16 17 3
1.... 4 1.1.... 4 1.2.... 4 1.3.... 5 2.... 7 2.1.... 7 2.1.1.... 8 2.1.2.... 8 2.1.3.... 12 2.1.4.... 14 2.1.5.... 25 2.1.6.... 26 2.2.... 28 2.2.1.... 29 2.2.2..30 2.3.3.... 33 2.2.4.... 35 2.2.5.... 41 2.2.6.... 45 2.2.7.... 49 2.2.8.... 51 2.3.... 52 2.3.1.... 53 2.3.2.... 53 2.3.3.... 59 2.3.4.... 62 2.4.5.... 65 2.3.6.... 71 2.3.7.... 73 2.4.... 74 2.4.1.... 74 2.4.2.... 75 3.... 79 3.1.... 80 3.2.... 101 1
3.3.... 109 4.... 152 5.... 155 5.1.... 155 5.2.... 159 5.3.... 165 6.... 172 6.1. 1... 173 6.2. 1... 177 6.3. 1... 183 6.4. 2... 186 6.5.... 190 6.6.... 196 6.7. 3... 223 6.8. 4... 224 6.9.... 231 6.10.... 236 2
3
1. 1.1. 2004 e-tanzawa 3 1.2. 2004 4
2004 1.3. 5
WG 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 6
2. 2004 2.1. 2004 10 10 19 00 21 30 11 5 15 ( ) 7
11 5 1 2.1.1. 3 1 2 5 3 2.1.2. 8
3 4 ha 870 3 300 800 40 30 50 1 1970 80 1,200 1980 100 40 60-70 9
3 1 50 2 2 2 1970 10 15 20 10 7 150 3 10
2 1960 70 60 90 3 15 2 11
2.1.3. 56 50 80 18 90 12
45 100 220 640 100 79 11.8 4.75ha 32.8km 3 18 18 1500 3 3 13
1993 10 2.1.4. 3 1 14
2 3 2.1.4.1. 11 6 3 24 23 11 16 3 37 5 37 40 5 3 4 50 2.1.4.2. ( ) 15
1978 2003 1978 2003 5 2003 2003 25 70 27 30 7 10 16
2.1.4.3. 5 1970 34 1 2 1.5 1967 1 6500 9000 3000 1993 6000 4 1997 6000 1997 9000 1993 1300 1500 7 8 17
3 3 5 9000 3 2.1.4.4. 5 8 20 2.1.4.5. 18
20 1 800 100 k 1983 84 1 1980 1000 1980 1000 1 1994 1994 95 1 2002 1993 1997 2 19
2 2 2002 3 1 3 2 1 2002 7 1994 5 4 20
4 2002 5 2002 H G F E D C B A 5 2002 7 8 2 6 2000 21
6 2002 22
2.1.4.6. 3000 10 5 8 5 23
2.1.4.7. 2 24
2.1.5. 700 5 5 50 25
5 10 2.1.6. 3 1 2 3 2 5 26
27
2.2. 2005 1 30 13:00-17:30 100 1 28
2.2.1. 3 10 6 100 29
2.2.2. 2 5 30
3 31
100 1000 20-30 8 30 7 32
NPO 2.3.3. 33
1 30-40 40 60 10 11 11 50 34
A B C D C 2.2.4. 3 25,000ha 35
1,400m 1,660m 2,000m 8,750ha 6 2 2,000m 700-1,600m 1,600-1,900m 1,700m 1,900m 3 25 27 1 52-54 2 6-8 3 9 12 4 2 1 70 28 35 15 6 7 20 10 10 3 1 1 6 7 10 50 50 36
6-7 25% 4 8 3 3 7 8 HP 22 27 43 3 1 24 2 40 50 40 37
42 3 30 24 NHK 1ha 29 41 90% 47 48 49 111 8 9 14 15 16 16 38
40 40 34 1 2 1 12-16 7 8 64 3 1 2 3 PR 39
60 12 111 5 42 16 PR HP 5 4 2 11 4 1 2 3 4 Q A 40
2.2.5. 10 100 1,000 30km 220km 500 2 1,000m 1,000m 1 mm 40% 20% 1983 7 1 6 7 2 3 41
40 30 18 60 3-4 15,000-20,000 10 3 42
100 1997 10 2002 30 10 5 100 43
1 2 3 4 3 1 2 3 Q A Q A 100 HP 44
2.2.6. 2.2.6.1. 3 3 32 6 9 3 28 55 308 5.5 14 14% 3 7 2 8 2 9 45
46 6 3 14 14
2.2.6.2. 860 1 2 10 22 300 1 5 11 13 100 90-95 100 1 20 30cm 11 13 2005 4 10 12 54 47
COD 5 HP 2.2.6.3. IUCN IUCN Ia Ib II III IV V VI 2 3 5 48
IUCN ET ET T IUCN 12 IUCN 2.2.7. 15 49
300 50 100 100 50
2.2.8. 51
2.3. 2005 2 27 09:00-12:20 1 3 1 2 52
3 2 2.3.1. 3 1 2 3 2.3.2. 53
NOx 3 ph4.8 20 ph 4.5 5.9 ph 4.8 ph 4.8 5.1 7.0 ph 4.0 4.8 ph 3.5 4.0 0.5 5.1 ph 2.7 3 ph 5 4.0 ph 54
ph2.0 ph ph 2.5 2.0 3 ph 1 7 15 ph2.7 3 ph1.0 1 4 ph Ca 55
SO 2 0.04ppm 3 1 1990 NOx AOT40 AOT40 40ppb AOT40 1990 40ppb NO NO 2 SO 2 42 46ppb 2 1 1540 120 150ppb 110ppb 100ppb 1 60ppb 30ppb 50ppb AOT40 1 SO 2 SO 2 56
4 3 SO 2 SO 2 SO 2 SO 2 10% AOT40 11 20 SO 2 5 15ppb 8 AOT40 11 20ppb 75 6 8 15 AOT(Ox) 8 15 15ppb AOT40 13 AOT40(Ox) 70 13 SO 2 S 5 3 5 57
1 0.8 2 SO 2 1 2 NOx AOT40 1 2 58
NO X 2.3.3. NO 2 SPM 59
PM 9 98 87 87 57 30 14 NO SPM 1 40 50ppb NO NO SO 2 15 SPM 73 74 NO X NO 2 SO 2 60
1991 2 NO SO 2 0.12ppm NO NOx NO NO 2 NO H5.6 H 1995 2002 EC 10 61
H 500 1000 1300 2.3.4. 2001 2006 1992 1960 1994 62
2001 16 4 8 100 100 5 4 2 5 0 3 16 2000 100 10 1 2 20 4 T1 T5 T5 50 v m 0.8 T1 7 T5 63
8 T1 T5 1993 1994 1997 1999 2002 2002 2004 1993 1994 1995 3 1997 10 8 2004 15 4 1 2 64
1991 2002 11 40 ph CEC 1991 3 2 2.4.5. 2.3.4.1. 1988 1960 1980 65
ph ph3.5 4.0 ph3 0.5 NOx SPM 10 2 2 PH5 ph3 66
67 H2 H3 H5 ph ph 2.3.4.2.
1993 1 2000 2003 3 2004 966 365 48 125 4 1 68
2.3.4.3. WG WS WS 30 NO 69
30 2 WS 2 3 2 3 30 WG 70
71 Ability principle Benefit principle A ability B(benefit) Cause principle A+B+C cause C C commitment C 2.3.6.
1960 1980 NO 2 NO O NO SPM NOx 5 10 72
100 2.3.7. 1 2 3 2 73
2.4. 2.4.1. 6 WG 3 2 11 25 19:00 21:00 11 26 9:00 11:30 12:00 14:30 100 1 10 2002 74
100 800ha 49000 1998 1 2 2.4.2. 1 2 ( ) 3 4 5 16 WG 13 2 75
11 27 7:20 7:50 9:25 9:00 10:00 11 28 10 00 10:00 11 00 11 00-12 76
NPO 26,861ha 50 2003 2003 11 1 116 6 3 4 NPO 5 6 77
7 NPO NPO NPO 1-2 78
3. 2 3 4 5 79
3.1. 1 1. 2 5 2. 2.1. 1 1. 2 Kooperationprinzip 80
3 4 NGO 5 NGO 6 NGO 7 NGO ECE 8 3 EU 2003 9 EU ILO 169 3 8 (j) 10 (c) (e) 4 VII.8, 1999 5 4 1 (i) 6 (a)(iii) 6 3 (c) 10 2 7 14 2 8 Convention on Access to Information and Public Participation in Environmental Matters (Åarhus Convention). 9 Directive on Public Access to Environmental Information (2003/4/EC). 81
21 32 NGO active, free and meaningful participation 2.2. 12 10 10 (Decision V/6: Ecosystem Approach) 82
3. 83
14 3.1. 3.1.1. 14 12 11 1 NPO 5 NPO NPO NPO 15 4 1 5 NPO 84
3.1.2. 100 85
3.2. 3.2.1. 16 6 11 6 18 3 16 3 15 470 57 27 11 11 159 (3) 1276 80 2004 86
87 NPO 3 2 NPO
NPO 1500 NPO 3.2.2. 3 2 NPO 88
NPO 3.3. 3.3.1. 15 7 25 15 10 1 16 9 NPO 89
16 10 1 10 30 12 5 3.3.2. 12 156 (2) 1252 65 2003 90
65 5 3.4. 3.4.1. 91
1500 3.4.2. 4. 92
1 2 3 2003 156 (2) 1252 2004 159 (3) 1276 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 VII.8 I 1.~3. 93
9. II. i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. i. ii. 94
iii. iv. v. i. ii. iii. iv. v. i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. 95
i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. i. ii. iii. iv. v. 96
III. 97
IV. II 10 14 98
99
V. 4.10 5.6 5.7 3 5.2 VI.1 VII.10 i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. 100
3.2. 1. 13 101
1 2. 2.1. 1919 ( 8) 6 2 75 1960 75 1970 1960 1 WG 1 102
1971 1970 1990 103
2.2. 2 2.2.1. 2.2.2. 104
105 user-charge current charges fees 2.2.3. 2 2 3.
Ability principle Benefit principle A ability B benefit 1970 OECD PPP Polluter Pays Principle Cause principle C cause A ability B(benefit) C cause C commitment C commitment 1. 1984 The national trust:past and present 2. 2004 2004 3 3. 1997 106
4. 1996 5. 2003 6. 2000 7. 1987 437 8. 1970 168 9. 1984 10. 2003 10 6 2 11. 1970 237 12. 1974 13. 2000 14. 2003 15. 2004 No.12 16. 2001 11 2 17. 1999 18. 1979 19. 1980 356 20. 1971 10 21. 1981 72 2 22. 1969 5 6 23. 1983 19 2 24. 2004 70 7 25. 1992 26. 2001 31 1 27. 1997 26 4 28. 2002 32 1 29. 2002 30. 31. 1967 32. 2000 33. 2005 107
34. 1990 62 8 35. Eric Lindahl 1958, Some Controversial Questions in the Theory of Taxation, in Richard A. Musgrave and Alan. Peacock ed, in Classics in the Theory of Public Finance, Macmillan Co., New York.. 36. Paul A. Samuelson 1947, Foundation of Economic Analysis, Harvard University Press, Cambridge 37. R. A. Musgrave 1959, The Theory of Public Finance: a study in public economy, McGraw-Hill, New York. 108
3.3. 1. 1990 1993 1996 2 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 2. 2.1. 400 109
110 100 500 60 1970 20 717.5 2000 30 90 1970 870 2001 1.8
111 2.2. 1993 4 2 460 1997 5 1999 3 4 1 2 11 119 2000 4
112 5 100 2.3. 1990 8 100 30 20 1996 31 9 6 ha 4 ha 7 2 8 ha 1997 2019 15 5 1 25 1997 5 1 3
6 6 7 1996 6 2140 357 2000 31.4 49 2000 5 2000 6 30 2002 6 ( ) 2003 7 113
1 2 3 3. 3.1. 1950 1948 1955 1960 1960 1965 1962 1963 1965 1970 1979 1980 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 1050 73 2514 2003 207 2004 22 2875 114
3.1.1. 8 2002 3.1.2. 115
116 1999 100 3.1.3. 3 3 2200
2006 4 2003 3 3.1.4. 117
118 90 2000 1 3.1.5.
119 1 1
20 2003 1 4. 4.1. 154 2002 3 NPO NPO 21 120
2001 7 10 10 5 1 2001 12 11 1994 2002 3 3 2001 4.2. 4.2.1. 2002 121
122 NGO 4.2.2. NPO NPO 6 4.2.3.
123 3 12 4.2.4. NPO NPO
124
NPO NPO 15 NPO NPO NPO NPO 2002 NPO 50 2004 1000 NPO 21 NPO NPO 1000 NPO 200 NPO NPO 125
5. 3 5 5.1. 3 NPO NPO 3 126
1 3 NPO 3 3 3 3 5.2. 3 17 17 3 30 23 4 127
2 12 2 1 5 13 11 1 NPO 1 128
5.3. 5 100 5.3.1. 129
130 1970 25 250km 1995 2100 100 NPO ( ) etc. 100 100 NPO 100 NPO 100 10 100 HP http://www.kasumigaura.net/asaza/ ( ) http://www.kasumigaura.net/k-soda/ 21 COE http://www.ber.es.a.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ http://www.kasumigaura.go.jp/kyogikai/index.html HP
1981 1995 1994 1999 NPO NPO 1999 2000 100 10 100 1995 2000 2005 1 Nymphoides peltata. ( ) 100 NPO etc. 131
100 etc. NEC CSR IT NTT ( ) ( ) 132
NPO NPO 100 http://www.kasumigaura.net/asaza/misson/index.html 133
NPO ( ) 1995 10 21 COE NEC ( ) IT CSR 5.3.2. 2003 3 2002 etc 106 2005 HP http://www.stork.u-hyogo.ac.jp/ http://www2.nkansai.ne.jp/toyooka/kounotori/ http://web.pref.hyogo.jp/tajima/kikaku_tiiki/index.html http://www.tajima-portal.com/kounotori/ http://www.kkr.mlit.go.jp/toyooka/maruyama-saisei/index.html 134
1971 Ciconia boyciana 110 180 200 5 1940 1971 1955 1990 1999 2003 2002 2004 2005 5 3 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2003 135
( ) etc. ( ) etc. ( ) etc. p.38 3 17 2 4 136
5.3.3. AKAYA( ) 2004 3 2011 3 10 1 ha 6 10 HP http://www.nacsj.or.jp/akaya/ http://www.kanto.kokuyurin.go.jp/akaya/akayaproject/index.html 1 2004 3 1949 1957 1988 1990 10 2000 137
2000 2003 2004 3 ( ) ( ) ( ) AKAYA( ) 138
2004 4 2 7 10 3 16 10 1 NPO NPO 2000 NPO 5.3.4. 139
140 100 1998 100 200 5 11 HP 100 http://www.town.shari.hokkaido.jp/100m2/ http://www.shiretoko.or.jp/04zaidan/zaidan_main.htm 1964 63 15 100 13 5 6
14 15 100 1 8 2 10 1 5 20 27 2 3 100 160 1 4 23 2002 141
13 14 600 334 2004 3 2005 98 100 1960 1970 100 1977 8000 100 142
1986 100 1997 4 9 470 2 100 5 5 1 2004 2 2 2 1 2 100 100 2 14 100 200 20 5 2 9 20 7 12 14 5 143
800 14 1 3 GIS 1 1 3 6 7 5 70 24 2 100 200 9 6 144
145 5.3.5. 2002 2500 1980 1980 3 3 116 http://www.kushiro-wetland.jp/ NPO http://homepage3.nifty.com/sarun/ HP 1960 50 2 1967 1969
1980 1987 1997 1999 2001 1980 5 25 ha 2001 21 2002 NPO NPO 1 5 6 146
NPO NPO 1989 186ha 350 100 2002 1 5 147
6. 148
149
150 ( ( 2007 2008 2009 2004 2005 2006 ( 1999
3.3. 1. 2000 29 4 2. 2001 2000 3. 2002 7 31 4. 2002 31 4 5. 2003 6. 2000 29 4 7. 2002 31 4 8. 2002 31 4 9. 2000 10. 1997 635.pp 11. 1999 138.pp 12. 2002 35.pp 13. 2001 14. 1999 15. 1999 16. 2001 17. 2002 31 4 18. 2003 32 4 19. 1999 151
4. WG WS WS WS NOx WG 3 1 152
2 20 3 2005 3 153
5. 5.1. 20 700 5 5 1992 MSY 50 155
10 156
2000 2000 200 300 2 157
3 1 5 10 10 1960 158
5.2. 159
3 15 860 150 160
sustainable use 5 1 4 161
162 3 300
100 100 2 3 50 50 50 50 30 100 100 100 163
1 11 Q 164
A 5.3. 100 165
SPM DPF 5 10 SPM NOx 5 10 1992 166
2001 167
1960 1980 NO 2 NO O 168
1980 1980 1990 100 NO 1960 1970 NO 169
WG NOx 5 10 NOx NOx 170
SO 2 NOx NOx 171
6. 2004/6/30 2004/7/16 WGL 2004/8/26 2004/12/18 2004/12/19 2004/12/25-26 2004/12/27-28 2004/10/10 2005/1/30 2005/2/27 2005/2/15 (2/27)
6.1. 1 WG 2 217 2004 5 26 ( ) 3 30 6 WG M2 1 1 1 51 1 1 1. 21 51 5 2. 1 1 1990 1 2 3 2003 12 2003 3
WG WG WG 350 2004 7 WG WG WG WG 2006 3. WG
6 8 WG 6 30 3 7 12 4 5 7 9 10 3 7 27 6 6 7 4 2 4. WG 28 HP Q A A Q
A A A Q A WG BBS HP 6 4 Q 3 4 A NGO Q A A A 1 6 8 Q A Q A Q A
A Q A A A 6.2. 1 2004 6 30 3 702 703 1. WG e-tanzawa WG
WG 2. 4 35 40 1980 9 3 21 38,927 H11.3.31 9 3 11 12 4 16
3. 9 3 2015 3 4. 11 6 1500 H.15.4.1 H.193.31 3 1500 H.15.4.1 H.19.3.31 5 3 5.
8 1.6 1 120 1 1 27000 2 2003.10 62344 41410 41,410 70 23 H9 H31 23 1001 648 353 9 15 7 5564 19.3 300 5 60 16 6 1 19 25 Q 3 A Q A 44 1 20 12 4000 Q
A 134 Q A Q A Q A C Q A Q A Q A 2 1 10 2 1 20 Q A 5 60 Q A 1ha 80 1.6ha Q A Q A 800 800
Q A Q A Q A A Q A Q A Q A Q A Q A Q A Q A
Q A Q 4 A 1 5 6.3. 1 2004 7 16 1 1. 700 1970 93 96
700km 1 4kg 30 20 1 100 2002 6 10 2.5T NOx 8222kg/ 7357 865 Q A Q A Q A 3 Q 2000 A
A 2. 2.1. 39 1966 1960 80 27 1958 2.2. 15 20 26 27 31 2 32 36 3 37 41 4 42 46 5 47 51 40 11 35 23 5 24 26 28
35 36 4 66 6.4. 2 2004 8 26 2 4 12 5 15 10 16 16 2 16 8 16 8 16 8 24 WG
1. by 1.1 p.30 9 12 13 1.2. p.20 1.3. p.8 8 6 25,6 3 7 1.4.
1.5. 1.6. 1 1.7. p.10 1 10 140 200 1,500 9 1,000 3 6 380 Q A 5 Q A Q C Q 500 A
Q 2 A Q A Q A 600 Q A : Q A Q A C Q A
1 17 2 18 Q A 20 4 5 4 Q A Q A 2 C C C C 6.5. WG 2004 11 25 27 1. 2004 11 25
WG Q 10 A 1 2 A 3 PR C Q
A 3 A Q 300 A Q A Q A Q A 37 A NGO NPO 100 2 Q 10
NPO Q 2. 2004 11 26 63 23 13 100 13 3 1 27 1 8 10
14 607 1 15 3 1 13 98
2 100 100 40 57 100 9 4 9 97 860 390ha 9 2 100 5 1 2 5 2 2004 100 200 400 500 50 100 6
6 9 20 12 14 5 800 5 3 6.6. WG 2004 11 27 28 1. 2004 11 27
NPO 15 820 708 87 1967 1969 1980 1 1987 28 28 1997
5 2001 53 7 5 80 95 1 251 46 6 203 66 19 70 39 km 1970 278.35 2000 502.16
30 2 3 30 40 1950 2000 7,692 2000 7,134 92 100 1 1950 2000 1950 2000 7 13 6 3 2003 7 2 1988 12
1977 2000 2003 3 3 1 2 3 7 2 9 11 13 12 14 2 15 1 4 2 1 15 8 9 104 11 15 2 NPO
2 3 conservation recovery restoration rehabilitation maintenance creation 11 18 5 1 104 3 2 1 4 6 104
5 25 ha 104 50 1 1 2003 11 15 2004 11 14 1 2 2 116 Q A Q A
Q 14 A 1 2 5 A Q A Q Q A Q A A 6
A C A A C Q A Q A Q A A A 12 12
1 Q A Q A Q NPO A Q Q A Q A A Q 1,000
A A A A Q A C Q A 1960 C 3 C C C
C Q 1 A 15 3 Q A Q A 2. 2004 11 27
2 2 200-300 1,000~2,000
3 4 1 5 1 5 6 3. NPO 2004 11 27 ( ) 15:00 16:00 NPO 50ha 20 14,000 3 4 ( ) 2,500 /
4. 2004 11 28 4 3 154km 2500 200 km 12 ( ) 1947 224.8 1996 123 21 71.3 3 30 ( )
NPO 3 ( ) 20 12% 2 40 2 8,760
30 ( ) Q A 16 13 ( ) 3 Q A ( 11 )
Q 11 15 A 14 Q NPO A A Q A ( ) Q (5 )
A 5 Q ( ) A 14 Q A 9 5. 2004 11 28 4 3 3 (1) (2) (3) 8 (1) (2) (3) (4) NPO (5) (6) (7) (8) 2 (1) (2) 5 5
1960 14 3 1 (1) (2) (3) 4 2
30 40 3 10 1 1 2 NPO Q A Q 4 A GIS A A PDF
Q A WebGIS Q 12 A 2002 6 10 Q A Q A A Q 10 1 A GIS A A A Q A
6. NPO 2004 11 28 4 3 NPO 20 1989 1 186ha 2 2002 03 4,200ha 2004 ha
1 1 1 Q A 30 50 Q A 350 19 62 Q A A 2002 500 2003 2,000 2004 Q A A
Q A 1 2,000 8,000 200 10 2,500 Q A C contribute C 2-3 2,000 Q A 10 Q A Q NPO A 7.
2004 11 28 ( ) NPO 4 ha 1980 10 5 2002 2003 6 2003 11 2004 1 2 2005 2006 2004 2005 2005 2006
Q A C C C C Q 2 A C C C Q A
Q NPO A C C 35 C C C C 6.7. 3 2004 2004 12 18
6.8. 4 2004 12 19 10 00-12 00
60 1
GIS 4
30
38,633ha 160 2002 26 100 800ha 49000 98 6 1 10 16 26,861ha 50 2003 11 1 116 6 NPO Q A A. A 8 800M 25 25. Q 10 A. Q. Q
A... Q. A.GIS.. Q, A. GIS.. A Q A Q A. A 80 1 1. Q A. A. Q A C 4. Q A A Q A C Q A. Q
A Q. A.. Q A. A.. Q Q A A 2000 3000. C C.. Q. A FS A. Q A Q A A A,.
C C C 6.9. 2005 1 30 18 00 20 00 101 WG T
T C C 80kg 40kg C C 100 C Q T A 100 Q A Q A C Q A A
Q A A A 160 Q A A C C 3 1 2 C 2 2 Q A A
Q A 20 30 C C C C Q A A Q A Q A 2 3 250 190 Q NPO
A Q C 380 100 C C C C C C 3000
C C 6.10. 2005 2 15 14:30 17 30 214 214 3 27 WG ( ) ( ) ( ( )