１

10 2 1990 5 1993 6 16 11 24 18 35 1960 41 1966 19 2 11 14 30 1955 10 41 1966 12 16 45 40 35 2004 2004 2004 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 6 10 1

6 46 10 2223 2 6 10 6 10 1 6 7 8 1011 10 32 11 8 9 4 15, 16, 18, 21 10 20 1 4 2

18 60.2 11 30 33 9 52 1977 82% 80% 52 7 28 33 16 3

7 12 13 12 13 09 50 1 63mm 10 1 50mm 12 13 427mm 242.6mm 362mm 324mm 333mm 11 12466 13936 15 7 22 ( 16 7 13 09 ) ( 16 7 13 09 ) 4

7 12 18 13 24 200mm (mm) 427 362 333 324 305 254 243 233 233 216 202 5

7 17 18 18 1 96mm 7 (236.7mm) 285mm 18 197.5 9 4330 9842 5 7 28 ( 16 7 18 09 ) ( 16 7 18 09 7 17 00 7 18 24 180mm (mm) 435 312 285 242 217 213 204 198 193 188 182 6

7 30-50 100-120 2 2 10 8

21 9 26 27 29 08 15 20 30 09 29 07 50 1 133mm09 40 1 139mm 900mm 400mm 250mm 26 2 89 10 4 10 11 3822 6156 JR 16 21 9 21 9 29 09 8

250mm 9 25 9 30 9

23 10 18 18 19 20 13 15 18 21 03 500mm 300mm 20 11 3 83 9 326 10 25 16 23 9 21 10 20 09 10

300mm 10 18 10 21 11

16 11 24 1 50 1 468 1976 29 419 1998 1 80 2 30 1976 4 12 200 3 400 4 463 30 364 1982 23 1997 34 56 1 50 1 10 7 5 1 30 1 80 200 400 89 100 6 10 1251 30mm50mm50mm80mm 80mm 346 200mm 400mm 100mm 12

1 2 3 4 13

5 6 14

7 15

8 16

9 17

10 18

16 2004 1m 6 10 15 16 18 21 22 23 8 12 2m 1 830 31 16 22,000 11,000 9 2 16 2004 2 19

1m 1 19501970 1980 1990 2 1980 1960 1990 21 119502004 1m 2 30 52 0 3 0 9 1 20 8 39 11 51 11 52 2 52 4 52 ( ) 15 52 20

1 5 2 16 2004 1 1.5 2 14 1 6 1994 53 1978 3 21

6 1994 2 21 1946 3 3 7 7 20 39.5 2 7 21 40.4 3 8 30 70 94 12 8 14 40 5 4 150 1994 8 3 39.1 1994 8 4 39.8 40.4 2 4 22

68 25 11 24 68 5 1.7 8 5.5 23

6 0.2 2 8 9 10 6 10 24

6 6 7 9 10 21 23 25

6 2003 2004 79 26

27

18982003 5 28

1 5 2 5 IPCC 20 1020cm 1990 2100 988cm 100 1 20 30 1970 1980 7cm 1950 100 2 20 30 50 29

3 2004 5 19992003 5 2004 3 13 9 5 * 19992003 48 5 510cm 16 4 50 15cm 4 1949 5 30 5 30

1951 50 IPCC 20 21 IPCC 21 31

32

3,756 89,839 273,888 128,403 : 20. 9.1718 51.3m/s(17 ) :1,229 20. 10.811 451 6,181 174,146 158,893 : 34.0m/s(10 ) :231 22. 9.1415 1,930 9,298 384,743 12,927 : :708 23. 9.1112 247 1,263 2,290 739 45 :133 ( ) 23. 9.1517 838 18,017 120,035 113,427 435 : ( ) 46.7m/s(16 ) :688 24. 6.2023 468 5,398 57,553 80,300 4,242 222 ( ) 24. 8.1519 179 2,561 101,994 104,973 123 33.0m/s(15 ) 24. 8.31 160 17,203 144,060 48,598 2,907 9.1 34.1m/s(31 ) 25. 9.24 508 56,13 166,605 85,018 2,752 : ( ) 1 43.2m/s(3 ) :260 26. 7.717 306 1,585 103,298 139,821 98 453.0 (7 ( ) 10 ) 163 26. 10.13 ( 943 221,11 138,273 128,517 9,596 :42.5m/s(14 15 ) ( ) 8 ) :417 27. 6.2225 135 425 39,712 40,924 178 39.1m/s(23 ) 27. 7. 718 140 664 161,027 50,184 23 89 ( 28. 6.2529 1,013 34,655 454,643 269,813 618 :713.3mm(25 ) ( ) 29 ) :541 28. 7.1624 (1,124 10,889 86,479 98,046 112 : ) 776.5mm(17 21 ) :1,015 ( 28. 8.1415 429 1,777 21,517 11,876 270.0 (14 ) ),348 28. 9.2426 ( 478 86,398 495,875 318,657 5,582 37.0m/s(25 13 ) ) 117 29. 9.1014 146 39,855 181,380 61,722 688 67 12 29. 9.2527 (1,761 207,542 103,533 82,963 5,581 : ) 3300 55.0m/s(26 ) 33

30. 2.1921 123 573 296 13 84 59 ( ) 32. 7.2528 ( ) 992 6,811 72,565 43,566 222 : 729.5mm(25 ) 815 33. 9.2628 1,269 16,743 521,715 89,236 260 1,040 ( ) :444.1mm(22 27 ) 7 34. 8.1314 235 76,199 148,607 74,169 111 : ( ) 48.8m/s(14 ) :90 34. 9.2627 (5,098 833,965 363,611 210,859 7,576 :3,351 ) : 55.3m/s(26 ) 36 36. 6.24 ( 357 8,464 414,362 340,449 21 :136 7.1 ) :526.3mm (2630 ) 2 36. 9.1517 ( 202 499,444 384,120 82,850 2,540 : ) 66.7m/s(16 ) 36 ( 36.10.25 114 819 60,748 32,190 186 274.3 (26 ) 29 ),74 ( 37. 7.19 102 395 91,604 66,113 5 63 ) 39 39. 7.1719 128 2,048 67,517 46,042 15 :263.8mm(18 7 ) :109 40. 9.1318 107 8,105 251,820 81,649 110 : 24 774.0mm(13 17 ) 40.10.67 209 29 41. 9.2425 ( 318 73,166 53,601 34,159 107 :175 24 26 ) :55 : 42.7m/s(25 ) 42 42. 7.710 371 3,756 301,445 44,444 5 :159 7 :364mm(7 10 ) 42. 8.2629 146 2,594 69,424 62,678 :136 :250.4mm(28 29 ) 7 43. 8.1518 133 443 14,662 1,946 88 :104 : 320mm(17 ) 47 47. 7.313 442 4,339 194,691 84,794 2 :674.5mm(9 7 14 ) :122 8 49. 7.311 111 1,448 148,934 16,230 19 :44 :508mm(78 ) 51. 6.2126 43 164 3,474 4,564 32 34

51. 7.1114 15 108 8,048 3,407 12 51. 8.46 11 45 9,745 11,554 11 51. 9.817 ( 169 11,193 442,317 80,304 237 : 17 ) 1866mm(814 ) :50 53. 7.713 10 9 8,874 7 53. 9.1216 11 2,777 7,849 670 64 5 18 54. 9.24 12 1,503 68,216 7,042 133 47.7m/s 16 10.2 30 ( 54. 6.25 ( 29 273 48,208 35,991 3 724mm(6.26 ) 7.4 ) 7.1 ) 54.10.14 111 7,523 37,450 25,451 19 67 20 20 ( 55. 8.2631 ( 26 405 39,141 10,069 9 8 ) ) 55. 9.912 11 83 5,554 2,262 151 441mm10 13 56. 8.2027 43 4,401 31,082 65,821 264 10 15 57 57. 7.1026 345 851 52,165 15,354 30 :573.5mm(23 7 25 ),299 57. 8.13 95 5,312 113,902 28,311 12 24 10 57. 9.814 38 651 136,308 20,012 3 18 18 58. 4.1415 10 33 1 141.5mm 14 58 58. 7.2023 117 3,669 17,141 7,796 :331.5mm(23 7 ) :107 58. 9.2430 44 640 56,267 5,651 26 315.5mm(27 10 ) ( 59. 6.2229 16 21 2,967 492 16 ) ( ) 60. 4.1115 11 1 1 11 6 60. 6.18 16 811 12,691 31,617 1 7.6 60. 7.315 13 59 3,609 3,129 176mm8 ( 60. 7.38.3 26 69 3 ) (7.26 ) 60. 8.29 31 7,805 2,858 2,112 1,144 12 12 13 9.2 14 ( 61. 7.417 23 175 3,638 809 1 ) 35

61. 8.39 21 2,683 105,072 85,119 9 296mm(5 ) 10 ( 63. 7.929 27 613 10,083 3,021 22 ) 63. 8.927 14 150 5,867 1,904 1 11 13 724mm911 15 436 15 (. 7.1517 ). 7.28 11 76 10,664 30 3 11 12 8.4 4. 8.57 15 159 5,063 1,384 13. 9.115 17 50 21,581 2,883 ( 2. 6.257.4 27 592 42,141 20,765 11 16 ) 2. 9.1620 40 16,521 16,150 40,616 413 13 19 10 2.11.35 12 102 5,283 1,620 37 170mm4 3. 2.1319 26 178 54 316 23 ( ) 3. 8.1924 16 53 4,162 4,142 4 12 3. 9.1215 11 382 2,586 875 69 3 17 3. 9.1621 12 225 52,662 4,973 2 573mm18 18 19 3. 9.24 62 170,447 22,965 362 929 19 10.1 36.0m/s(9.27 ) 29.0m/s(9.28 ) ( 5. 6.28 21 84 1,392 3,632 ) 7.8 5. 7.24 ( 18 143 4,316 4,527 4 4 5 8.1 ) 6 5 5. 7.31 ( 79 825 21,992 66 72 8 8.8 ) 5. 8.31 48 1,892 10,447 7,905 66 13 9.5 35.7m/s(9.4 ) 8. 9.2024 11 898 12,226 309 61 17 36.3m/s (22 ) 8.12.46 14 2 14 9. 7.319 26 89 7,681 1,089 21 9. 9.1220 12 216 16,016 557 34 5 19 36

10 10.8.259.1 ( 25 446 13,893 9,519 1 8 ) 656.5mm(8.26 ( 4 ) 9.1 ) 11 10.9.2124 18 21,132 8,678 3,349 10 7 8 163mm(22 ) 4 10.10.13 13 765 12,548 1,662 1 10 20 236mm(18 ) 6 11.6.227.4 40 615 12,453 570 4 394.5mm(23 ( ) 30 ) 32 ( 11.8.917 17 63 7,524 2,625 ) 302mm(14 ) 15 11.9.1625 36 47,150 23,218 552 18 658cm(24 ) 16 12.9.817 14 15.7.1820 11 609 70,017 16,315 1 566.5mm(11 12 ) 7 23 265 7,845 60 228mm20 19 15.8.610 20 689 2,102 248 23 10 358mm9 6 5 15.9.1825 11 191 1 8 15 NE32.1m/s 21 11 50 100 51 10 37

10 6 10 10 5 9 5 7 50 8 9 400 7 8 10 60 4 5 100 5 200 1 8000 6 2000 6 7 40 4 10 5000 3 280 12 20 6 250 38

8 9 4 100 9 3000 5 1400 12 2 160 23 39