1 1-1 Cervus nippon 50 130kg 25 80kg 90 190cm90 150cm 70 130cm60 110cm 1994 1 DNA 22002 38 0 5 6 9 10 1.5 1 1 2 3 2 34 4 10 1998 23 5 71 9 11230 2 1 3 4 2cm 1cm 1 9 1
12 16 1 2 1991 1991 2002 1-2 1 1 1978 1991 40 70 1 1 2
1,000 1993 37 2 32 4 1-3 1 2 3 10 1996 21 2 80 2 100 2 10 2 1996 21 3 3
1991 36 2002 3 1970 3,000 5,000ha 1 2 19801990 1 3 1995 10 ha50 2 5 ha 1 1 1 4 1 2 1 3 1-5 1-4
19941995 27 28 10 124 5 1993 20 1980 8 11 7 8 10 1993 1999 43 30 1996 11 2001 25 1992 41 2001 12 1 1 1 2 1 2 50 70 1993 15 2001 12 30 100cm 15 20cm 9 11 19931993 1994 15 40 41 2 4 2 2 1 3 1 4 70cm 150cm 3 6 5
6 7 3 1992 32 1996 19 1 5 6 1 5 1 6 1 3 1 4
2001 46 1 6 Wemmer et al. 1996 45 1997 22 2002b 17 3 2001 31 5 10 1 1 Takatsuki1989 35 1 1 199314 15 68 100 700 2001 12 1989 18 2001 11 6 2002 16 7
1 4 1 4 2,370 1996 1999 45.6 640 300m 1km 800m 70 2002a 16 4 3 5 1993 20 3 6 39 1996 9 22 2000 10 1993a 43 1 71.8m 3m 1.1m95% 1.7m 0.5ha 4 8
1993b 44 2001 12 1994 2 1/4 1 7 1998 1 8 2000 15cm 5cm 1 9 2001 12 1 10 1 11 20 50 1 8 1 9 1 10 9
2001 12 1 12 8 10 2001 12 1 13 1 11 1cm 2.6mm 0.5 1m 10 15cm 1993 15 1m 7 8 2 3m3 4 2 3 1 13 1 2 490 400 535 640 1 12 (2010 12 ) 10
5 1 2 2001 12 2001 12 1 1970 1980 1990 1994 6 1996 50 1 5 1997 2002 5 ://... / / / /. 2 1 3 1% 1950 1970 2 4 19761 1996 1998452000 362001 31 1 6 1 3 1980 11 1 5 1-6
1990 1 6 1995 1996 1 7 3 1 1970 12 5 1993100 1 7 1 4 1 6 1 3
1995 20012,500km 1 4 50% 40%1995 20017 214 1 4 1999 4 3 13 2001 2.5km GIS 1992 1.6m 1.5m 2m 6 15 35cm 100m 10 2
1-7 1 5 14
1 % 100 19968 200012 77 1 5 150% 13 90 190kg/10a 2 50 8 44 153kg 1998102 6311 155 1999112 2 2m 10 1 1 1 1 1 8 19971999 1,000 /ha 6 15 1 8
1 9 1998 1 10 1999 1 2 1,000 /ha 1 11 19981 12 1999 19972000 4 1,000 /ha 50 1 9 1 1998 1 11 1 12 1998 1999 3 GIS GIS 1 13 1998 1998 GISArcView3.2 GIS 1 6 1 10 1 1999 16
10 1 88 1 200ha 12 2 1m 2 9 1 6 5 1 10mm 55 150mm 1 13 1 14 800m 17
40 200ha 800m 800m 12 1 13 8 1 14 800m 1 15 800m 150mm 405 1 / 1 GIS 1 1999 3 3 5 18 1 15 1-8
2 1 9 13 0 km 2 1 5 km 2 3 km 2 IUCN 1,000 19
2 1 1 1-9 1 1995 4 10km 2 2 1998 29 2 N1 h Nh 1 fn f N 12 11 10 1981 34 2001 11 2000 13 1 16 FUNRYU 2000 13 1 km 2 4 101 3 7 9 1 1m 1110 1999 26 100 100m 10m 20
300 400m3 10m 2001 11 3 n1 4,047ha49 1992 1993 2 14 1,5004,600 n2m2 N N=n1n2 m2 n1 Jacobson1997 14 1 1 16 FUNRYU 21
1 1994. 195pp. 2 1994 II -. 51 1 31 43. 3 2002.154pp. 41995..164pp. 30pp. 5 2002.10pp. 6 1994. 39pp. 7 2001 92pp. 81980...154pp. 91996.137 13 18. 102000. 49 194 199. 112001. 3 1 83. 12 2001. 593 2 19. 13 2000.40 1 1 17. 14 Jacobson, H.J., J.C. Croll, R.W.Browning, B.H.Koerth. and M.H. Conway 1997 Infrared-triggered cameras for censusing white-tailed deer.wildl. Soc. Bull. 25 2 : 547 556. 151993. 1311 33 37. 162002a.55 162-165 172002b. 598 9 12. 181989 58 64 191996. 13pp. 201993. 327 14 15. 211996.3 171 181. 221997. 46 1 13-15. 231998. 174pp. 241998.145 1 6. 252001. 54 127 128. 26.1999...54pp. 271994. 46 63 64. 28 1995.47 91 92. 291998. 1994 1997 pp.19-27.. 301999. 47 52 55. 312001..95pp. 32 1993..29pp. 332002. 7 23 30. 34 1981. 31 435 440. 35 Takatsuki, S. 1989 Edge effects created by clearcutting on the habitat use of Sika deer at Mt. Goyo, northern Honshu, Japan. Ecol. Res., 5: 251 258. 361991. 79 1091 1099. 371993 119-144. 382002. 56 2 53 56. 391992 I. 45 111 112. 401993 - - 46 155 156. 411994 47 149 150. 421988V 39 132 135. 431993a. 1312 42 47. 441993b. 8 40. 45 Wemmer, C., T. H. Kunz, G. L. Jenkins and W. J.McShea 1996 Mammalian sign. In Measuring and monitoring 22
biological diversity. Standard methods for mammals eds. D. E. Wilson et al. pp. 157 176, Smithonian Institute Press, Washington. 462001 48 83 1 1993.29pp. 2 2002 154pp.. 31998 174pp.. 4 1996 No.3 188pp.. 51999 159pp.. 61997 1996,NGO.. 72003. 81992 262pp.. 91982 338pp.. 23
2 2-1 2 1 2 2 24
2-2 2 1 25
2-3 2 2 2 3 26
2-4 2-5 27
28
29
2-6 2 4 30
2 3 31
2 5 32
33
2-7 2 4 34
35
2-8 36
37
2 6 2 5 38
39
40
41
42
43 3 3-1 3 1 3 2 3-2
44 3 1 3 2 3 3
45 3 4 5
46 3 5 3 6
47 3 8 3 9 3 7
3 1 3-3 3 10 3 3 48
49 3 2
50 3 12 3 13 3 3 3 11
3 14 3 16 3 15 3 17 51
52 3 19 3 20 3 18 3-4
53 3 22 3 23 3-5 3 21
3 25 3 24 3 26 3 27 54
55 3 29 3 31 3 30 3 28
56
3 4 57
58
59 3-6
60
61
62 4 4-1 4-2 4-3
63