27 2 112 1996.12.17 1997.4.22 1997.7.30 15 170 1997.11.17 62 1998.7.21 4 1998.8.7 224 1999.8.23 13 10 2000.10.12 17 2001.7.24 12 2001.9.11 N.Y. 5000 2002.10.14 187 2001.10.21 41

1969 12 1969 1971 1970 1973 1989 1977 1973 1983 1987 1992 ( 1985 1992 1998 1988 2001 2002 International Criminal Court ICC 1998 7 42

2002 7 1 60 76 9.11 xxviii 2001 9 11 5000 xxviii 43

42 51 51 xxix 10 7 4 xxix 1983 1986 1998 51 44

1368 7 1373 678 2001.9.11 2001.9.19 2001.9.21 5 18 2001.10.5 2001.10.6 C130 2001.10.7 2001.10.29 2001.11.9 2001.11.16 2001.11.20 45

2001.11.25 2002.5.17 2002.11.19 2002.12.4 A B C A C B etc. C B 6 xxx 12 1 30 17 46

20 20 82 1999 47

0 12 24 200

0 12 24 200 86 2 3 33 55 4 1 1

76 20 ( 78 ) 81 81 2 82 84 2 1 48

20 20 49

6 5 6 30 6 30 6 3 5 6 20 30 20 12 9 1 9/2 9 14 9/3 2 ( ) xxxi 9/4 xxxii 9 14 9/5 9/3 9/20 11/15 9/2 xxxi 8 xxxii 15 36 19 22 14 2 76 1 22 50

11 15 9 14 xxxiii 1995 1 17 6,400 43,000 100,000 etc xxxiii 1981 1943 51

52 2001 6 4 b.