1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
... 1... 1... 1... 1... 2... 3... 4... 6... 8... 8... 12... 14... 15... 15... 17... 18... 18... 20... 22... 25... 27... 28
EC B2C 1 1 [2000] - 1 -
1980 von Hippel[1976] 2 2 [2000] - 2 -
N Von Hippel [1976] 111 77% 23% 0% Von Hippel [1977] 49 67% 21% 0% Von Hippel [1988] 10 90% 10% 0% 16 6% 94% 0% 5 10% 90% 0% 16 8% 92% 0% 12 42% 17% 33% 14 43% 14% 36% 20 11% 33% 56% Shaw [1985) 34 53% 47% 0% Voss [1985] 63 32% 67% 0% 3 [2000] [1980] [2000] point of sales 3-3 -
190 160 4 100 10 350 107 190 70 [2000] 4-4 -
2000 [2000] 2000-5 -
[2000] 5 5 [1998] - 6 -
6 6 [1988] - 7 -
7 8 7 8 2000 9 Amazon.com DVD 2040 Internet Watch [2000] - 8 -
2000 11 600 5 5,500 2 2001 6-9 -
11 8,000 2002 8 1500 11 99 9 BART 20 30 2000 2 WALG 2001 shes.net 9 12 shesshes 2002 12 WALG shesshes 2000 2001 1 panasense 10 http://www.ricoh.co.jp/close-up/talk14/talk14.html - 10-9 http://www.shes.net/
2003 1 2002 11 11 12 160 OH YEAH! 13 121ware.com 14 2002 8 2001 4 15 2002 9 [sí:] 16 shes.net 10 http://www.club.sense.panasonic.co.jp/club/design/ 11 http://www.mp3rec.com/ 12 http://www.music-eclub.com/ 13 http://www.sapulife.com/ 14 http://121ware.com/ 15 http://www.nec.co.jp/press/ja/0207/1802.html 16 http://www.kikkoman.co.jp/news/02032.html - 11 -
17 2001 4 MUJI+Car 1000 18 500 93 2001 12 1,000 2002 6 2002 11 19 2000 3000 20 75 2001 9 500 17 http://www.muji.net/ 18 http://www.muji.net/car/ 19 http://www.muji.net/mono/project01.html 20 http://www.isetan.co.jp/icm2/jsp/brand/only_i/index.jsp - 12 -
http://www.muji.net/mono/step01.html 1 1 21 2000 7 11 appetime 22-13 - 21 http://www.7dream.com/ 22 http://main.sej.co.jp/06/0601/0601link/045.html
[1998] HP HP 23 1999 NetMail NetMail NetMail NetMail 24 23 [1998] Term 24 [2002] - 14 -
25 [2002a] [2002b] [2002] 1997 98 7 99 1 2000 26 Design-to-OrderDTO 25 [2000] 26 http://www.cuusoo.com/ - 15 -
http://www.cuusoo.com/what/howtouse.htm elephant design elephant design 01 200 3000 01 200 4700 01 100 39.8 CUUSOO CUUSOO tanomi.com 27 1998 1996 2000 3 2002 178 28 100-16 - 27 http://www.tanomi.com/ 28 http://www.tanomi.com/achieve.html
2000 3 1996 Food s-foo 29 Food s-foo 1998 1000 100 30 [2002] 1999 12 100 31 Factory 32 2002 8 shes.net 33 29 http://www.foods.co.jp/ 30 http://www.cosme.net/ 31 2003 4 28 966,617 32 http://www.cafeglobe.com/factory/index.html 33 http://www.shes.net/shes_a.cgi?file=kaihatu/kaihatu.html - 17 -
2002 3 imi 34 580 353 imi 34 http://www.imi.ne.jp/ - 18 -
N 31 12.9 6.5 6.5 5 20.0 20.0 0.0 60 26.7 8.3 6.7 8 12.5 0.0 0.0 15 13.3 0.0 0.0 12 25.0 33.3 16.7 8 0.0 12.5 25.0 118 12.7 5.1 6.8 26 15.4 3.8 7.7 7 14.3 0.0 0.0 23 17.4 8.7 8.7 28 25.0 10.7 10.7 12 41.7 16.7 8.3 353 17.9 7.7 7.4 27.5 (353) 42.9 (48) 24.1 (305) 23.3 (353) 30.2 (24) 21.7 (329)21.0 (353) 30.2 (44) 19.0 (309) 19.3 (353) 27.0 (21) 17.6 (332) (336) 29.2 (353) 44.4 (17) 27.9 19.3 (353) 44.4 (18) 17.2 (335) 7.4 (353) 26.9 (26) 5.8 (327) % ( ) 18 7 25 20 7.4% - 19 -
7.4% 27 10 10 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% - 20 -
imi 10 150 4 7 1,000 11 10 16 9 2001 12-21 -
11 58.1 55.8 38.5 27.7 42.2 34.2 20.7 19.3 17.3 15.3 14.4 12.2 10.2 10.1 45.6 38.3 20.3 18.7 17.6 15.9 13.3 11.4 9.1 8.8 47 [2002] 11-22 -
[2000] 12 13-23 -
12 1.839 1.387 2.000 1.600 1.950 1.250 1.125 2.000 1.533 1.333 1.667 1.417 1.250 1.500 1.347 1.525 1.231 1.731 1.571 1.143 1.739 1.478 2.107 1.286 2.167 1.333 13 13-24 -
13 13 13 13-25 -
- 26 -
[2000] 14 35 [1998] 36 14 2000 35 [2000] 36-27 -
- 28 -
2001 http://www.gbrc.jp/onlinesoftware/tsurukame.pdf 1998 KEIO SFC REVIEW No.3 (1988) INTERNET Watch2000 Amazon.com 9 29 http://www.watch.impress.co.jp/internet/www/article/2000/0929/amazon.htm 2002 2001 1998 1998 1998 http://www.mamorita.com/papers/jasmin199806.htm 2000 2002a Vol.35 No.4 2002b 50 2 2002 @cosme 2002 2000Linux 2002 2002 1980 http://www.triumphjapan.com/triumph/release/011116_main.html http://www.triumphjapan.com/triumph/release/020828_main.html http://www.triumphjapan.com/triumph/release/021015_main.html 2002 50 2 von Hippel, E. (1976), The dominant role of users in the scientific instruments innovation process., Research Policy, 5, 212-239 von Hippel, E. (1977), The Dominant Role of the Users in Semiconductor and Electronic - 29 -
Subassembly Process Innovation., IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, EM-24, No. 2, May : 60-71 von Hippel, E. (1988), The Sources of Innovation (Oxford University Pres, New York). 1991 Shaw, B. (1985), The Role of the Interaction between the User and the Manufacturer in Medical Equipment Innovation. R&D Management, 15, no. 4, October : 283-292 Voss, C. A. (1985), The Role of Users in the Development of Application. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 2 : 113-121 - 30 -