36 5 5.1 5.1.1 1998 2008 1998 10 1988 S-4610 19 5.1S-3 S-1314 S-1 S-2 S-3 S-5 S-7 1998 2 S-8 S-9 S-10 2007 2008 S-12 S-1314
5.1 37 5.1: 1998 2008 2008 No 1998 2008 S-1 2 2 3/30 S-2 12 7 3/23 S-3 2 0 4/12 1 S-4 13 2 S-5 6 0 3/304/12 S-6 5 S-7 7 0 4/12 1 S-8 8 2 4/12 2 S-9 2 0 4/13 S-10 5 S-11 6 1 3/30 S-12 3 15 3/30 3 S-13 1 0 3/304/12 4 S-14 59 0 3/304/12 1 S-15 4 3 4/13 2 S-16 26 4 4/13 1 S-17 26 0 4/6 2 S-18 1 0 4/6 3 S-19 9 0 4/6 1 S-20 18 0 4/20 2 S-21 4 26 4/20 S-22 1 8 4/20 S-1516 2000 S-15 3 S-16 S-171819 S-17 2001 2 2000 S-18 S-19 (1) 2000 1998 2000 9 5
38 5 5.2: 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 (1) 0 11 15 7 12 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 (2) 0 15 32 6 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 10 9 3 0 0 0 4 1 0 25 42 12 34 37 17 6 4 39 31 21 33 60 90 74 49 19 17 15 45 11 29 6 14 20 8 84 43 38 36 24 39 56 58 48 56 7 15 24 30 25 33 25 14 31 16 13 15 57 67 8 52 6 18 30 29 33 19 1 13 36 39 35 38 51 5 20 23 10 18 52 21 207 287 285 269 202 129 127 154 180 175 142 152 5 70 72 43 9 73 42 36 33 14 26 75 65 101 68 28 0 26 2000 2011 12 5.2 5.3 5.1 12 2000 2004 2005 2004 2011 2 6 1 4 17 5.1: 2 2012 1. a 2000 3 4 4 9 3 2 2 100 2001 1 2 3
5.1 39 3 31 30 2002 2 3 18 8 2003 4 5 4 20 2004 3 20 4 10 3 4 21 2005 2006 2007 3 73 45 2008 3 4 2 2009 3 3 20 3 20 4 15 3 26 4 12 3 8 2010 2 4 3 25 4 8 10 4 17 19 3 14 1 2011 3 25 4 3 14 12 13 2 11 10 14 2 b 2000 4 9 2001 4 8 2002 4 7 2003 4 13 2004 4 11 2005 4 17 2006 4 9 2007 4 8 2008 4 6 2009 4 5 2010 4 4 2011 4 3 2. a
40 5 5.3: 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 28 14 13 13 12 23 9 2 8 2 3 5 (1) 2 0 22 34 0 11 14 0 3 8 13 8 (2) 19 42 44 10 0 7 7 0 7 11 0 0 (3) 0 0 6 6 0 0 0 2 3 0 0 0 35 38 54 39 25 12 12 4 4 0 6 12 84 94 139 102 37 53 42 8 25 21 22 25 26 42 25 3 0 2 25 0 4 0 2000 5 2001 3 31 2 2002 2003 2004 3 20 3 4 3 2005 2006 2007 3 8 2008 8 25 2009 2010 (1) 13 (2) 0 22 4 2011 4 2 12 H18 12 7 (1) 8 b 2000 4 2 2001 4 15 2002 4 14 2003 4 6 2004 4 18 2005 4 10 2006 4 16 2007 4 15 2008 4 13 2009 4 12 2010 4 18 2011 4 17 2000
5.2 41 Tim Johnson 5.2 5.2.1 1970 [17, 18, 20]1998 1 ( 1 ) 2005 2007 [68]2008 2 ( 2 ) () 300m - [28] [66] 5.2 () 5.2:
42 5 64 ( 2005 ) 1 (1998 1999 ) 13 13 10 3 5.3 1w(1998) (1999ÊÎÌ) 13 51 10 3 (u) () () 2w(2008) (2005 2007ÊÎÌ) 64 5.3: 1 243 2005 2 2008 934 4 2006 2007 2008 1 13 6 3 1 3 5.4 5.4: 1 2 N-1 3 42 () N-2 4 2 () N-3 2 0 30 N-4 12 24 () [67] 1955 N-5 59 0 N-6 16 20 () N-7 45 () N-8 2 29 () 5.4 N-9 16 1 () N-10 12 0 N-11 51 338 () 10 N-12 6 47 () 3 N-13 15 4 () 2 1 N-1463 427 1 2 243 934 1
5.3 43 5.4: 12 (1955 ) 12 1 2 () () () () () () ( ) () ( ) 5.3 5.3.1
44 5 5.5: 1998 2008 1998 1 * 2008 2 29 37 1999 7 8 29 29 * 1999 2008 2 37 29 1998 1 22 7 8 5.5 5.5 411 2008 2 29 371 1998 1999 1 29 802 10 46 O-1: 1 01998 O-2 10 21998 10 O-3 4 0 5.5: 1999 25000
5.3 45 O-2 O-4 8 0 O-5 33 0 O-6 25 2 O-6a 5 O-6b 8 O-6c 14 O-7 4 12 O-8 47 2 O-9 40 14 O-10 140 822006 10 2006 O-11 14 5 O-12 6 3 O-131 24 107 O-142 59 6 O-153 61 44 O-15a 62005 O-164 62 53 O-16a O-16 21998 O-16 O-175 5 6 O-17a 252003
46 5 O-186 21 101998 O-197 65 13 O-208 55 11998 O-219 10 8 O-23 0 2005 1 2 O-2810 4 14 O-2911 16 0 O-30 36 02005 4 O-31 40 28 O-32 2 0 O-33 4 0 1998 O-34 6 0 O-35 0 2007 O-36 6 2008 2 17 2008 303 2012 63 5.6 1 10 15 50%11 20 5 21 30 2 40 4 14% 4 2
5.3 47 5.6: 17 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 O-4 0 6 2 0 0 O-6 2 0 0 0 O-6a 5 3 8 10 10 O-6b 8 6 2 7 2 O-6c 14 0 3 4 2 O-13 107 91 190 152 13 O-14 6 11 0 0 12 O-15 44 11 4 0 9 O-15a 6 11 1 0 O-16 53 14 4 0 7 O-16a 2 6 0 0 2 O-17 6 8 0 0 4 O-17a 25 11 6 0 0 O-18 10 2 2 0 0 O-20 1 5 0 0 0 O-28 14 23 19 4 2 O-29 0 0 0 0 0 303 208 241 177 63 1 10 2006 10 2006 12 2009 5.6 5.1 2005 5.1 ( 房 ) 140 140 2006 年 12 月カエル池プロジェクト開始 120 アライグマによる捕食害発生 100 82 アライグマによる捕食害対策実施 水深の確保 (30cm 以上 ) シェルターの設置 80 60 58 62 44 51 40 33 20 概ね 10 0 1998 年 2006 年 2007 年 2008 年 2009 年 2010 年 2011 年 2012 年 5.6:
48 5 5.1: 2005 4 11 100 2008 2 5.3.2 5.7: Hynobius tokyoensis 1931
5.3 49 1995 2001 1998 5.7 1995 2008 5.7 18 K-14 107 638 2008 18 5 22 K-1 2009 K-14 K-14 13 5.7: 1995 2008 1995 2008 1995 2008 K-1 14 0* K-10 38 0 K-2 70 0 K-11 8 0 K-3 10 6 K-12 54 0 K-4 5 2 K-13 29 0 K-1 K-5 20 2 K-14 107 K-6 84 0 K-15 16 0 K-18 K-7 67 0 K-16 25 0 K-8 30 8 K-17 14 4 K-9 39 0 K-18 8 0 *: 2009 1. 5.2 2.
50 5 5.2: 2595 008 K-16 K-8 K-8 95 30 08 8 5.2 3. 2003 2004 K-8 5.3 4. 2010 12 2 11 12 2 5.3 5.3: K-8 2010 2012 2 5.3.3
5.3 51 1998 100 10 2008 20 870 9 583 10 30% 319 60% 8 4 40 1 100 H-11H-23 1993 5.8 2003 2005 56ha 5.8: (1) H11 16 (2) 10 6 409 4 0 612
52 5 18 567 2 16 982 20 10 50%90% 10 50% 2005 2010
5.3 53 U 5.3.4 1998 p.51 1998 1993 5.9: (1) 1998 180 10 (2) 800 5.9 1991 2000 2006
54 5 2010 30% 1. 2. 3. ) 4. 5.3.5 1. 2. 500 600 3. 4. 500 260
5.3 55 270 250 300m 274 250 250270 180 200 180 190 200 180 270 280 300 1 6070 5. 250 1. 2 12 2 1011 2 3 10 3 3 4 1 1 1 27 4 4 24 4 5 15 1 7580 100 1 2550 2. 8 10 4 4.5cm 9 11
56 5 5.10: 20082011 25000 1. 2. 2 2 3.
5.3 57 50 14 WHO 1 0.3mg 2.8mg 5 mg 100m 4. a 1 b c 10 1 400 40 50 5 d
58 5 e 10 30 5.4 5.4.1 1998 2 2 1998 14 2012 2012 14 1998 2012 5.8 2 19 4 15 14 5.914 13 2
5.4 59 6 2 15 2 2006 1998 13 2 T-6 T-13 1998 2 T-17 2008 2008 T-19 U 2007 U U U 14 1998 638 14 322 13 2 11 2 563 52 91% 2 19 6 410 14 1696% 14 3 2009 2011 100 2012 5.8: 1998 VS 2012 1998 2012 No T-1 M-O 21 6 T-2 M 80 24 T-3 T 21 0 T-4 S 58 NT 1 T-5 A 43 NT 2 NT T-6 N 10 NT T-7 K 124 NT 0 T-8 Y 161 NT 3 T-9 C 14 NT 10 T-10 R 57 142 T-11 M 18 128 T-12 T 14 6 T-13 TAF 17 T-14 H 1999 14 T-15 M-F 2000 38 0 T-16 2000 T-17 T 2000 2008 T-18 O 2005 2 2 T-19 Ho 2006 8 2007 1 2 638 322 T-113 NT 19 2011
60 5 5.9: 14 1998 2012 11 3 1 13 2 3 3 2 13 6 4 15 1998 T-113 7 3 3 7 2 2 1998 T-113 638 322 50 T-10,11 563 52 91 NT 19 T-49 410 16 96 2011 2010 2011 3 1000 (1) (2) (3) 3 3 T-13 IB 3 4 2 3
5.4 61 T-10 T-11 2 [49] p.41 42 1. 30mm 3 4 4 5 : : 40 x 30 x 10cm : 2 3cm 24 : : 1 : 1 2 2 3 : 1 :
62 5 : 30 30mm 4 5 2. 2.3% 438 25,352 574 1 58 1 1 0.2 10.7% 5.5% 40 90% 1000 1%10 1000 25 30 15mm 10mm 0.2 15mm 30mm 0.05 15mm 30mm 3 4 1 4 5 4 5 [49] 2 3 5 3 5 [49] 40 3 5 6 10 240 400 3 5 720 2000 4 300 4 1200 1 80 6 1
5.4 63 5.4.2 1978 [20] 30 37 [17] 20 U 5.8: 5 3 1 2007 *1 * 1 2012
64 5 5.5 5.5.1 1998 3 1991 19 4 1. 1998 1960 () 2. 1998 Procyon lotor 4060cm 2002 2005
5.5 ( 65 2008 2012 1990 2008 5000 282 [59] 2009 30% 3. 2000 100