4 3 18 F FDG PET 4 PET 2018/10/31 1 3 2 3 2.1 PET(PET/CT)........................................... 3 2.2 ( )............................... 3 2.3.............................................. 3 3 3 3.1 3D...................................... 5 3.1.1................................. 5 3.1.2......................................... 6 3.1.3......................................... 6 3.1.4 ( X CT )............... 6 3.1.5......................................... 6 3.1.6...................................... 7 3.2.......................................... 7 3.2.1................................. 7 3.2.2......................................... 7 3.2.3......................................... 7 3.2.4 ( X CT )............... 8 3.2.5......................................... 8 3.2.6...................................... 8 4 8 4.1.................................................... 8 4.2 PET............................................... 8 5 9 5.1 DICOM header......................................... 9 5.2 PET............................................. 9 5.2.1 3D............................ 9 5.2.2 3D PET............... 10 5.2.3 %contrast............................................. 10 5.2.4................................. 11 5.2.5 PET ROI...................... 11 5.2.6........................................... 11 5.2.7 (Coefficient of Variation: CV)............................ 12 c 1 / 19 petcamera@jsnm.org
6 13 6.1................................................ 14 6.2............................................... 14 7 15 7.1................................................ 15 7.1.1.............................................. 15 7.1.2.............................................. 15 7.1.3................................................ 15 7.2 ( )............................... 15 7.2.1........................................... 15 7.2.2........................................... 15 7.2.3.................................... 15 7.3........................................ 15 A. 17 B. 18 1 3D.................................... 4 2 3D PET................................ 4 3......................................... 4 4 3D.......... 5 5 3D.................................... 6 6......................................... 8 7 3D PET.............. 10 8 3......... 11 9 ROI ( : : )..... 12 10 PET ROI.............. 13 11 3 ROI......................... 13 12 PET ROI............. 13 13 uroi mean................................. 14 1 3D.................................... 4 2......................................... 4 3........................................... 9 4...................... 17 5 3D ( 20 MBq)................................................... 17 c 2 / 19 petcamera@jsnm.org
1. ( ) 18 F FDG PET DICOM (1) PET DICOM header PET DICOM header DICOM header (2) PET PET(PET/CT) PET ( ) ( % ) 2. 2.1. PET(PET/CT) PET(PET/CT) 2.2. ( ) ( ) 2.3. PET 3D (Fig. 1) [1] (Fig. 3) 2 Table 1, Table 2 3D 4 (Table 1, Fig. 2) 3. PET 3D 20 MBq 30 ( 3.1.5) 3D 90 30 20 MBq 30 c 3 / 19 petcamera@jsnm.org
Table 1: 3D = 170 mm* = 205 mm* 23 143 mm 1200 ml *... Figure 2: 3D Figure 1: 3D PET Table 2: = 320 mm = 170 mm = 300 mm = 160 mm 6,032 ml* *... 6,032 ml Figure 3: c 4 / 19 petcamera@jsnm.org
( 3.2.5) 30 30 3D 3D 2 3D (Fig. 4) 3D 3D 90 3 (Fig. 4) ( 3.1.5, 3.2.5) ( 3.1.1, 3.2.1) Figure 4: 3D 3.1. 3D 3D 18 F FDG PET 3.1.1. 18 F-FDG 3D (A H ) Eqn. 1 ( ) Tm A H = 20 exp 109.8 ln(2) [MBq] (1) ln(2) e 2 T m [min] (T m ) 90 3D c 5 / 19 petcamera@jsnm.org
(A H ) Eqn. 2 ( ) 90 A H = 20 exp 109.8 ln(2) = 35.3 [MBq] (2) 20 MBq 3D 3.1.2. 3D 3D 3D [2] 18 F ( 35.3 MBq) PET [2] 3.1.3. 3D PET(PET/CT) 3D 3D PET(PET/CT) (Fig. 5) X CT CT Figure 5: 3D 3.1.4. ( X CT ) PET X CT PET/CT X CT 3.1.5. 3D 20 MBq ±5% 30 3 PET PET c 6 / 19 petcamera@jsnm.org
( 4.1) (Table 5) PET 3.1.6. PET ( 6) ( ) iterative update( ) 60 80 [3 5] (2mm ) [6, 7] 3.2. PET 3.2.1. 18 F-FDG (A C ) Eqn. 3 ( ) Tn A C = 20 exp 109.8 ln(2) [MBq] (3) ln(2) e 2 T n [min] (T n ) 30 (A C ) Eqn. 4 ( ) 30 A C = 20 exp 109.8 ln(2) = 24.2 [MBq] (4) 20 MBq 3.2.2. 18 F ( 24.2 MBq) ( ) 3.2.3. PET(PET/CT) PET(PET/CT) (Fig. 6) X CT CT c 7 / 19 petcamera@jsnm.org
Figure 6: 3.2.4. ( X CT ) PET X CT PET/CT X CT 3.2.5. 20 MBq ±5% 30 3 PET PET ( 4.1) (Table 5) PET 3.2.6. 3D ( 3.1.6) 4. 4.1. PET (PET/CT X CT ) PET [Bq/mL] [Bq/cc] PET 3D ( 3.1.5) ( 3.2.5) PET 18 F FDG PET (Table 5) 4.2. PET c 8 / 19 petcamera@jsnm.org
3D ( 3.1.5) ( 3.2.5) PET(PET/CT) Table 3 Table 3: i HBP01 Brain CYL01 Brain ii ID JSNM20170624H JSNM20170624C ( + + ) iii BrainShisetsuNinsyo iv 160.5 cm 160 cm* v 60.5 kg 60 kg* vi fluorodeoxyglucose vii 6588 sec 109.8 min viii 0.967 (Branching Fraction) ix ( ) x ( ) xi (PET ) xii Brain Hoffman Brain Pool xiii ( ) xiv (pixel size) xv ( )... HBP01 CYL01... PET *... 5. DICOM 1) 5.1. DICOM header DICOM header header 5.2. PET 18 F FDG PET PET ( 3.1.5 3.2.5) ( ) ( ) ( 4.1) 5.2.1. 3D 3D PET 1) DICOM PACS c 9 / 19 petcamera@jsnm.org
2) 3 3 3D PET (1) (PET ) (2) 3D PET (3) (4) PET Invert Gray scale (5) = = 10% (Fig. 7) 3) (6) 3D PET (Fig. 7) 3 (Fig. 8) (7) (FWHM) 5.2.2. 3D PET %contrast 3D PET (ROI) 4) 3D PET ROI (1) 3D PET (2) 3D PET 4 1 ROI(Fig. 9) [8] ROI (3) ROI ROI Figure 7: 3D PET 5.2.3. %contrast 3D PET ( 5.2) %contrast Eqn. 5 %contrast = GM P /WM P 1 GM d /WM d 1 100[%] (5) GM P WM P PET ROI GM d ROI WM d ROI 2) 3) SEAD J J ADNI FDG-PET 4) J ADNI PET QC ROI (Fig. 9) ROI c 10 / 19 petcamera@jsnm.org
Figure 8: 3 5.2.4. PET 5.2.5. PET ROI ( 5.2.6) ( 5.2.7) PET ROI PET Fig. 10 500 mm 2 ROI( 13 mm ROI 17 ROI 1 4 15 mm 12 ROI 40mm +40mm (Fig. 11) Fig. 12 120 cm 2 ROI( 65 mm ROI) 5.2.6. PET ROI( 5.2.5) (uroi mean ) Eqn. 6 uroi mean (uroi T OT ) c 11 / 19 petcamera@jsnm.org
Figure 9: ROI ( : : ) uroi T OT = n i=1 uroi mean,i (6) n uroi mean,i ROI n ROI 51 5) ROI uroi mean ROI uroi T OT (Fig. 13) uroi T OT ( uroi mean ) Eqn. 7 uroi mean = ( ) uroimean 1 uroi T OT (7) (SD uroi ) Eqn. 8 5.2.7. (Coefficient of Variation: CV) SD uroi = 1 n ( uroi mean,i ) n 1 2 (8) PET ROI( 5.2.5) Eqn. 9 (CV) 5) (1+4+12) 3 = 51 i=1 c 12 / 19 petcamera@jsnm.org
CV = SD n nroi mean 100% (9) SD n ROI(nROI) nroi mean nroi Figure 10: PET ROI (a) -40 mm (b) 0 mm (c) +40 mm Figure 11: 3 ROI Figure 12: PET ROI 6. J ADNI [10] c 13 / 19 petcamera@jsnm.org
6.1. 3D PET ( 5.2) 8 mm PET PET ( 5.2) 6.2. J ADNI [6,10] (1) PET (%contrast) 3D PET ( 5.2) %contrast 55% (2) ( uroi mean ) PET ( 5.2) ROI ( uroi mean ) (SD uroi ) 0.0249 SD uroi 0.0249 uroi mean ±5% ROI (Fig. 13) (3) (CV) PET ( 5.2) 15 % Figure 13: uroi mean c 14 / 19 petcamera@jsnm.org
7. 7.1. 7.1.1. ( ) 7.1.2. 7.1.3. 1 18 F 0.6% 11 C 3.5% 1% 7.2. ( ) 7.2.1. 60 7.2.2. 7.2.3. 1/3 1/4 7.3. PET ( 6) c 15 / 19 petcamera@jsnm.org
[1] Hoffman EJ, Culer PD, Digby WM, et al: 3 D phantom to simulate cerebral blood flow and metabolic images for PET. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 1990; 37(2): 616 620. 2.3 [2] : PET.,,,,,,,.,, 2016: 78 84. 3.1.2, 3.1.2 [3] Jaskowiak CJ, Bianco JA, Perlman SB, et al: Influence of reconstruction iterations on 18 F FDG PET/CT standardized uptake values. J Nucl Med. 2005; 46(3): 424 428. 3.1.6 [4] Panin VY, Kehren F, Michel C, et al: Fully 3-D PET reconstruction with system matrix derived from point source measurements. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2006; 25(7): 907 921. 3.1.6 [5] Yokoi T, Shinohara H, Onishi H: Performance evaluation of OSEM reconstruction algorithm incorporating three-dimensional distance-dependent resolution compensation for brain SPECT: A simulation study. Ann Nucl Med. 2002; 16(1): 11 18. 3.1.6 [6] Ikari Y, Nishio T, Miya Y, et al: Head motion evaluation and correction for PET scans with 18 F FDG in the Japanese Alzheimer s disease neuroimaging initiative (J-ADNI) multi-center study. Ann Nucl Med. 2012; 26(7): 535 544. 3.1.6, 6.2 [7] Akamatsu G, Ikari Y, Nishio T, et al: Optimization of image reconstruction conditions with phantoms for brain FDG and amyloid PET imaging. Ann Nucl Med. 2016; 30(1): 18 28. 3.1.6 [8] Ikari Y, Akamatsu G, Nishio T, et al: Phantom criteria for qualification of brain FDG and amyloid PET across different cameras. EJNMMI Phys. 2016; 3: 23. 2 [9] Hays MT, Segall GM: A mathematical model for the distribution of fluorodeoxyglucose in humans. J Nucl Med. 1999; 40(8): 1358 1366. Table 4 [10] Iwatsubo T. Japanese Alzheimer s disease neuroimaging initiative: present status and future. Alzheimer s Dementia. 2010; 6(3): 297 299. 6, 6.2, Table 4 [11] Lin KJ, Hsu WC, Hsiao IT, et al: Whole-body biodistribution and brain PET imaging with [ 18 F]AV 45, a novel amyloid imaging agent a pilot study. Nucl Med Biol. 2010; 37(4): 497 508. Table 4 [12] Nelissen N, Van Laere K, Thurfjell L, et al: Phase 1 study of the Pittsburgh compound B derivative 18 F Flutemetamol in healthy volunteers and patients with probable Alzheimer s disease. J Nucl Med. 2009; 50(8): 1251 1259. Table 4 [13] Rowe CC, Ackerman U, Browne W, et al: Imaging of amyloid beta in Alzheimer s disease with 18 F BAY94 9172, a novel PET tracer: proof of mechanism. Lancet Neurol. 2008; 7(2): 129 135. Table 4 [14] Piramal Healthcare and SCETI. Information of 18 F-Florbetaben clinical trials. Table 4 [15] PET.. 2012; 68(6): 669 679. 7.3 c 16 / 19 petcamera@jsnm.org
A. PET PET 18 F FDG PET ( PET ) PET ( PET ) PET PET PET (Table 4) (Table 5) Table 4: 18 F FDG 185 MBq 30 30 20 MBq; [9] 11 C PiB 555 MBq 50 20 3 MBq; J ADNI [10] 18 F Florbetapir 370 MBq 50 20 12 MBq; [11] 18 F Flutemetamol 185 MBq 90 30 3 MBq; [12] 18 F Florbetaben 300 MBq 90 20 6 MBq; [13, 14] Table 5: 3D ( 20 MBq) 18 F FDG 0 1800 11 C PiB 0 135 18 F Florbetapir 0 710 18 F Flutemetamol 0 255 18 F Florbetaben 0 355 c 17 / 19 petcamera@jsnm.org
B. 2 3D PET J ADNI PET(PET/CT) 12 PET/CT 4 7% 5% PET/CT 3 [15] Fig.3 B, C, F PET/CT 18 F FDG PET c 18 / 19 petcamera@jsnm.org
ver 1-0 2013.8 2-1 2015.2 2 Florbetaben 3-1 2015.12 3 4-1 2017.7 4 4-2 2018.1 4 ROI 4-3 2018.10 4 c 19 / 19 petcamera@jsnm.org