II Vol. 8 2004 2005 3
34 8 4 8 911 & 1
significant other 3 4 AW 3 AW TA 4 2005 1 24 2
1 2 1. 4 3 2. 22 3. 34 4 4. 60 49 5. 69 6. 82 92 107 3
1 4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1 : jeds96 13 60.2 39.8 20 53.0 47.0 10 58.3 41.7 61.7 38.3 64.6 35.4 2 : 1 jeds96 86.3 13.7 85.2 14.8 14
3 : jeds96 13 38.8 61.2 20 30.9 69.1 10 36.7 53.3 39.3 60.7 47.6 52.4 4 : 2 jeds96 86.3 13.7 85.2 14.8 15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
01 =0=1 01 0=1 29
1. 8 30
2. 31
1 Positive-Ad 2 2004 10 30 3 TRKCINC 2004 2004 12 14 CM 2004 4 9 2004 1 11 4 2004 3 6 5 CM 32
Cable News Network,2004 2004 11 3 6 Kerry-Edword2004Inc,2004, 2004 10 7 CM G.W J. 2 7 2004-2 100-2 210 2004 10 28 8 IT 9 2004 7 7 Garramone,C.M 1984. Voter response to negative political Ad. Journalism Quaterly 61, 250259 D.,1988 33
CM P-ADIngenuity P-ADLifetime N-ADRight track
3 1. 1990 1950 1993 7 1994 6 29 i 11 2003, 132 34
11. 1996 2000 120 2 3 4 2. 21. 1954 35
2001, 182 1996, 31 1985, 203 22. ii 1996 1998 2000 36
2001 21 1996 26 20 21. 1996 1998 1 100 2000 2001 1996 24 37
4 3 80 9800 01 21 23. 22 iii 22. 1996 38
1996 1998 1998 2000 2000 39
2001 2001 2001 21 92 96 96 20 76 9 75 40
1996 5 1998 2000 2001 6 1 1 1996 2.75 7.25 9.28 15.35 16.15 1998 2000 2001 2.98 5.24 9.53 11.91 15.08 16.89 22 r 96 0.33 98 0.47 00 0.52 iv 1996 0.33 1998 24. 41
3. 31. 31 1972 2001 v 72 3101 41 72 28 19 72 41 01 40 83 86 50 01 42
31. 100 32. 1989 2001 32 43
89 60 38 89 690 4 89 1990 22 32. 100 32 89 90 90 92 44
89 90 90 92 vi 72 18 01 35.4 vii 31 2001 6 2.98 5.24 9.53 11.91 15.08 16.89.280.278 2 45
4. 2 3 2 3 i 1992 1998 2003 ii 1996, 8 1983 1992 46
iii 1996 5 1998 2000 2001 6 iv 83 0.54 0.51 0.58 89 0.5990 0.6592 0.59 1996, 315 v 72 86 3 89 01 5 89 3 vi vii 1972 2001 32 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1996. 1998. 96 22, 10 6115. 2003. 3 3, 130142. 2001. 1985.. 1989.. 1995. 47
1954. 48
60 60 1960 5 19 1 ( 1960.6.16) 49
2 60 60 2 3 4 60 21 60 1951 1952 1951 1999, p.86 50
22 1955 1958 6 10 1959 3 80 3 () 134 ( 2002, p.503 2003b, p.7) 4 (5) 5 1959 11 27 60 1 6 1960 1 1958 51
23 1960 2 5 ( 1986, p.76, 89) 6 19 5 6 19 5 19 2 3 ( 2003b, p.16) 7 52
10 ( 1986, p.93) 5.19 24 5.19 () 4 20 5 19 50 8 5 19 ( 20 ) 5 16 5 19 20 0 6 9 53
28 ( 2004, p.92) 25 5.19 5.19 ( 2002, p.509) 5.19 10 6 20 ( 1985, p.68~71) 2002, p.510 A 10 40 12 ( 1957.11.251960.6.3) 11 8 ( 1986, p.170) 6 10 54
60 6 15 6 16 12 6 15 7 6 17 13 18 50 19 0 20 23 ( 1985, p.76~79) ( 1960, p.234) 60 14 2 60 5 19 55
5 19 5 19 5 19 31 (1) 2 2 1958 1958 ( 1956 ) 15 56
( 1958.9.23) 1958 10 8 10 13 (2) 3 2 57
() () 16 58
() ( 1986 p.35) 5.19 5.19 59
32 5.19 5.19 31 () () 17 ( 2003b, p.5) 1/4 ( 1960, p.33) ( 1988, p.411)60 ( 1988, 429~431) ( 2003a, p.342003b, p.6) 60
( 1985, p.66~67) ( 1959.11.29) 5 19 5 19 ( 1988, p.411) 33 5.19 5.19 5 19 ( 1985, p.65~71) ( 1960.5.20)5 19 2 61
5 19 5 19 18 5.19 4 5.19 7 62
( 2003b, p.15) ( 1959.11.281960.6.16) 1. 1. 5 19 63
( 1960.5.21) 2. 2. () 5 19 1960 5 12 ( )11 ( 1976) 19 64
60 3. 519 3. 60 519 ( ) 5.19 65
1 1960 ( 1996, p.325) 2 ( 1967) ( 1988) ( 1960) 3 ( 2003b, p.3) 4 2003b, p.4 5 1955 ( 2003a) 6 2002, p.504506 7 4 20 ( 2003, p.16) 66
8 5 26 ( 2002, p.507) 9 ( 2002, p.509) 10 ( 1995, p.34,35) 11 3 5 12 ( 1985, p.74) 13 7 7 ( 1995, p.202) 14 60 15 ( 1990 p.111~118) 16 ( 1990 p.124) 17 ( 1985, p.132~144) 18 ( 1960, p.327) 19 384 67
30 () 1976 1999 2004 1985 93 1999 154 3 2003a 154 4 5 6 2003b 2002 18 1995 1967 1988 1960 5 19 1960 1986 1990 1985 1996 68
15 25 40 69
70
1969 20 71
JEDS2000 20 72
5 tax payer tax eater GA&S 73
JEDS2000 0 1 1 23 3 4 5 5 7 014 JEDS2000 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 0 JEDS2000 74
200 100200 400 300400 600 500600 800 700800 1000 9001000 1200 11001200 1400 13001400 1500 JEDS2000 1 0 JEDS2000 PTA 2 1 1 0 JEDS2000 1 2 3 1 2 75
JEDS2000 JEDS2000 JEDS2000 76
77
6 2 JEDS2000 JEDS2000 6 78
JEDS2000 JEDS2000 79
50 80 80
1988 1992 GA&S 1963 1974 1990 81
82
LW 1965 L W 1965p.40 1 83
2 84
1988 E 85
JEDS2000 3 86
5 PTA 87
.076.070.035.041.065.121.047**.077.069 -.030 -.011 -.016 -.005.026 -.030 -.008.034.011.009.031 -.021 -.001.034 -.007.012 -.016 -.017 -.009 -.049 -.001 -.065 -.001 -.031.049.020 -.016.108.115.117.000.069.143.066.084.094.569.419.515.530.461.474.570.475.449 -.028.024 -.004.064 -.004.052 -.001.052.047.026.044.026 -.002.050.022 -.006.037.059.069**.126.082.105.048**.079.078.121.094.045.039.028.003 -.017.035.015.068.083 -.001 -.021 -.049** -.043 -.013 -.013.002.015 -.041 A d j R 2.385.264.324.324.253.346.366.350.314 (N) 1175 1175 1175 1175 1175 1175 1175 1175 1175 88
89
.235.158.088.081.106.108 -.058 -.106** -.051 -.064 -.117 -.030 -.019.067.033.042 -.020.040.006 -.018 -.084.014 -.084 -.056.176.190.125**.153**.033.105 -.048 -.013 -.010 -.048.135 -.064 -.028.035.041.044 -.109.126.039.236.101.107.244.070 -.020.085 -.074 -.027.001.199 -.031.041.007 -.077 -.041.000 A d j R 2.058.116.023.012.035.054 (N) 277 290 281 221 167 199 90
91
J.W. 1965 1976 2000Who said I wanted to participate? 1988 1997 1997 1988 2000 92
OB TA 107
Vol.8 2004 2005 3 20 2004 602-8580 TEL: 075-251-3597 E-mail: ynishiza@mail.doshisha.ac.jp HP: hppt://www1.doshisha.ac.jp/~ynishiza/ Copyright 2005 Nishizawa Seminar Printed in Japan 4