THE INSTITUTE OF ELECTRONICS, INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERS TECHNICAL REPORT OF IEICE. 565 0871 2 1 606 8501 606 8501 651 2103 3 1 E-mail: k-nakamura@comm.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp ARToolKit 1. 1 1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 2. s 1, s 2,, s n n S = {s i i = 1, 2,, n} 1 S t t W (t) t S(t) ( S) t s S(t) w(s; t) t > = 0 W (t) = w(s; t) (1) s S(t) u u+1 s i S(u) = S(u+1) {s i } s S(u+1) s [u, u+1] s S(u+1) w(s; u+1) = w(s; u) (2) (1)(2) u u+1 W (u) W (u+1) = w(s; u) w(s; u+1) s S(u) s S(u+1) 1
= w(s i ; u) + {w(s; u) w(s; u+1)} s S(u+1) = w(s i ; u) (3) w(s i; u) s i u w(s i; u) = W (u) W (u+1) (4) v v+1 s i S(v+1) = S(v) {s i } s S(v) s [v, v+1] 1 s S(v) w(s; v+1) = w(s; v) (5) (1)(5) s i v+1 (4) w(s i; v+1) = W (v+1) W (v) (6) (4)(6) [u, u+1] [v, v+1] s i u v+1 w(s i; u) w(s i; v+1) = (W (u) W (u+1)) (W (v+1) W (v)) (7) 1 s i (7) 3 3 3. 3. 1 Ŵ (t) W (t) t t k τ k τ k Ŵ (τ k) W (τ k ) [τ k 1, τ k ) Ŵ (t) δ t stable if Ŵ Ŵ (t) is (x) Ŵ (x 1) < = d x=t δ unstable otherwise d t δ t d Ŵ (t) τ k (8) (Ŵ (t) is stable) (Ŵ (t 1) is unstable) (9) 3. 3 3. 2 1 1 2
2 t s onscale(s; t) 1 { 1 if s is on the scale at time t onscale(s; t) = (10) 0 otherwise onscale(s; t) t s 1 0 onscale(s; t) [τ k 1, τ k ) S u (k) S b (k) S u (k) = {s onscale(s; t) = 0, onscale(s; t 1) = 1, τ k 1 < = t < τ k } (11) S b (k) = {s onscale(s; t) = 1, onscale(s; t 1) = 0, τ k 1 < = t < τ k } (12) t s m(s) detected(s; t) { 1 if m(s) is detected at time t detected(s; t) = (13) 0 otherwise detected(s; t) t m(s) 1 0 detected(s; t) onscale(s; t) (11) (12) onscale(s; t) = detected(s; t) onscale(s; t) θ onscale(s; t) 1 if onscale(s; t) = 0 if onscale(s; t 1) t detected(s; x) = θ+1 x=t θ t detected(s; x) = 0 x=t θ otherwise (14) 1 3. 1 t 3. 2 t 2 t < θ onscale(s; t) = onscale(s; 0) onscale(s; 0) onscale(s; t) onscale(s; 0) ARToolKit [1] detected(s; t) ARToolKit 2 3. 3 3. 1 2. 3. 1 τ k (1) k > = 1 Ŵ (τ k ) = s S(τ k ) w(s; τ k ) (15) S(τ k ) τ k 1 S(τ k 1 ) (11)(12) S u (k), S b (k) τ 0 = 0 2 S(τ k ) = { } S(τ k 1 ) S u (k) S b (k) (16) S u (k) S(τ k 1 ) S b (k) S(τ k 1 ) = ϕ S u (k) = S(τ k ) S(τ k 1 ) (17) S b (k) = S(τ k ) S(τ k 1 ) (18) [τ k 1, τ k ) k > = 1, s S(τ k 1 ) S u (k) w(s; τ k ) = w(s; τ k 1 ) (19) (15)(17)(18)(19) (4) (6) 2 Q ( S) Q Q S \ Q 3
Ŵ (τ k ) Ŵ (τ k 1) = w(s; τ k ) w(s; τ k 1 ) s S(τ k ) s S(τ k 1 ) = w(s; τ k ) w(s; τ k 1 ) (20) s S b (k) s S u (k) (19) (20) w(s; τ k ) w(s; τ k ) Step 1: τ 0 (= 0) Ŵ (τ0) onscale(s; 0) S(τ 0) = {s onscale(s; 0) = 1} S(τ 0) E E = ϕ k k = 1 Step 2: (9) k τ k Ŵ (τ k ) (11)(12)(16) S u (k), S b (k), S(τ k ) (19)(20) E Step 3: E w(s; τ k ) s, k w(s; τ k ) E Step 4: k k+1 Step 2 τ k w(s; τ k ) s τ u τ v w(s, τ u ) w(s, τ v ) (21) 3. 4 τ k s S(τ k ) w(s; τ k ) τ k+1 w(s; τ k ) τ k+1 w(s; τ k ) [τ k 1, τ k ) s i, s j [τ k, τ k+1 ) w(s i ; τ k ) w(s j ; τ k ) 2 w(s i ; τ k ) + w(s j ; τ k ) = Ŵ (τ k) Ŵ (τ k 1) (22) w(s i ; τ k ) w(s j ; τ k ) = Ŵ (τ k+1) Ŵ (τ k) (23) 3 2 w(s i; τ k ) w(s j; τ k ) [τ k, τ k+1 ) s i, s j τ k+1 w(s i; τ k ) w(s j ; τ k ) w(s i ; τ k ) w(s j ; τ k ) unsolvable weight unsolvable weight unsolvable weight unsolvable weight 4. 4. 1 Amidia TX4202N [2] 4200g 0.01g RS232C 9 Ŵ (t) (8) Ŵ (t) 3 Logicool HD Webcam C510 640 480 pixels 15 fps (14) θ = 19 1.3 3 3 δ = 13, d = 0.06g (8) 4
1 g k 0 0.00 - - - - - 1 104.08 104.08 - - - - 2 3 554.17 104.08 unknown (w d ) unknown (w t ) - - w d + w t = 450.09 942.88 104.08 unknown (w d ) unknown (w t) unknown (w c) unknown (w o) w c + w o = 388.71 4 726.54 104.08 - w t =233.75 unknown (w c ) unknown (w o ) w d =216.34 5 936.47 104.08 213.21 233.75 unknown (w c) unknown (w o) 3.13g 6 726.53 104.08-233.75 unknown (w c ) unknown (w o ) 7 936.47 104.08 209.94 233.75 unknown (w c ) unknown (w o ) 3.28g 8 786.31 104.08 209.94 233.75 w c =238.55 - w o =150.16 9 932.54 104.08 209.94 233.75 238.55 146.23 3.93g 10 618.46 - - 233.75 238.55 146.23 11 828.42-209.96 233.75 238.55 146.23 0.02g 12 930.72 102.30 209.96 233.75 238.55 146.23 1.78g 7 1 1 7 7 2 4. 2 7 5 1 2 3 4 8 11 0.02g 2 1 21 1.4 1 23 1.5 θ θ [τ k 1, τ k ) τ k 2 ± 2.72 ± 0.51 1.76 3.96 3.15 ± 0.89 1.76 6.05 θ θ unsolvable weight 4. 3 θ θ 3. 1 [τ k 1, τ k ) τ k θ 7 2 2 1.76 15 fps θ < = 1.76 15 = 26 4 5
N u +N b > = 3 5. 3 4 N u N b N b 0 1 2 3 4 N u 1 27.3% 1.5% 0% 0% 0% 0-51.5% 10.6% 1.5% 3.0% 2 4.5% 0% 0% 0% 0% θ 4 θ > = 22 2 4 θ θ = 25 1.6 4. 4 unsolvable weight unsolvable weight w(s; τ k ) s w(s; τ k ) τ k s unsolvable weight unsolvable weight 3 N u N b N u, N b N u > = 3 N b > = 5 3 78.8(= 51.5 + 27.3)% 21.2% 1 9.4 21.2% 2 unsolvable weight unsolvable weight 4. 1 [3], [4] Chen [5] 6. unsolvable weight JSPS 24700089 [1] ARToolKit. http://www.hitl.washington.edu/artoolkit/ [2] Amidia TX-N http://www.an. shimadzu.co.jp/balance/products/p01/tx.htm [3] Y. Saeki and F. Takeda. Proposal of Food Intake Measuring System in Medical Use and Its Discussion of Practical Capability, Proc. of 9th Int l Conf. on KES, 2005. [4] 4, pp.43-48, 2007. [5] Jen-Hao Chen, Peggy Pei-Yu Chi, Hao-Hua Chu, Cheryl Chia-Hui Chen, and Polly Huang. A Smart Kitchen for Nutrition-Aware Cooking, Pervasive Computing, October- December 2010, Vol.9, No.4, pp.58-65, 2010. 6