() (H) () ( P) () (H)() 1 1,000kg 1 1m 1,000/100x100 0.1kgf/ (H)m=(P)1kgf/ (0.098 (H)m 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (P)kgf/ 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 (P) 0.0098 0.0196 0.0294 0.0392 0.0490 0.0588 0.0686 0.0784 0.0882 0.0980 2 () Q= A V Q Q V= A= A V A A= d 2 d 4-69 -
Q Q= d 2 V V= 4 d 2 4 2 P + H + = 2g W V 2 V m/s g 9.8m/s H () P kgf/s, W Kg/ H= V=2 2 () 3 V 2 (h) ()(L) ()(f) ()(V) 2 ()(d) ()(P) L V 2 h= f d 2-70 -
4 50 () (75 ) 0.017390.1087 h 0.0126 d 2 P=2.5kgf/ V= d=25 L=50m Q=0.785 /s H=2.5m g=9.8m/s () Q=0.785 /s1,000=0.000785 /s A=(3.140.0 2 5 2 )4=0.000491 V=0.0007850.000491 1.6m/s 0.017390.10870.025 50 1. 6 h 0.0126 + 1.6 0.025 29.8 = 0.024220000.1306 = 6.32104 = 6.32 6.32+2.5 = 8.82m = 0.882Kgf/ =...Kgf/ (0.245 0.086 = 0.159MPa) (0.086MPa) - 71 -
( ) ( 1) (50 ) (%) TW ) 3 72 TW - 72 -
( ) ( ) () 10 13 16 20 25 30 40 50 (m) 3.0 4.0 8.0 8.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 (m) 1.0 1.5 1.5 2.0 3.0 () (m) 4.0 4.0 6.0 10.0 10.0 (m) 3.0 3.0 5.0 8.0 8.0 (m) 0.51.0 0.51.0 0.51.0 0.51.0 0.51.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 () (m) 3.04.0 5.07.0 8.011.0 12.015.0 19.024.0 20.026.0 25.035.0 () (m) 0.5 0.51.0 0.51.0 0.51.0 0.51.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ()() - 73 -
) 15 20 25 32 40 50 65 75 100 125 150 200* 250* 90 0.6 0.75 0.9 1.2 1.5 2.1 2.4 3.0 4.2 5.1 6.0 6.5 8.0 45 0.36 0.45 0.54 0.72 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.4 3.0 3.6 3.7 4.2 (m) 90 () 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 3.0 3.6 4.5 6.3 7.5 9.0 14.0 20.0 90 () 0.18 0.24 0.27 0.36 0.45 0.6 0.75 0.90 1.20 1.50 1.80 4.0 5.0 0.12 0.15 0.18 0.24 0.3 0.39 0.48 0.63 0.81 0.99 1.20 1.40 1.70 4.5 6.0 7.5 10.5 13.5 16.5 19.5 24.0 37.5 42.0 49.5 70.0 90.0 2.4 3.6 4.5 5.4 6.6 8.4 10.2 12.0 16.5 21.0 24.0 33.0 43.0 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.5 3.1 4.0 4.6 5.7 7.6 10.0 12.0 15.0 19.0. ()= (%) L H= L= ()(H) (m) ( /). 6 ' - 74 -
( /min) () 12 40 13 20 12 40 13 20 8 15 13 () 20 40 13 20 () 30 60 20 25 8 15 13 () 12 20 13 () 15 30 13 () 12 20 13 () 70 130 25 5 10 13 () 130 260 40 50 15 40 15 20 35 65 20 25 1 (46 ) 2.03.0 1 (812 ) 13,516,5 ) ( ) 10 13 20 25 10 17 40 65 ( ) 13 410 1120 2130 3140 4160 6180 81100 % 100% 90% 80% 70% 65% 60% 55% 50% - 75 -
( ) 13 13 10 20 11 15 20 16 20 25 21 30 30 ( ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 20 30 1 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.5 4.0 5.0 5/2 13 20 25 30 40 50 75 100 13 20 25 30 40 50 75 100 2.89 5.10 8.20 15.59 29.00 79.97 164.50 1.74 2.75 5.65 9.80 27.23 55.90 1.57 3.23 5.65 15.59 32.00 2.05 3.58 9.83 20.28 1.75 4.80 7.89 2.75 5.65 2.05-76 -
13 20 25 30 40 50 75 100 13 20 25 30 40 50 75 100 2.89 5.10 8.20 15.59 29.00 79.97 164.50 1.74 2.75 5.65 9.80 27.23 55.90 1.57 3.23 5.65 15.59 32.00 2.05 3.58 9.83 20.28 1.75 4.80 7.89 2.75 5.65 2.05 30mm 13mm 8.2-77 -
- 78 -
6 3 (. ) () 20m OA 0.5kgf - 79 -
0.13 /S 8 0.2 /S 12 " 0.2 /S 12 0.2 /S 12 () 0.33 /S 20 0.2 /S 12 3m 3 2 5 8 1 1 /S A 0.13 13 A 0.2 13 B 0.33 20 B 0.2 13 0.33 20 AB 0.2 13 D 0.53 20 CB D 0.33 20 D 0.53 20 DC E 0.2 13 EO 0.53 20 ED - 80 -
1000 ( 2) 5,0m /s (L) (%) 1,000 (m) (L) 1,000 () (H)+(m) - 81 -
14.8m+ 5.0m=19.8m(0.194MPa/ ) 0 19.8m 20m(0.196MPa/ ) - 82 -
. 50% -- -- (--) 300400 / 10 1 0.16 / 300400 / 15 1 0.16 / 300400 / 10 1 120150 / 9 0.2 / 0.2 / 50 / 100 / 60-100 / 0.3 / 0.2 / 50 / +1 0.1 / 100 / 1,500 3,500 / 3060 / 16 1 5006,000 / 12 350450 / 12 () - 83 -
500800 / 10 20-25 / 10 50130 / 55-130 / 10 110530 /. 25-50 / 10 80140 / 2030 / 10 1530 / 10 1 70100 / 9 (+)1 24 / 9 1 (40100 /) 2540 / 14 1 0.20.3 / 10 1,000 16 1,000 3 1,000 16 10 2 1 25 6 1 0.4 / 1) 1 2) () ' () ( /day) (h) 500800 10 1.5 / 1015 4 0.3 / " 120150 8 200300 10 6080 6 0.240.14 / " 100120 6 0,1 / " 120150 8 250400 10 0.17 / 120150 10 "' 3050 4.0.1 / - 84 -
3050 10 0.3 / " 3050 10 120150 8 510 8 2030 4 (1 ) ( ) : 1 1 4050 6075 44%46% 2035 375525 45%46% 2030 3045 53%55% 3050 4575 45%48%, 2030 3045 55%57% 2025 30375 55%57% () 1.5 () ( ) 0.20.3 0.20.5 0,1-0.2 3 ( ) 1 1.5 13 13 15 20 16 13-85 -
( 4) 1 ( ) 1 15 7.5 7.5/15 1 10 5 5/10 1 10 5 5/10 1 9 4.59 1 4 9 7.5 300 36 5.4 15 00 5 250 12.5 10 1000 5 20 10.0 10 100 4.5 120 6.0 9 1 1 300 / 1 1 250 () 1 20 () 1 1 120 ( ) 1 10 5 510 100 5 500 25.0 10 1 500 ( ) 1 4 2 24 200 2 15 1.8 4 1 15 ( ) 1 8 4 4/8 200 4 10 1.0 8 1 10 ( ) 9 4.5 4,5/9 1,000 4.5 70 35.0 9 1 60 ( ) 12 4 / 1 300 / - 86 -
1 12 4 =48 300 /=14,400 /14.4 / =1/21 1/214,4 /=7.2 ( 9 ) 1.5kgf/ H=153=12m 13 20 25 1.0m 1,0m 1,0m 1.0m 1,0m 1,0m 3,0m 4.9m 5.7m 0.12m 0.15m 0,18m 3.0m 8.0m 10-0m 8.0m 10-0m 8.12m 23.1m 27.9m - 87 -
1 1/2 5 (7.2 1,000 5 60 60 =0.4 /S ( 2TW ) 1,000 = (%) 13 H L () (%) (L)=(20m+8.12m)1.1=30.9m 12 1,000 = 388 (%) 30.9 ()1,1 2 Q=0.23 /S = 0.00023 /s 3.140.013 2. A = d 2 = = 0.000133 4 4 0.00023 /s V = = 1.7m/ 0.000133 = 7.2 (0.00023 /s 3.600s 8.7H = 8 42 5H < 8.7H 13 20 (L) = (20m + 23.1m)1.1= 47.4m 12 47.4 1,000 = 253 (%) - 88 -
2 Q = 0.59 /S = 0.00059 /s 3.140.0 2 2 A = d 2 = = 0.000314 4 4 0.00059 /s V = = 1.88m/ 0.000314 = 7.2 (0.00059 /s 3,600s) 3.4 H = 3 24 5H < 3.4H 20 25 (L) = (20m + 27.9m)1.1= 52.7m 12 52.7 1,000 = 228 (%) 2 Q = 1.04 /S = 0.00104 /s 3.140.02 5 A = d 2 = = 0.000491 4 4 0.00104 /s V = = 2.12m/ 0.000491 = 7.2 (0.00104 /s 3,600s) 1.9 H = 1 54 5H < 1.9H - 89 -
(DIP) (VP) 1 mm 3 mm mm 75 70.0 73.0 16 16 100 95.0 98.0 20 20 150 146.0 149.0 25 25 200 197.0 200.0 30 31 250 248.6 251.6 40 40 300 295.8 297.8 50 51 (VP) (PP) mm mm 15 13.1 15 15.5 20 18.6 20 21.0 25 24.6 25 27.0 32 32.7 32 35.0 40 38.6 40 40.9 50 49.9 50 52.2 65 64.9 65 67.1 80 76.7 80 79.9 100 101.3 100 104.5 () (CP) mm mm 13 14.5 10 11.42 20 19.0 15 14.46 25 24.0 20 20.60 30 30.8 25 26.80 40 35.0 32 32.78 50 44.0 40 38.80 50 51.04 () mm 15 16.1 20 21.6 25 27.6 32 35.7 40 41.6 50 52.9 65 67.9 80 80.7 90 93.2 100 105.3-90 -
.. - 91 -