163 21 9 22 6 23 3 37 50 6
164 62 4 JEL C93 H44 R41 R48 21 9 23 22 6 23 3 11 23 6 2003 5 2
165 3 3 2003 2009 5 1999 11 1999 6 2003 2003 ETC ETC 1,000
166 62 4 ETC 1,000 3 2009 4 9 2 1,000 2008 9 1,000 5,000 2008 2 1,000 2011 6 12 1960 The New Jersey Income Maintenance Experiment 1971 the RAND s Health Insurance Experiment 1982 11 1990 2006
167 2009 8 2010 2009 12 19 2010 6,000 1,000 2009 12 25 2010 1 6 2010 2 2 2010 37 50 1,626 km 18 2010 6 15 2010 2 26 km 2011 2 9 2011 2
168 62 4 1. 1 2 2. 6 5 2011 2 16 2010 12 24 ETC 1,000 2,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 2011 3 11 2011 6 8 1. 2. 1 1,000 6 19 20 0 1,000 2011 1200 1000
169 2011 6 20 24 2011 6 20 IC 8 31 2012 3 31 2012 4 9 30 24 00 2011 2010 6 28 2011 3
170 62 4
171 1 2 JCT 3 4 5 6 JCT 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
172 62 4 36 PA 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 JCT 45 46 47 48 49 50 37 50 1,000 1 1 1 1 1 6 2011/3/3 6 6 2011/1/14
173 22 6 22 22 1 2 3 4 5, 6 CO 2 2010 2 2 22
174 62 4 50 1,000 6,000 1,000 2 1 2 1 2012 2012 r r 2 k ak H0 a1=a2= =ar H1 a1=a2= =ar 5 10 15 20 2 2
175 3 2 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 +SD +SE -SE -SD 5000 0 0 2
176 62 4 2 3 10,351 19,408 10,413 3 1 3 4 600.0 500.0 400.0 300.0 200.0 100.0 0.0 y = -0.0059x + 289.27 R² = 0.2312 13 1,100 172.7 47 34,000 127.4
177 700 % 600 500 400 300 200 y = -0.0048x + 269.72 R² = 0.2477 100 0 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 3 13 1,400 164.3 26 39,400 152.3 4 238.2 217.5 6 7 12 2 3 3
178 62 4 F P 6 4.7670886 0.00011 6 4.8008231 0.00010 1 5 1 5 6 50 SD SE 68 5 6 7 12 6 7 12 Fisher Bonferroni Scheffe Tukey 4 4 5 2009 2010 2011 4 Fisher LSD 3 Bonferroni α k α'=α/k Tukey Scheffe Tukey a,b VS c,d,e 1 1 1 Tukey Scheffe
179 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 +SD +SE -SE -SD 0 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 SD SE= 40000 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 +SD +SE -SE -SD 1
180 62 4 Bonferroni 3 1 Bonferroni 5 6 12 5 Fisher 6 6 7 12 6 7 12 Fisher 6 1 Bonferroni 7 11 1 12 Scheffe 8 1 7 9 10 11 5 12 Tukey 7 11 1 12 12 1 2 1 1 F P A 6 9.4608376 0.0000 B 1 6.4166708 0.0115 A B 6 0.1094145 0.9954 1 5
181 3 1 2 1 6 7 12 1 1 2 5 1 6 7 12 Fisher Tukey 4 7 12 1 1 2 4 1 2 F P A 6 1.3311689 0.240789 B 1 3.5861122 0.058694 A B 6 0.027901 0.999907 1 5 1 6 7 12 Fisher 5 Bonferroni Scheffe Tukey 3
182 62 4 7 12 5 F P 6 0.5841501 0.742984 6 0.641522 0.696974 1 5 6 7 12 6 1 5 1 50 50 1 5 6 16 17 23 24 28 29 36 37 50 6
183 6 6 2 1 3 1 7 8 Fisher 6 8 8 12 2 5 Bonferroni Scheffe Tukey 1 2 1 5 1 2 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 +SD +SE -SE -SD 0 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
184 62 4 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 +SD +SE -SE -SD 0 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 5 3 7 5 5 Fisher Bonfer-
185 roni Scheffe Tukey Fisher 6 5 4. 8 1 2 5 1 5 9 6 7 12 2
186 62 4 25000 20000 15000 10000 +SD +SE -SE -SD 5000 0 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 9 6 7 5 5
187 1. 52 5 2009 5 2. 69 11 2009 11 3. RIETI Discussion Paper Series 04-J-042 2004 8 4. 2011 8 5. 2011 7 6. 2004 4 7. Vol.12 No.3 2009 Autumn 8. 1 2
188 62 4 12 2011 9 9. 22 22 6 10. 2006 10 11. 48 11 2005 11 12. Vol.12 No.1 2009 Spring 13. 2 Vol6 2011 1 14. Vol.12 No.3 2009 Autumn 15. NHK 2003 9 16. 2009 11