B 2004 11 24 29
B(C44 0803) (02AA251) 2004 11 26 11 29 2004 11 24 11 29 3 1 M2 M2 B4B4 M2M2 M2M1 M1B4 11/2427 () 11/2426 869-0562 4205-3 / Tel: 0964-42-3111 / Fax: 0964-42-3200 3990 840 530 1200 0.01 km 2 5 km 2 11 24 11:50 11 25 11 26 16:30JR 11 27 6 11 28 6 15:00 11 29 1
50 JRJR 15 16:0016:12 ph A 301; Tel/Fax: 029-853-2568; Cellular phone: 090-8077-5036; E-mail: mktsuji@atm.geo.tsukuba.ac.jp 2
I. 1. 21 20 3 3 4 40 2003 2000 mm/y mm/day 2. 2-1. 199119701980 1. 2 H 2. Tanaka et al., 1988 Sklash et al., 1986 Tanaka et al., 19881996Anderson and Burt, 1990 3
1996 Sklash et al. (1986) 1 Maimai 2 H 7590 % 3. SO 2-4 Ca 2+ 1996 Mulholland, 1993 2 199019931987 4. Tsujimura, et al., 2001 Tennessee Ca 2+ SO 2-4 60 % 40 % Tsujimura et al. (2001) 4 2-2. Mulholland (1993) USA 5. Mulholland, 1993 4
2-3. 2001 Mulholland (1993) 5 1 time lag 2001 Tsujimura et al. (2001) 1 m 2-4 2001 6 6. 2001 3. 2000 US-Japan Joint Seminar on the Hydrology and Biogeochemistry of Forested Catchments organized by J.J. McDonnell and T. TanakaOnda etl al. (2001) Tsujimura et al. (2001) 5
2002 (A) 4 km 400 m 0.110 m 20200 m 6
II. 1. 2004 477.6 m 2004 1. 2004 7
2. 3. 2004 123 2004 400m 386 m 359 m 321 m 2 2004 8
194 m 4.5 km 2 4 km 19792000 16.7 C 1840 mm 2. 0.01 km 2 5 km 2 400 m 0 m 10 cm 200 m 4. 3 4 9
2-1. S-12 0.01 km 2 320370 m 5 5. 2004 6. 7. 510 m 1 m 5 90 V TrutrackWT-HR500 6No. 9No. 6 No. 1No. 0 4 IRROMETER CIR-RSU 8. 2004 10
78ISCO 1 No. 6 2565120 m 515 VanEssennDIVER 2565 m 910Davis #7852M 5 9. 2004 Screen 25m 60m 11 11 10 10. 2004 mm 2-2. S-2 0.017 km 2 12 6 12 2050100200 m 11. () 16 (2004) 2-3. S-18 0.01 km 2 136 V 11
12. 13. 2-4. S-15 14 14. 12
15. 13
16. 14
III. 1. 3 1 2003 9 28 2004 9 27 1 1556 mm/y137 mm/y 8.8 %2431 mm/y 156 %1120 mm/y 72%2004 Hewlett and Hibbert (1967) 22004 30 mm 1 2 2 1. 3 2004 2. Quick flow ratio 2004 Quick flow 3200420048 65 mm 2 1 NO - 3 Ca 2+ Mg 2+ K + 2 NO - 3 1 11 15
101 mm Na 2+ Ca 2+ Mg 2+ NO - 3 42004 1 2 Discharge (L/s) 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 1 2 3 4 Rainfall (mm/5min Discharge (L/s) 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 2 4 6 8 Rainfall (mm/5min 0.0 5 0 10 Concentration (meq/l) 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 40 30 20 10 0 SiO2 Concentration (mg/l) Na K Ca Mg SiO2 Concentration (meq/l) 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 Na K Ca Mg SiO2 40 30 20 10 0 SiO2 Concentration (mg/l) Concentration (meq/l) 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 Cl SO4 HCO3 NO3 Concentration (meq/l) 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 Cl SO4 NO3 HCO3 1.2 0.8 0.4 HCO3- Concentration (meq/l) 0.0 12:00 Aug7 0:00 Aug8 12:00 Aug8 0:00 Aug9 12:00 Aug9 0:00 Aug10 Date 0.0 0 0:00 Nov5 12:00 Nov5 0:00 Nov6 12:00 Nov6 0:00 Nov7 12:00 Nov7 Date 3. 2004 2. 567 2004 Ca 2+ HCO - 3 Ca 2+ HCO - 3 4. SiO 2 NO - 3 2004 16
5. 2004 6. SiO2 2004 17
7. 2004 100 m 150 m 100 m 150 m 3. 8 2004 100150 m 9 2004 3 18
8. 2004 2 9. 2004 150 m 10. 2004 10 2004 2001 10 19
4. 19911991 25 m60 m11 200460 m25 m 60 m2004830 9725 m 128/309/7 29/7 Air flowl/min 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 25m 0 5 10 15 Rainfa ll mm/5min -0.1 20 11-May 1-Jul 21-Aug Date(2004 FigAirFlow25m Well-Rainfall 60m 11. 2004 20
Air flowl/min 0.6 1020 0.4 1000 980 960 0.2 Air 940 Pressure 920 0 900 21-Aug 26-Aug 31-Aug 5-Sep 10-Sep Date Fig Air flow 25m wellatmosphere Pressure Pressure hpa Pressure head(cmh 2 O) Specific Discharge (L/s/km 2 ) 200 0-200 -400-600 21-Aug 26-Aug 31-Aug 5-Sep 10-Sep Fig Pressure headmamushi Date(2004) 50 40 30 20 Spring 54.8 mm 47.2mm 10 0 21-Aug 26-Aug 31-Aug 5-Sep 10-Sep Fig. Hidrographs for the Mamushi spring Date 0 5 10 15 20 Rainfall(mm/20min) 60cm 300cm Rain 12. 2004 21
IV. 2002 3 1 1 1 1 cross cutting initiative B 5 6 1 22
1 2 2004 12 1 2001 52p 2004 2004 8-11 2004 199072, 201-207 1991 64(A), 549-568 2001 31, 17-18 (1996)267p 2001 31, 49-58 (1991) 171 2004 1987 69, 258-269 2004SP 23
2004 12-15 200131, 37-47 3 2003 3 271p 2004 61p 1993 23, 3-18 1996 79-87 2004 2004 2-3 2004Inter-University Hydrology Seminar 2004 2004 2004 1991 64(A), 145-166 200333, 113-114 Anderson, M.G. and Burt, T.P. (1990): Process Studies in Hillslope Hydrology. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, 539p. Hewlett J. D. and Hibbert A. R. (1967): Factors affecting the response of small watersheds to precipitation in humid areas. In Sopper, W. E. and Lull, H. W., (eds.), International Symposium on Forest Hydrology, Pergamon, Oxford, 275-290. Mulholland, P. J. (1993): Hydrometric and stream chemistry evidence of three storm flowpaths in Walker Branch Watershed. Journal of Hydrology, 151, 291-316. Onda, Y., Komatsu, Y., Tsujimura, M., and Fujihara, J. (2001): The role of subsurface runoff through bedrock on storm flow generation. Hydrological Processes, 15, 1693-1706. Sklash, M. G., Stewrt, M. K. and Pearce, A. J. (1986): Storm runoff generation in humid headwater catchments 2: A case study of hillslope and low-order stream response. Water Resources Research, 22, 1273-1282. Tanaka, T., Yasuhara, M., Sakai, H. and Marui, A. (1988): The Hachioji Experimental Basin Study Storm runoff processes and the mechanism of its generation. Journal of Hydrology, 102, 139-164. Tsujimura, M., Onda, Y. and Ito, J. (2001): Stream water chemistry in a steep headwater basin with high relief. Hydrological Processes, 15, 1847 1858. 24