1971 1982 1985 Abstract The first liberalisation of circuit use (1971) and the second liberalisation (1982) liberalised the use of telecommunications circuits for data communications to respond the development of data communications, while maintaining the monopoly of telephone services by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation. The demarcation between monopoly services and liberalised data communication services was set by the existence of data processing. If the contents of communications were changed, the services were regarded as data communications. The new telecommunications framework that introduced competition in the telecommunications businesses and privatised Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation in 1985 followed this demarcation. Data communications businesses are included in telecommunications businesses, while data communication businesses are exempted from the regulations by the Telecommunications Business Law except the sections on the obligation to observe telecommunications secrecy and the prohibition of inspection. However, this continuation of the demarcation led to the discussion on possible breach of the obligation to keep telecommunications secrecy by Google s use of big data. I fear that the continuation of the discussions on big data in the context of telecommunications secrecy will maintain the asymmetry in regulations between Japan and the USA. Reconsideration of regulations freed from the path dependence found in the definition of telecommunications businesses is urgently required. Key words: Third party use of circuit, Shared use of circuit, Transmission of third party message, Data communication, Secrecy of telecommunications, Big data 59
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