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7 () ( 11 ) [ 53 ] 1.0 (a) 32 (b) () 32 31122 [14] ( ) [ 53 ] 3 3 12 () [ 53 ] 3.0 (a) 3.0<1> (21 ) (90kg 46.1(b ) 90kg) 512 18 4-1 -1

(26 ) (90kg 49.1(b ) 90kg) (28 ) (29 ) ( ) (31 ) (32 ) (33 ) (35 ) (39 ) (40 ) 402 4-1 -2

( ) ( (14 516 ) 20 ) ( ) ( 23 ) (b) 3.0 (a)(2) 3.0<2> 6 16 (c) 6 4-1 -3

() ( 20 21 ) [ 53 ] 4.0 (a) ( 4.0<1>) 4.0<1> (b) (1) () (2) () (3) Fm=30D+20 Ff=11L Fa= L Fm(cm) Ff(cm) Fa(cm) L(m) D(m) (4) 10 4-2 -1

(c) ( ) ( )(7.5kg ) 24 ( ) 12 7030 W 150 10 LB W ()(kgf) L (m) B (m) ( ) 15.5 (b) () () 150 75 ( 12 50 ) [ 53 ][ ] 5.1 (a) (1)(3) (1) 4-2 -2

( ) ( 0.2MPa( kgf/cm 2 ) ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (2) (3) ( )( )()() 1 (20 ) ( ) (5.1<1>) (5.1<2>() ) (5.1<2>() ) () () () 4-2 -3

F.P. (A) (B) (A) (B) 5.1<1> F.P. () () (A) () (B) () () (A) (B) h h 5.1<2> ( ) () (5.1<3>() ) A S/10 B S/40 A: (m 2 ) B: (m 2 ) S: () 5.1<3>()(m 2 ) 1 3 4-2 -4

() () 5.1<3> () 5.2 (a) ((5.2 (a))) () (1) 0.45m 2 1/2 ( ) B0.25L 0.07 ( ) 0.2MPa( kgf/cm 2 ) ( ) () 12 () [ 53 ] 8.0 (a) () 4-2 -5

() 100 15 [ 53 ] () 10 () 11 () 0.05 0.13 () [ 53 ][] 11.1 (a) 0.13L0.02L+ () 12 () 13 ( 49 36 ) 10 13 10 11 10 11 11 12 13 [ 53 ] 13.0 (a) 5.0(a)(b) 5.0(b)(2) () 5.0 (a) (1) JIS G 3101 SS400 (2) 14 16 19 4-2 -6

1031 16 2-2 [] (3) FRP FRP[3] (FRP ) (4) [4] () (5) (1) (4) (b) (1) (2) ( ) ( V L 3. 6 V:( )) () 12 () 12 CS ( ) ( V L 36. V:( )) [5] 4-2 -7

[5-2] (3) FRP ( ) 15 ()() () () () ( ()0.6L ) 500 250 500 (V L 9 )(1.25)-() (V L 9)()- () () 1) 1 2tb B ts D 2td Bd 75 a W L D 2td Bd ts D 10 3 ts D tb B a: 1.25 1.00 V: () W: () td: (mm) ts: (mm) tb: (mm) Bd: () FRP 98N/mm 2 (10kgf/mm 2 ) 75aWL (98/ (10/ )) 2) [3]FRP 3 12 4-2 -8

4-2 -9

V L 3. 6

() 18 () [53][] 18.0 (a) (1) ( ) ( ) (2) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (3) 6 4-3 -1

() 19 ( 39 ) ( 31 ) 31 [ 53 ][] 19.0 (a) 21.121.2(a) 21 ( ) 25 31 21.1 (a) (b) 21.2 (a) (1) (2) (26204 ) 16 (b) 22.0(a) 22 22.0 (a) (1) JIS G 3201 (2) JIS G 4051 (3) JIS G 4105 (4) JIS G 4103 (5) JIS G 4303 (6) JIS H 3250 (7) (1)(6) 4-3 -2

(c) 23.0(a) 23.1(a) 23.2(a)(c) 23.3(a) 23.4 23 23.0 (a) 23.1 23.1 (a) (1) ( ) ( ) 100%( ) ( ) (2) (3) (4) ( ) ( ) (5) 16 4-3 -3

23.2 (a) (1) V L 36. (2) 4.5 (PS) (3) 4.5(PS) (4) 4.5(PS) (5) () (c) ISO ISO 11547:1994 Small craft Start-in-gear protection 23.3 (a) ( 90) 23.4 (a) () 23.1(a)(5) (b) (1) () (2) () (3) 50 (4) (5) 4-3 -4

(d) 24.2 24.424.6 24 2 16 24.2 (a) (1)(m 3 0.34m 2 )(2) 24 (1) ( ) ( 25 ) ( ) ( ) ( )()( % ) (2) ( ) ( )() ( ) ( ) ( ) ()() () V=0.5 A=80V () V=0.52.0 A=80V/ +80/ () V=2.0 A=10V+60 A()() (cm 2 ) V(m 3 ) 1) ()/( )<0.2 0.2 4-3 -5

2) (b) ISO ISO 11105:1997 Small craft - Ventilation of petrol engine and/or petrol tank compartments 24.4 (a) 100 (b) 24.6 (a) %m 3 0.34m 2 (b) (1) JIS F 8004 JIS C 0903ISO 8846:1990 Small craft - Electrical devices - Protection against ignition of surrounding flammable gases (2) (1) (3) ( ) (c) 12 4-3 -6

(1) ()() (2) (3) (4) 20 (5) (d) (i) ISO(ii) ISO ( ) ISO 11105:1997 Small craft - Ventilation of petrol engine and/or petrol tank compartments ( ) ISO 9097:1991 Small craft; electric fans (e) 25.0 25 ( () ) 13 16 25.0 (a)(1) 25.0<1> 25.0<2> 25.0<1> E1 E3 S1 S2 S3 S1 S2 E1 E3 S1 S2 S3 E2 E3 E2 S1 S2 S3 E1 E3 S1 S2 S3 4-3 -7

25.0<2> E1 ( ) ( ) E2 [8]( ) E3 10 7 () S1 S2 S3 10 7 () 4-3 -8

() 2 sn Cs 1.810 6 90 V s : (mm) dn 610 n : (RPM) 4 6 d : (mm) (1) Ds 365 C 3 T St R Ds : (mm) R : (RPM) T : (kw) St : (St ) 25.0<3> C : 25.0<4> () (2) d 0.75 Ds Nd 3 1 d : (mm) N : d : (mm) 1 Ds : (1) (mm) 4-3 -9

440N/mm 2 k 1 k 1 440 / S S : (N/mm 2 ) S 830 S 830 25.0<3> St ( ) ( ) 90 90 90 ( ) 90 110 110 90 140 260 90 140 260 () 80 90 90 () 180 250 290 90 100 100 70 80 8 140 140 140 : 440N/mm 2 St 440 2 / 3S 440 ( S: 440 (N/mm 2 )) St 25.0<4> 1.04 1.08 1.00 1.04 (f) 26.126.2 26 16 4-3 -10

26.1 (a) (1) (2) (1) 26.2 (a) ISOflame arrester ISO 13592:1998 Small craft - Backfire flame control for petrol engines ISO ISO 13592 ISO 15584:2001 Small craft - Inboard petrol engines - Engine- mounted fuel and electrical components (b) (g) 28.2 28 28.2 (a) 24 (b) (1) (2) 150 (3) ISO ISO 8846:1990 Small craft - Electrical devices - Protection against ignition of surrounding flammable gases 16 4-3 -11

(h) 30.0 30 () 1.2 30.0 (a) 16 (i) 31.0 31 31.0 (a) (b) (j) 31-2.0 31 ()( ) 31-2.0 (a) (b) (k) 32.132.2 32 32.1 (a) (1) () (2) (3) (4) (b) 32.1<1> 4-3 -12

32.1<1> 32.2 (a) 32.2<1> 32.2<1> (l) 33 (1) (2) 12( ) (3) (2)1 (4) (2) 4-3 -13

(m) 34.0(a) 34 34.0 (a) (1) 2-1-4(2)( ) 2-3 (2) ISO ( ) ISO 10088:2001 Small craft - Permanently installed fuel systems and fixed fuel tanks ( ) ISO 21487:2006 Small craft -- Permanently installed petrol and diesel fuel tanks 16 (n) 34-2.0 34 34-2.0 (a) (o) 35.1(a)35.335.4 35 35.1 (a) (1) [9] (35.1 )[9-1] (35.1 ) 35.1<1>ISO ( ) ISO 10088:2001 Small craft - Permanently installed fuel systems and fixed fuel tanks ( ) ISO 21487:2006 Small craft - Permanently installed petrol and diesel fuel tanks 16 4-3 -14

35.1<1> (25 ) ISO ISO 13591:1997 Small craft - Portable fuel systems for outboard motors 35.1<1> (mm) (JIS G 3101,3106 ) 2.0 *1 (JIS H 4000) 2.5 (JIS H 3216) 1.5 () 1.2 () 1.5 FRP - *2 - *3 *1. 60 *2. FRP 2500g/m 2 ( ) *3. 19 4-3 -15

40mm 125mm () () 35.1<1> 35.1<1> 10( 2 30 )2.5 30 10 (2) ( ) [9] ISO [9]3. ISO 13591:1997 Small craft - Portable fuel systems for outboard motors ( ) () () ( 4-3 -16

) () () () (3) ( ) [9-1] ( ) () () () 25G [9-1] 1/2 35.3 (a) (1) (2) (3) (4) ( ) JIS K 6343 35.3<1> 26mm 4-3 -17

125mm 40mm () () 35.3<1> () 13mm () 15 1.25 ()13mm 3013mm26mm 60 1.25 ( ) ISO 7840:2004 Small craft - Fire-resistant fuel hoses ISO 8469:2006 Small craft - Non-fire-resistant fuel hoses 24100g/m 2 (A1 B1( 35.3<1>) ) 35.3<1> A1 A1A2 A1B1 A1A2B1 B2 A1A2 A1A2B1 B2 A B 1 24 100g/m 2 2 24 300g/m 2 4-3 -18

(b) (1) ( ) ( ) ( ) (2) 35.3<2> 35.3<2> 1.05D 1.15D 1.2D D 1.6D 4D (c) ISO ( ) ISO 15584:2001 Small craft - Inboard petrol engines - Engine- mounted fuel and electrical components ( ) ISO 16147:2002 Small craft - Inboard diesel engines - Engine- mounted fuel and electrical components (d) (35.3<3>) 4-3 -19

( 35.3<3> (e) ( 35.3<4>) () 35.3<4> (f) ISO ISO 10088:2001 Small craft - Permanently installed fuel systems and fixed fuel tanks 35.4 (a) 14mm (b) ISOvent lines ISO 10088:2001 Small craft - Permanently installed fuel systems and fixed fuel tanks 4-3 -20

(p) 36.1 36 36.1 (a) ISO ISO 10088:2001 Small craft - Permanently installed fuel systems and fixed fuel tanks (b) 43 43 (q) 37.137.2 37 60 37.1 (a) 35.1<1>*3. (b) (c) ISO sounding pipe ISO 10088:2001 Small craft - Permanently installed fuel systems and fixed fuel tanks 37.2 (a) 16 16 19 4-3 -21

(r) 37-2.0 37 37-2.0 (a) (1) ( 500mm ) ( ) ( ) 16 37-2.0<1> 37-2.0<2> (2) ( ) ( ) 100mm ( ) 100mm( ) ( ) 4-3 -22

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) () () () () 37-2.0<3> (s) 38.1 38 38.1 (a) (1) (2) (3) (b) ISO 16 4-3 -23

( ) ISO 9093-1:1994 Small craft - Seacocks and through-hull fittings - Part 1: Metallic 1 ( ) ISO 9093-2:2002 Small craft - Seacocks and through-hull fittings - Part 2: Non-metallic 2 (c) (1) (2) 500mm (t) 40.0 40 16 40.0 (a) 4-3 -24

() 20 1 [ 53 ] 20.1 (a) ( ) 100 120 L 10 / L ()10 L =10 20.2 (a) () 21 42 [ 53 ] 21.0 (a) 42.1 42 42.1 (a) (1) (2) (b) (1) (2) (c) ISO ISO 15083:2003 Small craft - Bilge-pumping systems 16 4-4 -1

( ) 22 ( ) 23 [ 53 6 2 ] 23.0 (a) () 24 43 44 45 43 44 45 [ 53 ][ 55 ] 24.0 (a) 44.0 44 12 12 16 44.0 (a) 44.0<1> (mm) L(m) ( ) (m) 4.5 10 6.0 11 9.0 13 11 12.0 10 16 11 13 15.0 10 12 18 13 15 18.0 12 14 20 14 17 21.0 14 16 22 15 18 24.0 16 18 24 17 20 27.0 18 20 26 18 21 30.0 20 22 30 21 25 35.0 22 24 34 24 28 40.0 4-5 -1

(b) 45.0(a) 45 45.0 (a) [10] ( ) 12 12CQR 45.0<1> (kg) (mm) L(m) CQR 2.5 3.5 6.0 30 3.0 4.0 8.0 10 30 3.5 5.5 11.5 11 40 5.5 8.5 17.0 13 11 40 10 8.0 11.5 22.0 16 11 13 40 10 12 10.0 14.5 27.0 18 13 15 50 12 14 12.5 17.5 32.0 20 14 17 12 50 14 16 15.5 21.5 38.0 22 15 18 13 50 16 18 18.5 25.0 44.0 24 17 20 14 60 18 20 21.5 29.0 51.0 26 18 21 16 70 20 22 25.0 34.5 60.0 30 21 25 17 80 22 24 32.0 41.5 70.0 34 24 28 19 90 (c) 45 4-5 -2

() 25 ( 40 36 ) 42 20 [ 53 ][ 62 ][ 10 ] []2 [ 21 12 69 ] 25.0 (a) 46.1(a) 46 ( ) 90 ( ) ( ( 26 204 )) 40 20 46.1 (a) JIS Z 8721() 7.5RP 2.5GY / 7.5RP 10.0RP /12 10.0RP 10.0R /12 /14 18 16 4-6 -1

10.0R 5.0YR /12 /14 5.0YR 10.0YR /12 10.0YR 2.5GY /10 JIS Z 8721 5.0R 5.0Y / 5R 5/12 13 4.5/13 15 7.5R 5.5/12 13 /13 14 4.5/14 15 10R /12 13 5.5/13 14 /14 15 2.5YR 6.5/11 12 6/12 14 5.5/13 14 5YR /12 6.5/14 7.5YR /13 14 10YR 7.5/14 15 2.5Y 8.5/11 /12 14 5Y 8.5/11 12 (b) 53.1 53 7.5 () 24 53.1 (a) 75% JIS Z 87217.5RP 2.5GY/ 7.5RP10.0RP /12 10.0RP10.0R /12/14 10.0R5.0YR /12/14 5.0YR10.0YR /12 10.0YR2.5GY /10 11 16 4-6 -2

() 26 () [ 53 ][ 62 ][ 10 ]1 [ 21 12 69 ] 18 26.1 (a) 26.2 (a) 18 () 26 [ 62 ] 26-2.0 (a) (1) ( ) cm150cm 2 (1/2) ( ) cm50cm 2 (1/2) ( ) cm50cm 2 4-6 -3

R 1/2R 5cm 50c 5cm 150c 26-2.0<1> (2) cm50cm 2 m 1m 26-2.0<2> (3) 5cm 50c cm 5cm (4) 26-2.0<3> ( ) 100cm 2 ( ) ( ) 100cm 2 26-2.0<4> 4-6 -4

() 26 [][ 21 12 2 ] 26-3.0 (a) 63.0 63 63.0 (a) 18 11 16 18 () 27 ( 63 ) 60 [ 53 ] 27.0 (a) 59.0 59 59.0 (a) [7] 15.6(a) (b) 60.2 60 60.2 (a) 15 16 16 4-6 -5

29 () [ 53 ][ 11 ] 30 [ 53 ] 4-7 -1

31 65 71 72 71 70 29 [ 53 ] [ 14 6 4 ]

( ) ( )

() 31 72 [][ 14 ] 31-2.0 (a) 72-2.0(a) 72 72-2.0 (a) 16 4-7 2-1

() 32 ( ) ( ) 0.70 0.45 ( ) 0.70 0.45 ( ) 0.45 [ 53 ] 32.4 (a) ( )0.45 0.3 () 33 [ 53 ] 33.2 (a) (b) 15cm (c) (d) 4-8 -1

34 [ 53 ] () 35 () 36 [ 53 ] 36.0 (a) (b) (a) (c) () 37 ( ) [ 53 ] 37.2 (a) (1) 38.0(a)(1) 38.0(a)(2) (2) 10 () 38 38.0 (a) 4-8 -2

(1) 50 (2) 50 (3) (1) 45cm (4) (38.0<1>) 38.0<1> 4-8 -3

() 39 20 20 12 20 12 ( )( ) 200 12 20 12 ( 48 ) ( ) 15 4-9 -1

12 200 () 20 12 NC () 20 20 () () 150 150 4-9 -2

12 () ( ) ( ) [ 52 ][ 53 ][ 55 ] [ 58 ][ 59 ][ 61 62 10 ] 40 [ 10 ][ 14 ] 39.0 (a) 5 (b) [ ] (c) (d) (b) () 40 () [ 10 ][ 14 ] 40.0 (a) [ ] () 41 4-9 -3

() 42 84 84 [ 14 ] 42.0 (a) 84-3.0 1 84-3.0(b) (1) 14 6 30 (2) 16 18 84 () 84-3.0 (a) 9320 9500MHz (b) 360 240 2.5m 2 2.5m 2 10 22 10 1 360 240 0.3m 2 (1) (2) (3) m (1) 6 11 3 18 19 4-9 -4

(2) 14 6 30 ( ) ( ) 1 2 1 6 7 (3) (c) (b) 84-5.0(a) 84 A4 A3 HF HF () 84-5.0 (a) [13] 16 4-9 -5

10 12 () 43 10 [ 53 ] 43.0 (a) 85.0(a) 85 85.0 (a) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (b) 85 (1) 12 (2) (c) 86.0 86 250 [ 19 ] 86.0 (a) ISO 11 9 9 16 4-10 -1

( ) ISO 10133:2000 Small craft - Electrical systems - Extra-low-voltage d.c. installations ( ) 50V ( ) ISO 13297:2000 Small craft - Electrical systems - Alternating current installations ( ) 250V (d) 88.1 88.2 88.388.4 88 88.1 (a) 88.1 171 (1) ( ) 88.1<1> () 88.1<1> ( ) ( 45 ) A E B F H 16 45 55 55 60 70 70 65 75 75 80 95 95 100 120 120 45 55-60 70-65 75-80 95-100 120 - ( ) JIS C 4004 4-10 -2

( ) 120% ( ) =()/((kwkva)+1000)m (2) 88.1<2> 88.1<2> ( ) ( 45 ) A E B F H 55 70 75 95 120 60 - - - - 45 (b) ISO ( ) ISO 8849:2003 Small craft - Electrically operated direct-current bilge pumps ( ) ISO 9097:1991 Small craft; electric fans 88.2 (a) (b) ISO ( ) ISO 9097:1991 Small craft; electric fans ( ) ISO 13297:2000 Small craft - Electrical systems - Alternating current installations 88.3 (a) ISO 4-10 -3

( ) ISO 8849:2003 Small craft - Electrically operated direct-current bilge pumps ( ) ISO 9097:1991 Small craft; electric fans ( ) ISO 10133:2000 Small craft - Electrical systems - Extra-low-voltage d.c. installations ( ) ISO 13297:2000 Small craft - Electrical systems - Alternating current installations 88.4 (a) 24 (b) ISO ( ) ISO 8846:1990 Small craft - Electrical devices - Protection against ignition of surrounding flammable gases ( ) ISO 8849:2003 Small craft - Electrically operated direct-current bilge pumps ( ) ISO 9097:1991 Small craft; electric fans ( ) ISO 10133:2000 Small craft - Electrical systems - Extra-low-voltage d.c. installations ( ) ISO 13297:2000 Small craft - Electrical systems - Alternating current installations ( ) ( ) ( ) ISO ( ) ISO (e) 89.0 16 4-10 -4

89 89.0 (a) (1) =()/((kwkva)+1000)m (2) 0.1M (3) M (f) 90.1 90 90.1 (a) (1) ( ) 24.2(a)24.6(c) ( ) ( ) ((12V m 3 70Ah 10m 3 120Ah)) ( ) (2) (1 ) (b) ISO ISO 10133:2000 Small craft - Electrical systems - Extra-low-voltage d.c. installations 16 4-10 -5

(g) 92.192.2 92 92.1 (a) 92.2 (a) (b) ISO ( ) ISO 10133:2000 Small craft - Electrical systems - Extra-low-voltage d.c. installations ( ) ISO 13297:2000 Small craft - Electrical systems - Alternating current installations (h) 92.3 92 92.3 (a) 92.3<1> 92.3<1> 16 6 16 (b) ISO ISO 13297:2000 Small craft - Electrical systems - Alternating current installations (i) 93.0 93 35 93.0 (a) 16 4-10 -6

(j) 94.0 94 94.0 (a) JIS C 3410 JIS C 3401 (CVV) (b) JIS C 3312 (VCT) (c) 35 JIS C 3406 (AV) (d) ISO ( ) ISO 10133:2000 Small craft - Electrical systems - Extra-low-voltage d.c. installations ( ) ISO 13297:2000 Small craft - Electrical systems - Alternating current installations (k) 94-2.0 94 [ 19 ] 94-2.0 (a) ISO ISO 13297:2000 Small craft - Electrical systems - Alternating current installations (l) 95.0 95 95.0 (a) ISO 16 16 16 4-10 -7

( ) ISO 10133:2000 Small craft - Electrical systems - Extra-low-voltage d.c. installations ( ) ISO 13297:2000 Small craft - Electrical systems - Alternating current installations (m) 96.0 96 96.0 (a) 35 JIS D 5403() () ( ) 100 (b) ISO ( ) ISO 10133:2000 Small craft - Electrical systems - Extra-low-voltage d.c. installations ( ) ISO 13297:2000 Small craft - Electrical systems - Alternating current installations (n) 97.0 97 100 97.0 (a) (o) 98.2 98 98.2 (a) 16 16 16 4-10 -8

(p) 99.0 99 99.0 (a) 16 4-10 -9

11 () 43 [ 55 ][ 62 ] 4-11 -1

12 () 44 [ 53 ] 44.0 (a) 44.0<1> ( ) 4-12 -1

13 () 45 [] 4-13 -1

14 () 46 116 [14] 12 16 ( ) 47 [14] 47.0 (a) [ ] 4-14 -1

4 () (a) 19 9 11 3.0(b)19.0(d)(o) 13.0(a) 24.6(b)35.3(a) (b) 20 1 1 13.0(e) 110.2(c) 16 4 --1

[1] 12 ( 14 ) () ( 49 ) () 31 65 ( 14 516 ) 2.0 (a) [13]2.2 () 65 20 40 2.5 25 65 2.2 (a) 90 150 16 4 - [1]-1

90 110 (b) 120 (b) [13]3.2 () 65 () 12 0.177 65 ( ) 3.2 (a) 2.2(a)(b) () 3.0 (a) [13]8.0 () 0.3 0.6 0.9 0.3 0.9 0.3 8.0 (a) 4 (b) ( ) 0.1 0.6 (c) 16 16 4 - [1]-2

(b) [13]9.0 ( ) 9.0 (a) (1) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) () 12 12.0(b)(1)(2) (1) 10cm 2 () 60cm () 60cm () 1.2cm 16 4 - [1]-3

9.0<1> (2) ( ) 9.0<2> (b) (c) m JIS K 6348() (d) ISO 1 2 ISO 10239:2000 Small craft Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) system ((LPG)) () 39 ( 14 512 ) () 146 110 15 4 - [1]-4

300 () 39 1 13 15 18 5.0 (a) [13]13.0 14.0 15.0 13 82 82 82 600 20 13.0 (a) 20 300 14 82 600 20 14.0 (a) 20 300 15 82 82 600 20 15.0 (a) 20 300 18 82 600 500 16 4 - [1]-5

() 39 () 146 200 70 200 143 75 200 130 350 138 20 75 250 700 130 15 18 20 250 700 120 (180 450 ) 115 (450 800 ) 111 (800 2100 ) ( )180 700 20 3 1 1 45 10 4 - [1]-6

146 110 (A) 100 (A) () 39 () 146 10 () ( ) 4 - [1]-7

12 () ( ) 40 19 ( ) 40 19 ( ) 40 ( 14 ) () 146 ( ) XYZ 4 - [1]-8

( ) ( ) ( ) 50 I=3.4310 6 D 2 K -D I () T ()0.0000002 D () K 0.8 ( ) (1) (2) 7.5 60 ( 25 50 ) 20 4 - [1]-9

8.1 (a) [13]19.1 16 19 ( ) 83 20 ( ) 83 ( ) 225 112.5 112.5 112.5 135 19.1 (a) 19.1<1> (b) () 67 4 - [1]-10

( ) ( 14 512 ) () 20 ( ) 40 20 ( ) 40 9.1 (a) [13]20.0 16 20 83 (( 21 )( )) ( ) 12 12 2.5 ( 20 ()( )) 20 3.0 27 ( 20 ) 82 2.5 20 82 3.7V 0.1667 () 4 - [1]-11

V () 20.0 (a) (b) (c) () 67 ( 52 62 ) 26 0.9 26 4 - [1]-12

() 10 HF 42 84 28 HF 42 84 29 () 28 146 38 (MF ) 26 () 29 146 38 (MF ) 26 27 4 - [1]-13