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24 11

43 100 44 18 44 49 88 1

30 10 () 49 12 18-1 -

-2 -

-3 -

( 29 ) (1) 1 9 (2) ( 3 ) 30 1 () 10 () 1,000 1ha 34 2 3 2 4 34 2 1 3(34) 2 4 ( 32 ) 33 34 33 34 2 ( 44 4 ) (1) 38 (2) 4 () 4

( 38 ) ( 3 ) 39 40 (1) ( 37 ) (2) 41 () (3) 42 ( 4 47 ) 19 3 20 9

10 ( 0 ) 29 () 1 2 3 2 1 () 41 42 4381 11 88 3 1 3 0 0 12 73 10 8 1

4 (1) (2) (3) () 2. () () () () () 1ha b d 7

1ha 1ha 8

1ha 1ha 1ha 1ha 1ha 1ha ()()2 ()() 2 () a 100 b () a 4m b () a b () a 1/3 9

b () () () () 10

(1) 42 2 2 (2) (3) (4) () 1 123 () () () () ( 11

(1) (2) 29 1 4 7 8 9 () () 2 1 () () () 1 2 () 30cm 24 8 2 1 2 12

29 1 2 (1) 1,000 1 1 (2) 3,000 1 1 (1) (3) 3,000 1 1 (4) 1ha 2 () 2 22 3 3 () 29 1 2 2 1 A-B- (1) (2) (3) (4) () (1)(4) 90 () 13

a 0 b 10a (7) 29 1 3 2 2 29 1 3 18 19 11 30 (1) (2) (3) (4) () () (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) 3 1 1 (14) (1) (1) (17) (18) (19) 14

(20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (2) (2) (27) (28) (29) (30) (31) (32) (33) (34) (2) (29) 2 4 () () () () () () (29) (29) PFI (29) () () () () 1

(29) () () ()() (29) 22 7 244 2 (29) (29) 29 1 4 2 2 1 8 2 29 1 29 1 29 1 7 29 1 8 22 2 29 1 9 2 2 29 1 10 2 2 29 1 11 2 2 1

(1) (2) (3) 10 (4) () (4) 10 () (7) (1) 8 (1) () () () () 8 4 (2) (4) () () () 1. 1ha 1ha 43 (1) (2) 17

(3) (4) () 29 1 1 33 10 10 13 297 1 (1) 12m (2) (3) 1 (1)(3) 18

1 (1) (2) (3) 1 11 1 4 373 2 1(1) (1) 3 (2) 4 (3) 19

(A )(B ) 2 B A A+B 2 + B 4mm 20

1 (1) (2) (3) (4) () () (1) (2) (3) (1) (2) (3) (4) (1) (2) (3) (4) () () (1) (2) (1) (2) (3) (4) (1)(3) (1) (2) 21

43 100 44 18 44 49 2 201 2 338 2 40 27 180 4 320 31 79 31 290 31 30 32 177 32 33 32 4 33 79 34 147 42 37 3 191 37 1 42 7 22

2 1 2 3 4 7 8 9 10 1 2 1ha 1ha 1ha 1ha 1ha 1ha 3 1ha 1ha 1ha 1ha 1ha 1ha 4 2 23

33 1 33 1 1 39 1 48 13 8 3 7 48 13 88 2 (1) (2) (3) 1 120180m 300m (4) 200300 33 2 1 20 20 2 24 (1) (2) 2(1) (3) 2 2 (4) 4.0m 24

() () 2 4 2 4 (1) (2 4 ) (2 4 ) (2) 2

(1) 2 2 2 4 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000.m 9.0m.0m 9.0m.0m 9.0m 4m 2 m 300 / 300m 4m (2) 2 2 (1) (1) 4m () 1ha () () () () () 20 2 a b 4m () () () () () 1 () () () 2

(3) (4) S9.7 2 24 7 9m 2.0m 3.0m 2 3 (1) 1.2.0% 2.0% (2) (3) 9% 12% 7.% % (4) 7m 3m 1.m 30cm 1cm 24% 10m 27

() 2m 8m m 8m () 3m () () () 3m 4m m () 3m 8m 28

29

() m 40m 30m 20m 1m 12m 10m 8m m 4m 40m 12 1 8 10 12 8 10 12 8 8 10 8 30m 10 12 8 10 12 8 10 12 8 8 10 8 4 20m 10 12 8 10 12 8 10 12 8 8 10 8 4 4 4 1m 8 10 8 10 8 10 8 10 8 4 4 4 12m 8 8 8 8 8 4 4 4 10m 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 8m 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 m 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 4m 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 90 0 120 p.13 30

(7) 11 9 10 17 2 3 (http://www.mlit.go.jp/road/press/press0/2000203/t.pdf) (8) (9) (10) 31

33 1 2 2 7 21 2 ha 3 hada0.3ha PA10 PA3%DA 20haDAha PA300 PA3%DA PA1,000 1 DA20ha PA300 PA3%DA PA1,000 2 PA PA DA 0.3ha ha 1 ( 10 ) 2,00 20,000 (1) 20m (2) 00m (3) (1) (2) 1,000 2 (3) m m (4) () 1 32

(1) (2) (3) (4) 1 () 30 3m (1) (2) (3) (4) 8 10 1 2 3 4 100 7 8 120 9 10 1 11 (1) 33

(2) (1) 33 1 2 2 8 23 18 20 1 39 7 1 2 23 18 20 2 21 1 3 40 1 /min 40 10mm 180m 7mm 1 4 12 1 2 1 2 2 140m 2 8 1 1 3 1 10 140m (1) 4.m (2) 0.m (3) (4) 0.m 34

33 1 3 2 22 (1) Q = 1/30 C I A Q ( /s) C I (mm/h) 10 I = 3830 / ( t + 23) A (ha) t (min) ( 21 )P134 t t1 t2 t = t1 + t2 1ha t2 () t1 t1 = 7 10 710 7 2009 p.73 3

() t2 t2 = /V L(m) V(m/s) V V = 1/n R 2/3 i 1/2 V(m/s) n R = A/P AP i n n (1 ) (2 ) 0.01 0.013 0.024 0.033 () 0.012 0.010 0.0110.014 0.0110.01 0.0120.018 0.0110.01 0.010.020 0.0170.030 0.0230.03 0.013 0.010.02 0.0220.033 0.0220.030 0.020.040 0.020.033 0.070.10 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.01 0.01 0.017 0.02 0.032 0.013 0.022 0.027 0.02 0.03 0.030 0.100 ( 21 )p.137 (2) 0.71.01. 1020% V = 1/n R 2/3 I 1/2 Q = A V 3

Vm/ I nq / RA 1.2 4cm 0.8m/s 3.0m/s 0.m/s 3.0m/s 1m 19 9 30 19 4 18 9 19 7 17 12 37

(1) (2) 120 1cm 38

33 1 4 (1) (2) (3) (4) (1) (2) (1) 100 (3) (1) 100 33 1 12 4 1 1 29 103 33 1 27 p.18 39

() 930 + 370(N-1) 13 121 4,80 + 1,00(N-1) 19,400 + 80(N-1) 22 24,0 + 800(N-21) 9,00 + 1,00(N-1) N= 1021 22 18,00 + 1,200(N-9) 32,900 + 1,100(N-21) 3 17,00 + 1,300(N-) 7 17,00 + 1,00(N-) (1) 1 (2) 1 (1) (2) 23 12 27 3 (1) (2) 33 1 7 28 22 23 3 1 9 (1) (2) (3) (4) 30cm 40

() (m) SW 0 1:1.8 GMGCGWGP 1 1:1.8 1:2.0 SP 010 1:1.8 1:2.0 010 1:1.8 1020 1:1.8 1:2.0 SMSC 0 1:1.8 10 1:1.8 1:2.0 VH2 0 1:1.8 1:2.0 () (7) (1) 2m 1m 2m 30 1 4 23 1 1 2 1 040 3 2 0 8040 0 3 4 m 1 2 1 m 41

2 30 ABCDE ABCFGE ABCH GEI 1 p.1 p.17 (2) 2m 1m 2m p.294 42

m 30 30 (3) m 12m 2m (4) 2m 2 2 () 43

() () a 0.t/ 30cm b 10 () m 30cm 44

70 7 2m 40cm (1:0.3) (1:0.27) 2m 3m 0cm 2m 40cm 70 2m 3m 4cm (1:0.47) (1:0.3) 3m 4m 0cm 3m 40cm 3m 4m 4cm (1:0.47) 4m m 0cm 70 7 2m 0cm (1:0.3) (1:0.27) 2m 3m 70cm 2m 4cm 70 2m 3m 0cm (1:0.47) (1:0.3) 3m 4m 7cm 2m 40cm (1:0.47) 2m 3m 3m 4m 4m m 0cm cm 80cm 70 7 2m 8cm (1:0.3) (1:0.27) 2m 3m 90cm 2m 7cm 70 2m 3m 8cm (1:0.47) (1:0.3) 3m 4m 10cm 2m 70cm (1:0.47) 2m 3m 3m 4m 4m m 80cm 9cm 120cm 40cm 70cm () 2m 30cm 0cm 2m 3m 30cm 0cm 3m 4m 30cm 80cm 4m m 30cm 100cm 30cm 4

RC 30cm (a) (b) () 3cm 1% 4cm 20% () 3 1 7.cm () 20m 1 () 14 4

7 2 2 1 1.8t 0.3 1.7t 0.40 1.t 0.0 90 1 91 93 94 3 3 0. 0.4 0.3 1cm 8 1 4 40cm 70cm 47

a 93 kn/ 1,000 00 300 300 200 0 100 20 100 0 kn/ 2 b kn/ 10kN/ 33 1 8 23 2 39 1 3 1 3 1 8 1 33 1 9 28 2 23 2 (1) (2) 1ha 10m m 300 48

(3) (1) 1ha 1m 1,000 1m (2) 2040cm () () () (3) 49

33 1 10 28 3 23 3 33 1 2 10ha 1.01.ha 4m 1..0ha m.01.0ha 10m 1.02.0ha 1m 2.0ha 20m p.2020 1/2 0

33 1 11 24 40ha 33 1 12 24 2 1ha 33 1 13 24 3 1ha 33 1 14 2/3 (1) (2) (3) (4) 33 32 (1) (2) (3) 1

2

37 (1) (2) (3) (4) 41 2 41 1 (1) (2) (1) 1/10 47 12 (2) (1) 3m (2) 2.3m (1) (2) (3) 1/10 3

1,00 12m 131 2 13 4 2 42 (1) 42 2 (2) (3) 42 1 (4) () 29 1 2 3 (1) (2) 33 1 2 3 4 4

34 2 1 3(34) (1) 33 (2) 32 3 2 1 34 2 3 2 3 3 37 38 39 40 41 42 44 4 47

11 19 7 43 1 3 20 80 9 30 322 9 30 ha 9 3 28 13 P U 20 10m 33

29 8 9 10 27 8 34 43 42 (1) (2) 42 1 4 (3) m (4) 7

(1) 1ha 20ha 24 () () () () () () 10 18 37 100 44 () (2) 20ha (1) 20ha 34 2 8

() (1) (2) (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) (4) (2) 21 22 22 29 34 2 3 2 3 2 34 2 3 2 44 4 38 3 3 37 41 42 9

0 1 8 11 31 489 (1) (2) (3) (4) () 3 2 222 (1) 29 (2) (3) 29 ( 17 ) 17 2 0

() 29 0.1ha 8,00 0.1ha 0.3ha 22,000 0.3ha 0.ha 43,000 0.ha 1ha 8,000 1ha 3ha 130,000 3ha ha 170,000 ha 10ha 220,000 10ha 300,000 0.1ha 13,000 0.1ha 0.3ha 30,000 0.3ha 0.ha,000 0.ha 1ha 120,000 1ha 3ha 200,000 3ha ha 270,000 ha 10ha 340,000 10ha 480,000 0.1ha 8,000 0.1ha 0.3ha 130,000 0.3ha 0.ha 190,000 0.ha 1ha 20,000 1ha 3ha 390,000 3ha ha 10,000 ha 10ha 0,000 10ha 870,000 3 870,000 870,000 30 29 10 29 10,000 1

41 42 4,000 2,000 4 47 1ha 1ha 1,700 2,700 17,000 470 2

37 13 (1) (2) (3) (4) () () 1 3 1 1 41 2 14 (1) (2) (3) (4) 2 () () 42 1 1-1 (1) (2) (3) (4) 2 () () (7) 22 0 11 0 18 (1) (2) (3) 3

9 4

30 20 1 40 (1) 29 34 2 3 3 2 4 34 2 (2) 37 41 42 (3) 4

(1) (2) 3,000 20ha 20ha 40ha 3,000 20ha 20ha 40ha (3) 3,000 20ha 20ha 40ha (4) 3,000 20ha 1/2,000 1/ 2,00 20ha 40ha ha () 1ha 1ha 1ha 1ha 1ha 1ha ha 1ha ha (1/2,00) (1/1,000) (1/1,000) (1/1,000) (1/00) (1/00) () (1/ 0) ()

1 1. 2. 3. 4. 1/2,000 1. 2 1. 2. 3. 4 1/2,00 1. 3 1. 2. 3. 4.. 4 1. 2. 3. 4.. () 1. 2. 3. 4. 1/2,00 1. 2. ha 3 1. 2. 3. -7 -

1. 2. 3. 4. 7 8 9. 10. 11. 1/1,000 1 2 3 A2A3 4. 12. 13. 14. 7 1. 1/1,000 1. 2. 3. 4. 2... 7. 3. 8. 9. 4. 10.. ha -8 -

8 1. 2. 3. 4... 7. 1/1,000 1. 9 1. 2. 3. 4... 7. 8. 9. 1/1,000 1. ha 10 1. 1/200 1/00 2. 1. 11 1. 2. 3. 4.. 1/0 1. 12 1. 2. () 3. 4... 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 1/00 1. -9 -

13 1. 2. 3. 14 1. 2. 1/200 1/00 1/0 1 1. 1/0 1 1. 2. 1/00 1. 2. 17 1. ( 2. 3. 4... 7. 8. 9. 10. 18 1. 2. 3. 1/0 1. 1/00 1. 2. 19 1. 2. 3. 4... 7. 8. 9. 1/1,000 1. -70 -

20 1. 1/0 1. 21 1. 2. 3. 4.. 22 1. 23 1. 24 1. 2 1. 1. 1. 2. -71 -

ha W=9.0m (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (100%) % % % % % 100% (1) (2) (1) (2) (3) (4) () () -72 -