74 637233-2402009 J. Environ. Eng., AIJ, Vol. 74 No. 637, 233-240, Mar., 2009 Shuji MORIYAMA, Yuji HASEMI, Junko OGAWA, Tomonori SANO, Tadahisa JIN and Takahiro HEBIISHI In view of the rapid large scale development of underground in the central big cities, especially around terminal stations, evacuation experiments have been conducted with 79 subjects using an underground shopping mall near Tokyo Station actually in service after business hours. Four groups of 20 subjects started from different locations and time to escapefrom any of emergency exits was measured for each subject. 12 out of the 79 subjects wore elderly simulator to compare evacuation behavior of elderly and that of younger people. The evacuation behavior was also monitored by video cameras and escape route of each subject was reproduced afterwards. Five experiments were conducted using the lighting conditions and layout of emergency exits as parameters. The starting point was changed from experiment to experiment, not making any subject repeat similar selection of escape route. The shopping mall is composed of grid of passages, and is installed with escape route sign lights on every passage according to Fire Service Law. In every experiment, it was observed that considerable portion of subjects did not select right passage toward nearest exit at intersection nor passed over right exits. These are not compliant with widely accepted assumption for deterministic modeling of evacuation in mall-like facility. Factors dictating the probability to select right passage at intersections and that to recognize emergency exit are analyzed from the experimental data. Keywords : Underground shopping mall, Evacuation, Emergency sign 196070 1980 Graduate School, Waseda University Prof., Waseda University, Dr. Eng. Taisei Corporation Assoc. Prof., Waseda University, Ph. D. Visiting Researcher, RISE, Waseda University, Dr. Eng. Graduate School, Waseda University 233
2006211122 22 8079 ab 20 17 ab 234
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図３ 各出発点からの避難先と人数 236 (4) ⑷ 実験Ⅱb (4) (3) ⑶ 実験Ⅲa (3) () 実験Ⅱa ()⑵ (1) ⑴ 実験Ⅰa (1) ⑸ 実験Ⅲb (5) (5) 図４ 避難時間の測定値ヒストグラムと予測値の比較
aa a aa a aa aaa 14b b b b b 132818 a b 1.40m/s1.55m/s1.24m/s 0.86m/s0.88m/s a C D 35 E C 15m D 35m 10a a a 100% 13 0 100% 13 65% 20 100% 22 0 100% 22 0 0 0 Ia 100% 8 0 100% 8 30% 20 71% 7 100% 6 85% 13 86% 7 0 86% 7 IIIa 95% 22 0% 1 91% 23 95% 22 92% 12 100% 3 93% 15 33% 3 0 33% 3 IIb 80% 15 45% 11 65% 26 0 71% 7 64% 25 66% 32 18% 17 95% 19 58% 36 IIIb 79% 28 39% 18 63% 46 0 0% 2 26% 23 24% 25 79% 14 100% 2 81% 16 88% 40% 65% 54% 51% 95% 86 30 76% 116 62 86% 50 57 69% 107 41 21 66% 62 0% 3 0 100% 12 0 75% 8 18% 11 33% 6 50% 22 Ia 100% 4 0 88% 8 100% 2 100% 6 94% 18 17% 6 86% 21 IIIa 0 0 100% 6 50% 2 100% 8 100% 12 0% 9 55% 20 IIb 76% 25 100% 5 0 100% 1 0% 4 90% 10 53% 19 0 IIIb 67% 3 100% 6 0 20% 10 0 100% 18 64% 28 0 71% 35 100% 11 96% 26 40% 15 77% 26 84% 69 46% 68 63% 63,a 237
238 ⑵ b 出発点３の被験者の主な軌跡 ⑶ b 出発点５の被験者の主な軌跡 ⑴ b 出発点１の被験者の主な軌跡 ⑴ a 出発点１の被験者の主な軌跡 ⑵ a 出発点２の被験者の主な軌跡 ⑶ a 出発点４の被験者の主な軌跡 ⑷ a 出発点６の被験者の主な軌跡 図５ a 各出発点の被験者の主な軌跡 ⑷ b 出発点６の被験者の主な軌跡 図６ b 各出発点の被験者の主な軌跡
a 90 b 65 b C a C 15m b C 30m D 40m b CD a D 70 D 76653431 12 100 10128463 7140 1084 1263114611 aaa 7967 a 10aa a aa 100 a 60 a a b b b 69 22 a b a 11 239
aa bb ab a 80 T T 5 6 7 VR 8 9 11 1112 1) 1pp.58-62 2005.6 2) 2 pp.731-7341986.9 3) 3 10 pp.1-102005.1 4) 4 10 pp.11-202005.1 5) 5 pp.211-2141990.9 6) 6 pp.195-2012002.1 7) 7 pp.309-3102006.9 8) 8 339 pp.84-891984.5 9) 9 13pp.23-322008.1 10) 10 pp.1327-13281992.9 11 11 pp.163-1702006.1 12 12 pp.147-1522007.1 13 pp.581-5841974.9 14 No. 581 pp.9-142004.7 15pp.134-1351995 2008 200812 240