i TCP/IP NIC Intel 3com NIC TCP/IP 78 90 500 *1 20 IPv4 IPv6 IPv6 TCP/IP TCP/IP 79 80 *1 3
ii IPv4 IPv4 *2 *3 IPv6 5 IPv6 UDP UDP IP UDP IP TCP/IP IPv6 IPv4 TCP/IP IPv6 TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP IPv6 IPv4 TCP/IP TCP/IP IPv6 TCP/IP IPv6 TCP/IP NAT NAPT *2 IPv4 *3 IPv6 92 TCP/IP IT TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP IPv4 IPv6 TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP UDP TCP UDP UDP TCP TCP SMTP IPv6 iii
iv v NAT TCP/IP NAPT IPv4 ) 1 TCP/IP 1 1.1 IP........................ 1 1.2............ 2 1.3 TCP/IP.............. 6 1.4........................... 8 1.5..................... 9 1.6......................... 11 1.7 TCP/IP OSI........................ 14 2 ( 1) 19 2.1.................... 19 2.2....................... 21 2.3 SLIP.................................... 21 2.4 PPP.................................... 23 2.5............... 24 3 ( 2) 27 3.1............. 27 3.2................................ 28 3.3................ 32 3.4 MAC............... 37 3.5........................... 40 3.6............................ 43 3.7............................ 46 3.8................... 52 3.9............................ 55 3.10...................... 57 4 ( 1) 61 4.1............................... 61 4.2..................... 68 4.3....................... 69 4.4....................... 69 4.5.................... 70
vi vii 5 ( 2 75 5.1 IP................................. 75 5.2............. 84 5.3 IPv6...................... 88 5.4 IP....................... 90 5.5........................... 91 5.6 CIDR............................. 96 5.7 ICMP................................... 100 5.8 IP 102 5.9............................ 105 5.10....................... 105 6 ( 1) 109 6.1....................... 109 6.2.......................... 112 6.3................................. 115 7 ( 2) UDP 119 7.1 UDP.................................... 119 7.2 UDP......................... 120 12 NAPT 175 12.1 IP.............. 175 12.2 NAPT................................... 175 12.3 NAPT............................ 177 12.4 NAPT........................ 178 A TCP 181 A.1 ACK............................ 181 A.2 (MSS Maximum Segment Size)......... 181 A.3 Nagle........................... 182 A.4............................... 183 A.5........................... 184 A.6......................... 186 B 189 B.1....................... 189 193 197 8 ( 3) TCP 123 8.1................................. 123 8.2................................. 130 8.3....................... 133 8.4 TCP......................... 136 9 141 9.1...................... 141 9.2............................. 142 9.3..................... 144 9.4.................... 151 9.5................................ 154 10 159 10.1...................... 159 10.2................ 160 10.3............................. 162 10.4............................... 165 10.5............................... 165 10.6............................. 166 11 NAT 169 11.1.................. 169 11.2.......................... 169 11.3 NAT................................. 171 11.4 NAT................................. 172
ix 1.1.................... 6 1.2............................. 7 1.3................................. 11 1.4...................... 13 1.5 TCP/IP OSI.................... 15 2.1....................... 25 3.1 ALTO ALOHA......................... 31 3.2................................. 33 3.3............................... 36 3.4 MAC........................... 38 3.5........................... 40 3.6................................ 43 3.7............................ 45 3.8 STP............................... 48 3.9 10Base-T 100Base-TX................. 49 3.10............................... 50 3.11 Cat.5e Cat.6.......................... 51 3.12........................... 53 3.13................ 54 3.14 3Com EtherLink III PCI......................... 57 3.15 4B5B+MLT3................... 59 3.16......... 60 4.1......................... 63 4.2...................... 64 4.3................... 64 4.4 Tier1................... 66 4.5............................. 71 5.1 IPv4............................ 76 5.2 IPv6............................ 80 5.3........................... 82 5.4.......................... 83 5.5.......................... 84 5.6....................... 86 5.7.......................... 87
x xi 5.8......................... 87 5.9.......................... 88 5.10 IPv4................................ 92 5.11 IPv6................................ 93 5.12 IPv6.......................... 94 5.13 IPv6.......... 95 5.14.................................. 98 5.15............................... 98 5.16 ICMP............................ 100 5.17 ICMP........................ 101 5.18 ARP ARP.......................... 103 5.19 NDP MAC.................. 104 5.20......................... 108 10.5.................................. 164 10.6............................. 167 11.1................................. 171 11.2................................. 173 12.1 NAPT................................... 176 12.2.......................... 178 6.1................ 113 6.2 IPv4........ 116 6.3 IPv6..... 116 7.1 UDP......................... 121 7.2 UDP UDP.............. 121 8.1....................... 124 8.2......................... 125 8.3 3way Handshake.............................. 126 8.4............................. 128 8.5 TCP............................ 128 8.6 ACK......................... 129 8.7.................... 131 8.8 (1)......................... 132 8.9 (2)......................... 132 8.10 (3)......................... 132 8.11 (4)......................... 133 8.12 ACK................................. 134 8.13................................ 136 8.14 TCP............................. 137 8.15 TCP........................ 137 8.16 TCP................... 140 9.1 RRQ/WRQ........................... 149 9.2 DATA.............................. 149 9.3 ACK............................... 149 9.4 ERROR............................. 150 10.1............................... 160 10.2.......................... 161 10.3.................................. 162 10.4................................ 163
1 1 TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP IP LAN TCP/IP Alice Bob 1.1 IP RFC *1 1149 IP (IPoAC IP over Avian Carrier) * 2 IPoAC *3 IPoAC IPoAC 1990 4 1 RFC RFC 4 1 RFC IPoAC RFC IPoAC *1 Request for Comment *2 https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1149 *3 avian carrier
2 1 TCP/IP RFC1149 RFC () (Interplanetary Internet) 1.2 IPoAC 1.2.1 IPoAC Alice Bob Alice 3 1.2 3 TCP/IP 1.2.2 Alice Bob Bob Alice Alice Alice Alice Bob Bob Alice Alice Bob TCP 3way- Handshake Alice Bob IPoAC Alice Bob Alice Bob IPoAC Bob Alice Bob Bob Alice Alice Alice Bob TCP/IP TCP 1 3 2 Bob 1 Alice 2 2 Alice 2 2 2
4 1 TCP/IP 1.2 5 1.2.3 Alice Bob TCP/IP UDP 1.2.4 IPoAC 1.2.5 450-2 * 4 tu 450-2 IPv4 IPv6 *4 1.2.6 IPoAC IPoAC 1.2.7 IPoAC IPoAC 1.2.7 1.1 1.2 1.2.7 TCP/IP 1.2.8 (Protocol)
6 1 TCP/IP TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocols IP TCP IP TCP/IP TCP IP UDP IPoAC IPoAC IP IP over Avian Carriers 1.3 TCP/IP 1.3 TCP/IP 7 TCP/IP TCP IP?? TCP/IP 1.3.1 IPoAC 1.2 n n n 1 n + 1 1.3.2 1.1 TCP/IP 1.1 Two can and tin. 4 IPv4 6 IPv6 IPv4 IPv6 * 5 WAN *5
8 1 TCP/IP 1.5 9 TCP UDP TCP/IP 1.4 TCP/IP 1.4.1 () TCP/IP TCP/IP CPU 1.4.2 1.5 1.5.1 TCP/IP PPP ATM(Asynchronous Transfer Mode) 53byte WAN GPON(Gigabit Passive Optical Network) 1.5.2 IP IP 4 IP IP 6 2018 IPv4 IPv6
10 1 TCP/IP 1.6 11 IPv4 IPv6 IP IP 1.5.3 IP TCP UDP TCP TCP UDP UDP UDP IP UDP TCP UDP 1.5.4 TCP/IP TCP UDP SMTP HTTP TCP DNS SNMP UDP 1.3 TCP UDP TCP TCP UDP 1.6 1.6.1 TCP/IP
12 1 TCP/IP 1.6 13 1.6.2 1.6.3 1.4 IP VPN(Virtual Private Network) 1979
14 1 TCP/IP 1.7 TCP/IP OSI 15 TCP/IP DX 1.7 TCP/IP OSI OSI (Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model) *6 OSI TCP/IP IEEE TCP/IP OSI TCP/IP OSI TCP/IP OSI 1.7.3 L7 L6 L5 L4 L3 L2 L1 1.3 OSI htbp 1.5 TCP/IP OSI 1.7.1 OSI TCP/IP TCP/IP OSI TCP/IP OSI OSI OSI TCP/IP OSI TCP/IP OSI *6 OSI7 OSI TCP/IP OSI OSI TCP/IP OSI OSI OSI OSI
16 1 TCP/IP 1.7 TCP/IP OSI 17 OSI 3 TCP/IP OSI TCP/IP 1.7.2 OSI OSI OSI OSI TCP/IP OSI L( 2 L3 OSI HUB OSI L2 2 SW-HUB OSI 2 L1 1 PON L1 TCP/IP OSI 3 L3 L3 HUB 1.7.3 L4 L5 L7 L2 L3 L4 L4 L5 L7 L4 IP 4 IP L4 L5 L5 TCP/IP SSL/TLS L5 * 7 L5 SSL/TLS SSL SSL-VPN L5 L7 L7 7 Web HTTP L7 Web WAF(Web Application Firewall) L7 OSI L8 L9 L10 *8 OSI 8 10 3 OSI L8 L9 L10 L8 L9 L10 *7 SSL/TLS OSI L6 *8 Nobody expects the Spanish Inquisition!
18 1 TCP/IP L10 L9 L8 1.4 OSI L8 L8 L8