2012
1. 2. 3. URL http://www.media.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/helpdesk/ Linux Linus Torvalds X Window System, X Consortium Inc. UNIX The Open Group MS Windows Microsoft MS Office Microsoft TM Copyright 2012 by Information Media Center and University Library, Hiroshima University. All Rights Reserved. Illustration Momoe Minamasa 2
1 1 1.1............................ 1 1.2............................. 2 1.3................................... 3 1.4 Information Security 4 2 5 2.1......................................... 5 2.2........................................ 6 2.3............................................. 9 2.4.............................................. 10 3 12 3.1 WWW (World Wide Web).................... 12 3.2 ICE......................................... 15 3.3......................................... 19 4 28 4.1........................................ 28 4.2............................................ 33 5 37 5.1................................................ 37 5.2........................................... 43 5.3................................................ 50 5.4............................................. 60 5.5......................................... 67 5.6.............................................. 70 6 79 6.0................................ 79 6.1 (public html)................................ 79 6.2.............................. 80 6.3 (link)................................ 82 6.4.............................................. 83 6.5......................................... 83 6.6................................ 85 7 86 7.1.............................. 86 7.2........................ 87 7.3................................... 88 7.4.................................... 89 7.5?......................... 90 i
8 92 8.1.............................................. 92 8.2............................................. 94 8.3............................................. 95 8.4....................................... 97 9 98 9.1 IP..................................... 98 9.2.............................................. 100 9.3 IP........................................ 100 9.4................................................ 101 A 105 B (USB CD-R) 106 ii
( ) ( ) () J305 93 60 2F 94 2F 20 3F 267 J305 51 C605 29 A201 45 B202 25 K208 41 L310 41 B207 39 1F 2F 80 2F 15 1F 50 1F 120 2F 15 A 1F 1 30 B 1F 2 35 iii
1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 1,2,3,6 4 1 iv
( ) Linux ( ) Windows Mac OS Linux OS() OS UNIX Windows OS OS Linux Windows OS MS-DOS Mac OS X OS Mac OS-Pod v
1 10 1.1 1 ID A 1 1
( ) ˆ ˆ iv 15 1.2 WARNING!!! (from ckmail1.hiroshima-u.ac.jp) The following message attachments were flagged by the antivirus scanner: Attachment [2.2] msg14429.pif, virus infected: W32/Netsky-Q. Action taken: deleted PC https://mslicense.office.hiroshima-u.ac.jp Web 2
1.3 10 10 10 10 1. 2. 3. SNS 3
1.4 Information Security WebCT http://webct.riise.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/ 4
2 2.1 IC (IC ) 2.1: 5
ICE (Information system for Communication and Education) OS (Linux Windows7 1 ) ICE OS Linux Windows Linux Windows 2 OS 3 OS OS OS Linux Windows Linux Linux 2.2: (Linux) 2.2 4 (Account, )? 1 2 ICE ( ) 3 OS Linux Windows 4 Windows 6
ログイン時には 以下の ユーザ名 と パスワード の組によって利用者を認識しますが ユーザ名は IC カード機能を持つ学生証をカードリーダで読み取ることで取得する仕組みになっています センターのコン ピュータを利用するときには 学生証を忘れないよう注意しましょう ユーザ名 (user name) あなたの学生番号 (B+数字 6 桁) の先頭の B を小文字にしたものがユーザ名です アカウント名 ログイン名とも呼ばれます [例] 学生番号が B012345 とすると b012345 がユーザ名です パスワード (password) パスワードは 入学時に学生証と一緒に配布された紙に書いてあります5 ログインとログアウトの基本概念は OS が異なっても同じですから 以下では Linux を例にしてログイン操 作ログアウト操作を説明することにします なおログイン時には学生証が必要です 忘れないように注意して ください それでは実際にログインしてみましょう まず本体の電源を入れ Linux を立ち上げましょう 図 2.2 のよう な画面になります 画面中央に広島大学と書かれたログインパネルが表示されていますね 1. 学生証をディスプレイ下の IC カードリーダ上にかざします IC カードリーダが 学生証を認識すると あなたのユーザ名が表示されたパネルに変わります (下図 参照) ICカードリーダに 学生証をかざすと 2. Enter キー或いはログインボタンを押すと パスワードを入力する画面になりま す 前述のパスワードを入力します パスワードを入力する時 画面に入力した 文字は表示されません これはキャッシュカードの暗証番号と同じように 他の 人にパスワードを知られないようにするためです パスワードを入力し終えたら Enter キー或いはログインボタンを押します 3. 認証に成功すると コンピュータを利用する画面になります 入力を間違えた等 の理由でログイン認証に失敗した場合には パネルに 認証失敗 と表示された 後 最初のログインパネルに戻ります 落ち着いてもう一度入力してください ユーザ名 と パスワード を正しく入力できた場合は ログインに成功し画面が変わります (図 2.3) ログ イン認証が終わったら学生証を忘れないように注意して早めに収めておきましょう コンピュータの中での作業が済むと 必ず終了する必要があります 先に述べた様に センターのコンピュー タは複数の人が利用するわけですから あなたがきちんと終了しておかなくては他の人が利用できませんし あなたのアカウントが勝手に使われたりする危険もあります 5 入学時に配布されたものは仮パスワードですからできるだけ早く各自で変更してください 7
2.3: (login) (logout) OS (shutdown) (click) (drag) 1 2 ( ) ( 2.4 ) 1. 2. ( 2.4) ( ) OK 2.4: 8
2.3 2.3 ( ) 2.5: ( + ) ( 2.5 ) 2.5 ( ) () Alt 3 ( ) ( ) ( ) ) () 9
2.4 ( ) F J D S A K L ; ( ) Q A Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - Q W E R T Y U I O P A S D F G H J K L ; Z X C V B N M,. / 10 typist typist 1. 2. typist3 3. typist ˆ Ctrl C 10
1. @ () / ( ) Backspace ( ) Shift (, 2 ) ( ) 2. 3. F J 4. QWERTY... 5. typist 11
3 3.1 WWW (World Wide Web) WWW WWW ICE WWW Firefox Mozilla 3.1.1 Firefox Firefox Firefox Firefox 1 Firefox Firefox 3.1.2 Firefox Firefox URL(Uniform Resource Locator) ( ) URL http://www.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/index-j.html URL Firefox URL URL 3.2 () URL Backspace ( BkSp BS ) URL Enter Firefox 3.1 12
3.1: 3.1 3.2: 3.2 ( ) 3.2 () (HTML ) WWW 1 13
3.1.3 ICE FAQ 2 3.1.4 Web 1. WWW (http://www.lib.hiroshima-u.ac.jp) (OPAC) ( ) 4 3.1.5 Web 2. URL URL 3 URL http://www.google.com/ http://www.yahoo.co.jp/ http://www.infoseek.co.jp/ http://www.bing.com/ http://www.goo.ne.jp/ 2 Frequently Asked Questions( ) 3 ( ) 14
Firefox Google 3.1.6 Firefox URL Firefox URL 3.1.7 Firefox ICE Firefox ( ) ICE 4 1. ( Firefox ) ( ) 2. 5 IC ( ) WWW 3.2 ICE Linux Windows 4 () 1 5 15
3.2.1 1 3.3: WWW Proxy 3.2.2 LDAP(Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) ICE 6 NFS(Network File System) CIFS(Common Internet File System) 6 16
3.4: LDAP, NFS/CIFS 1GB 3.2.3 SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) smtp.hiroshimau.ac.jp 7 XXXX@hiroshima-u.ac.jp POP3(Post Office Protocol version 3) IMAP4(Internet Message Access Protocol) APOP APOP 7 17
3.5: SMTP, POP3 web public html WWW WWW WWW WWW 24 3.2.4 http://www.media.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/ 18
3.2.5 CG( ) DTM() DTV( ) ICE PPP (http://www.media.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/) 3.3 B012345 b012345@hiroshima-u.ac.jp 3.3.1 ICE Thunderbird POP POP POP hiroshima-u.ac.jp POP POP ICE 19
(SMTP) SMTP SMTP smtp.hiroshima-u.ac.jp @hiroshima-u.ac.jp B012345 b012345@hiroshima-u.ac.jp Thunderbird Mozilla/Thunderbird Mail/News( Mozilla Thunderbird) 3.6: 3.6 Thunderbird POP 8 3.7: Thunderbird 8 ( 3.6 ) 20
Thunderbird hiroshima-u.ac.jp 3.7 OK POP (hiroshima-u.ac.jp) SMTP (smtp.hiroshimau.ac.jp) Thunderbird 3.8: Thunderbird Thunderbird 3.3.2 3.8 ( 3.9) Backspace Test Mail ( b012345@hiroshima-u.ac.jp ) 21
3.9: -- (b012345@hiroshima-u.ac.jp) (SMTP) ( smtp.hiroshima-u.ac.jp ) 3.9 3.3.3 POP hiroshima-u.ac.jp Thunderbird 3.8 9 3.8 3.3.4 9 Thunderbird Thunderbird 22
> 3.3.5 1GB 3.8 3.3.6 3.9 3.8 3.3.7 Anthy / / Anthy / watashiha Enter Enter 23
Enter F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 Shift + Shift + () nn gakkou menyuu x xtu xyu xa wo 3.3.8 Joho 3.10: Joho 3.8 Joho Joho Joho 3.10 Joho 24
3.11: Joho 3.8 ( 3.11) Joho () b012345@hiroshimau.ac.jp Joho b012345@hiroshima-u.ac.jp b012345@hiroshima-u.ac.jp ( ) Joho 3.11 OK Joho Joho 25
3.3.9 ( signature) --------------------------------------- XXXXX XXXX (Joho, Hanako) b012345@hiroshima-u.ac.jp --------------------------------------- gedit Mailboxes config linux signature.txt Thunderbird ( 3.7) 3.3.10 Thunderbird Thunderbird 3.3.11 Thunderbird ( ) 3.12: Thunderbird 10 10 Linux MS Windows Windows 26
( ) Thunderbird 3.12 3.3.12 ˆ ˆ ˆ 7 ( Enter ) ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ (1 ) 11 ( ) ( WWW ) 12 11 Web 12 27
4 3 1. 2. 3. 4.1 URL 3 4.1.1 4.1.2 1 4.1 1 http://www.lib.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/ 28
4.1: 2 4.1 OPAC ( 4.2) 4.1 2 LAN VPN Web http://www.media.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/services/hinet/vpn 29
4.2: OPAC 2 p.14-29 OPAC OPAC 30
4.2 4.3 LAN 4.2 * * * * * * * * * * * * * 4.3 31
4.1.3 4.4 4.4 32
4.1.4 Google Yahoo! 4.5 4.5 4.2 1. 1 2. 4.2.1 OPAC Online Public Access Catalogue ( 4.2 ) OPAC 33
4.3: 4.3 NACSIS-Webcat NACSIS-Webcat NACSIS-Webcat OPAC NACSIS-Webcat 34
4.2.2 LAN 3 OPAC Online Public Access Catalogue 082 424-6217 tosho-fukyu-deli@office.hiroshima-u.ac.jp (cash) 082 424-6225 tosho-fukyu-floor@office.hiroshima-u.ac.jp (others) 082 424-6228 tosho-fukyu-floor@office.hiroshima-u.ac.jp 082 257-5902 tosho-fukyu-hiro@office.hiroshima-u.ac.jp 082 542-6972 tosho-fukyu-hiro@office.hiroshima-u.ac.jp ( ) (Name) ID M0111111 Phone (Ext.) E-mail @hiroshima-u.ac.jp Journal Book Title Department 20(10) 20(10) (ISSN: 04392892 ISBN: ) () ( ) Vol.(No),Page,Year 156 5-24 2010 Author Article 1980 () ( ) Webcat AA AN BA BN 00335786 No. No. No. No. No. 4.4: NACSIS-Webcat 3 http://www.lib.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/reference/ejriyoan.html 35
4.4 4.2.3 OPAC NACSIS-Webcat. :. 2,,, 2010, 140p., ISBN9784903068152. 36
5 1. : gedit (Linux) 2. Nautilus (Linux) 3. Microsoft Word (Windows) 4. Microsoft Excel (Windows) 5. Microsoft PowerPoint (Windows) 6. GIMP, OpenOffice.org Draw (Linux) 5.1 Linux UNIX ( ) () 1 1 37
5.1.1 ICE Linux GNOME (gedit) gedit gedit () ( ) Oh where,oh where has my little dog gone? Oh where,oh where can he be? With his ears cut short and his tail cut long, Oh where,oh where is he? Enter Enter ( ) Enter Backspace Backspace ( ) little-dog.text 38
5.1.2 gedit.text.txt gedit 5.1.1 OK 5.1.3 / / 39
gedit () ( ) kurumi.txt UTF-8 UTF-8 2 JIS Shift JIS EUC Unicode 4 JIS Shift JIS Windows Macintosh EUC Linux UNIX 3 Linux Windows Macintosh 4 ( ) Unicode (uni 5 ) OS (Unicode ) Web 2 3 4 ( ) 5 40
5.1.4 100 () ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 41
xi F7 OK ( ) gedit Enter gedit 42
gedit Ctrl+C Ctrl C 5.2 5.2.1 () XXXXX (XXXXX ) 43
5.1: Nautilus (file)? (folder) (directory) Nautilus 5.1 ( ) XXXXX 44
Mailboxes ImapMail Mail config linux config winxp Mail config linux Thunderbird Mail Local Folder hiroshima-u.ac.jp Local Folder Inbox Local Folder Local Folder () () Mailboxes ImapMail Mail 5.2 ( ) 180 5.3 45
5.2: () 5.3: ( ) () (root) ( ) ( ) home / ( ) kurumi.txt /home/b012345/kurumi.txt (path) 6 6 46
5.2.2 Text XXXXX Text Enter kurimu.txt little-dog.text Text kurumi.txt Text kurumi.txt Text little-dog.text Text Text kurumi.txt little-dog.text Ctrl Text 47
Ctrl kurumi.txt little-dog.text Ctrl kurumi.txt ( littledog.text) Ctrl 5.2.3.XXX kurumi.txt.txt kurumi.txt kurumi.txt ( kurumi.txt) kurumi.txt.txt Enter 48
5.2.4 () ( ) ls () ( ) root root Linux () root 49
5.2.5 little-dog.text.txt little-dog.text Ctrl 5.4 5.4: 1GB 7 USB CD-R/RW B 5.3 Windows Microsoft Word 2010 7 1024MB=1GB 1MB=1024KB 1KB=1024byte 1GB 50
8 Microsoft Word Linux OpenOffice Writer OpenOffice Writer Microsoft Word Microsoft Word OpenOffice Writer 9 5.3.1 Word Windows Microsoft Office Microsoft Word 2010 Word Microsoft Word Word 8 LATEX LATEX Knuth 9 OpenDocument OpenOffice OpenDocument 51
Word 5.3.2 Word 5.5 A4 WWW http://www.riise.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/wot/text.html WWW Backspace Enter 52
WWW WWW WWW Enter Enter Enter Enter 5.3.3 ( ) wwwtext wwwtext Word.docx wwwtext.docx Ctrl S Word Word Ctrl S Ctrl S 53
5.5: 54
5.3.4 Windows MS MS 10 WWW WWW Arial MS 12 11 MS Arial 12pt Arial WWW Century Arial 12 12 MS 12 MS 10 MS MS Microsoft HG 11 6 8 55
5.3.5 Enter WWW WWW 56
Tab 5.3.6 URL http://www.riise.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/wot/text.html URL Ctrl c 5.5 Enter A 57
OK Backspace URL 5.3.7 () 1.5 1 OK 58
5.3.8 http://www.riise.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/imc-logo.png 5.3.6 WWW () Shift 59
5.4 5.1: 70 85 90 90 75 90 65 80 95 65 85 70 Linux OpenOffice Calc Windows Microsoft Excel 2010 Excel 5.4.1 Excel 60
Windows Microsoft Office Microsoft Excel 2010 Excel Word (Spread Sheet: ) Excel 5.4.2 5.1 Excel Enter 61
Tab OK 708590 5.4.3 A B C 1 2 3 A 2 A2 C 4 C4 A2 C4 = 62
E1 =1+1 Enter 2 E1 2 2 1+1 =1+1 Enter E1 () =2*(100-50) 2 (100-50) =(30+2*(2+3))/(25+2) =8^3 8 3 =A1*100 30+2 (2+3) 25+2 A1 100 SIN =SIN(1.5) SUM AVERAGE SIN SUM B2 C2 D2 SUM(B2,C2,D2) SUM (B2:D2) : ( ) 63
E1 E2 =SUM( =SUM(B2 D2 =SUM(B2:D2 Enter (E2) E3 B2:D2 B3:D3 E4 E5 A6 B6 =AVERAGE( B2 B5 Enter B6 C6 E6 64
5.4.4 5.6: A1 A5 E1 E5 A1:A5 Ctrl E1 E5 65
5.6 5.4.5 Excel Microsoft Office Adobe PDF pdf 5.4.6 100 B4 100 Enter Enter 12 12 1979 VisiCalc 1979 66
5.5 Microsoft PowerPoint 2010 5.5.1 PowerPoint Windows Microsoft Office Microsoft PowerPoint 2010 Excel PowerPoint Word Excel PowerPoint 5.5.2 67
[TAB] [SHIFT+TAB] [TAB] [TAB] Shift Tab [SHIFT+TAB] Tab 1 Tab Shift Tab 68
5.5.3 5.5.4 PowerPoint Word Excel 5.5.5 1 69
5.6 (CG) CG CG 5.6.1 5.7 (A) 5.7: 5.7 (B) oval rect 5 27 37 49 oval 26 7 49 46 rect 5.7 (C) 0 1 2 5.7 70
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0... 5.7 (C) 5.6.2 Gimp Gimp Gimp Gimp Gimp Gimp Linux Windows Linux Gimp Gimp ( ) 71
GNU Image Manipulation Program () Gimp Gimp Gimp Gimp Gimp (GNU Image Manipulation Program ) 5.7 (C) 640 480 72
( ) Ctrl Z 73
Gimp () Gimp Gimp xcf JPEG 74
JPEG JPEG () 0.6 0.8 5.6.3 OpenOffice.org Draw Gimp OpenOffice.org Draw OpenOffice.org Oracle OS GNU LGPL PC OpenOffice.org Drawing OpenOffice.org Draw 75
OpenOffice.org Draw 76
3 4 4 ( ) OpenDocument () odg odg OpenOffice.org Draw ( OpenOffice.org ) eps OpenOffce.org Draw eps WWW png gif 77
OpenDocument 6 HTML HTML Web Web HTML XML OpenDocument http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tc home.php?wg abbrev=office OpenDocument ICE Linux/Windows OpenOffice.org OpenDocument 78
6 1 HTML(Hyper Text Markup Language) HTML HTML HTML 6.0 WWW (home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp) https://reg.huc.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/ 6.1 (public html) ( ) public html ( public html) public html XXXXX public html Enter public html public html public html 1 3.1 79
6.1: public html 6.1 public html 6.2 public html index.html HTML index.html http://home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/b012345/ URL 2 index.html <html> <head> <title> </title> </head> <body> </body> </html> public html index.html 3? 2 b012345 3 GNOME EUC-JP Unicode(UTF-8) 80
6.2: index.html index.html index.html 6.2 public html ( ) Firefox B012345 http://home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/b012345/ URL public html index.html HTML < > <html> <body> (tag, markup tag) 2 ˆ <tag> </tag> ˆ <tag> <head> </head> <body> </body> HTML 81
html head title body HTML Firefox h1, h2 6 h3 p hr ul, li ol, li dl, dt, dd table, tr, td, th blockquote H1 H6 H1 <h3> HTML </h3> 6 4 <ul> <li> </li> <li> </li> <li> </li> </ul> 5 <dl> <dt> HTML </dt><dd> Hyper Text Markup Language </dd> <dt> WWW </dt><dd> World Wide Web </dd> <dt> JPEG </dt><dd> Joint Photographic Experts Group </dd> </dl> 6.3 (link) HTML 6 4 li HTML 5 li dt dd 6 ( ) () WWW 82
index.html public html index.html BODY <a href="http://www.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/index-j.html"></a> Firefox <a href="url"> </a> URL public html public html hogehoge.html HTML <a href="hogehoge.html"></a> 6.4 public html picture.jpg JPEG <img src="picture.jpg"> <a href="hachi.jpg"></a> Firefox HTML 6.5 83
order deny,allow deny from all allow from 133.41. allow from 202.13.220. public html ().htaccess 133.41. 202.13.220. IP 7 AuthUserFile /home/b012345/.htpasswd AuthGroupFile /dev/null AuthName "Please enter username and password" AuthType Basic require valid-user /home/b012345/ public html.htaccess hogehoge 8 Gnome htpasswd -c.htpasswd hogehoge hogehoge.htpasswd -c.htpasswd.htaccess public html.htaccess.htaccess 7 ( ) Gnome pwd 8 84
6.6 Web Accessibility http://www.w3.org/wai/ Web Accessibility Universal Design 85
7 Web Firefox MS Office StarSuite 1 ICE Linux C, Pascal, Fortran, Java, Perl, Ruby Perl Perl Web CGI Perl UNIX BASIC C lex UNIX (Perl, ) 7.1 (gedit) Hello! 01: print "Hello!\n"; 01: Hello! \ 2 1. gedit sample.pl 2. GNOME (GNOME ) 3. GNOME $ 1 2 \ (backslash ) 86
$ perl sample.pl Hello! OK 7.2 01: print "Hello!\n"; 02: print "Input any number:"; 03:$num=<>; 04: print "Your number is $num"; 01: 7.1: sample.pl GNOME perl sample.pl 4 ; ( ) 1 1 print print "Hello\n" \n 3 2 print 3 num ( ) 3 \ 87
7.2: GNOME Perl $ ( ) 4 "Your number is $num" ($num) 1 7.3 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 1 5 Perl 01:$s=1+2+3+4+5; 5 10 500? 500 1. s 0 2. i 1 3. s i s 4. i 1 5. i 5 3. Perl 88
1:$s=0; 2:$i=1; 3: do{ 4:$s=$s+$i; 5:$i=$i+1; 6:}while($i<=5); 5 10 5000 do{...}while(...); Perl while(...) do 4 Perl = = = $s = sample.pl 01: print "Hello!\n"; 02: print "Input any number:"; 03:$num=<>; 04: print "Your number is $num"; 05: 06:$s=0; 07:$i=1; 08: do{ 09:$s=$s+$i; 10:$i=$i+1; 11:}while($i<=$num); 12: 13: print "1+2+..+$num = $s\n"; 1 GNOME perl sample.pl 7.4? 1 sample.pl 6 9 89
01: print "Hello!\n"; 02: print "Input any number:"; 03:$num=<>; 04: print "Your number is $num"; 05: 06: if($num<0){ 07: print "Negative!\n"; 08: exit; 09:} 10: 11:$s=0; 12:$i=1; 13: do{ 14:$s=$s+$i; 15:$i=$i+1; 16:}while($i<=$num); 17: 18: print "1+2+..+$num = $s\n"; 6 if(...){..} (...) {...} ($num) 0 Negative! exit exit $num<0 ( 0 ) 11 7.5? 90
Perl Perl UNIX C 01:#include <stdio.h> 02: 03: main(){ 04: int num,s,i; 05: 06: printf("hello!\n"); 07: printf("input any number:"); 08: scanf("%d", &num); 09: printf("your number is %d\n", num); 10: 11: if(num<0){ 12: printf("negative!\n"); 13: return 0; 14:} 15: 16: s=0; 17: i=1; 18: do{ 19: s=s+i; 20: i=i+1; 21:}while(i<=num); 22: 23: printf("1+2+..+%d = %d\n",num,s); 24: 25:} gedit sample.c GNOME $ gcc -o sample sample.c $./sample C gcc sample ()./sample Graphical User Interface (GUI) 91
8 OS ˆ CPU : ˆ () : ˆ : ˆ : ˆ : ˆ : ˆ ˆ OS OS OS OS Linux Windows OS OS OS OS (1) (2) 8.1 CPU 92
Linux GNOME top load average 3 (Process Task) 1 5 15 (load average) CPU 1 1 1 w uptime 3 Cpu(s) CPU CPU 4 KB Linux free q top free b012345@imcw-002:~$ free total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3346456 2284952 1061504 0 852 1344376 -/+ buffers/cache: 939724 2406732 Swap: 0 0 0 bufferscached Swap ICE Linux Swap 0 Windows Windows Ctrl Shift Esc CPU 93
8.2 top Linux Gnome b012345@imcw-002:~$ ps u USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND b012345 2050 7.2 0.1 5656 3452 pts/0 Ss 13:32 0:00 bash b012345 2073 0.0 0.0 2980 1044 pts/0 R+ 13:32 0:00 ps u X Window System ps x b012345@imcw-002:~$ ps ux USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND b012345 1726 0.0 0.1 23624 2700? Sl 13:31 0:00 /usr/bin/gnomeb012345 1744 0.2 0.3 25824 6960? Ssl 13:31 0:00 gnome-session b012345 1777 0.1 0.1 15804 2940? Sl 13:31 0:00 /usr/bin/ibus-d b012345 1781 0.0 0.0 3284 356? Ss 13:31 0:00 /usr/bin/ssh-ag b012345 1784 0.0 0.0 3384 752? S 13:31 0:00 /usr/bin/dbus-l b012345 1785 0.3 0.0 3192 1448? Ss 13:31 0:00 /bin/dbus-daemo b012345 1786 0.0 0.1 8352 3320? S 13:31 0:00 /usr/lib/ibus/i b012345 1788 0.6 1.1 52552 20932? S 13:31 0:00 python /usr/sha b012345 1790 0.0 0.3 16820 6088? S 13:31 0:00 /usr/lib/ibus/i b012345 1794 0.4 0.2 7360 4404? S 13:31 0:00 /usr/lib/libgco b012345 1795 0.3 0.9 50388 16920? S 13:31 0:00 python /usr/sha b012345 1802 0.2 0.5 88880 9404? Ss 13:31 0:00 /usr/lib/gnome-... 94
Windows Ctrl Shift Esc 8.3 USB CD-R CD-RW ICE CPU USB CD-R CD-RW Linux Gnome df c1331002@imcw-002:~$ df -kt 1K- % 133.41.22.39:/export/linfs/netboot/image3 nfs 1681358848 345381440 1335977408 21% / none devtmpfs 1670676 276 1670400 1% /dev none tmpfs 1673228 392 1672836 1% /dev/shm none tmpfs 1673228 88 1673140 1% /tmp none tmpfs 1673228 120 1673108 1% /var/run none tmpfs 1673228 0 1673228 0% /var/lock none tmpfs 1681358848 345381440 1335977408 21% /lib/init/rw none tmpfs 1673228 0 1673228 0% /var/tmp none tmpfs 1673228 0 1673228 0% /media none tmpfs 1048576 623832 424744 60% /ram /dev/sda5 ext3 5170664 148260 4759744 4% /var/log-hdd kb du b012345@imcw-002:~$ du -k 8./.liece 24./.xemacs 8./.gconf/desktop/gnome/applications/window_manager 12./.gconf/desktop/gnome/applications 8./.gconf/desktop/gnome/file_views 8./.gconf/desktop/gnome/background 8./.gconf/desktop/gnome/url-handlers/mailto... du -k KB 95
ICE Windows OverDisk USB CD-R CD-RW USB Windows (Z:) 96
8.4 OS Linux Linux Linux UNIX Windows Windows OS NTFS FAT Windows ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ 97
9 Web 9.1 IP IP 133.41. 133.41. IP IP IP IP Linux GNOME ifconfig 1 b012345@imcw-002:~$ /sbin/ifconfig eth0 Link encap: 00:16:97:9e:18:b7 inet :133.41.25.9 :133.41.25.255 :255.255.255.0 inet6 : 2001:2f8:1c1:209:216:97ff:fe9e:18b7/64 : inet6 : fe80::216:97ff:fe9e:18b7/64 : UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 :1 RX :2309440 :0 :216 :0 :0 TX :2036251 :0 :0 :0 :0 (Collisions):0 TX :1000 RX :1858196141 (1.8 GB) TX :735292518 (735.2 MB) :f0500000-f0520000 lo Link encap: inet :127.0.0.1 :255.0.0.0 inet6 : ::1/128 : UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 :1 RX :1054 :0 :0 :0 :0 TX :1054 :0 :0 :0 :0 (Collisions):0 TX :0 RX :69480 (69.4 KB) TX :69480 (69.4 KB) 1 b012345@imcw-002: $ /sbin/ifconfig 98
eth0 16 2 6 3 inet IP Windows IP IP IP Linux GNOME arp -a Windows arp IP 192.168. 10.0. IP 192.168. IP IP 133.41. IP IP IP ( IP ) 99
9.2 IP IP TCP/IP Linux GNOME ping -c 4 localhost Windows ping localhost () (localhost) localhost IP IP ping ping ping 9.3 IP IP IP IP 133.41. hiroshima-u.ac.jp hiroshima-u.ac.jp jp ac hiroshima-u IP Web IP URL http://www.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/index-j.html www.hiroshima-u.ac.jp Web Linux Gnome IP host www.hiroshima-u.ac.jp 100
Web IP 133.41.4.55 2 IP host 133.41.4.55 9.4 computer Book 2 IP 101
? Linux Windows ICE ICE (imac ) ICE () Emacs UNIX UNIX OS Chromium Web Browser Google Firefox Mathematica SciLab Gnuplot Tgif Inkscape Eclipse 2, 3 Adobe Acrobat PDF (Windows) Cygwin Windows UNIX ICE Linux ICE Windows () 102
10 20 imac 2 imac Apple ilife ( imovie GarageBand ) iwork ( Pages, Numbers, Keynote) Adobe Master Collection (Photoshop, Illustrator, InDesign, Flash Pro, Premiere... ) Finale 103
& ( ) 104
A 2 3 Firefox 1. Firefox 2. ID( ) () 3. OK 4. 3 () 105
B (USB CD-R ) USB CD-R/RW 4 USB USB USB USB (...) USB () USB 10 Linux USB USB USB USB USB USB USB Windows USB ( ) 4... 106
Linux Windows USB USB CD-R/RW CD-R CD-ROM 700MB CD-RW CD-R 1000 CD-R CD-R CD-RW CD-R Linux Windows CD/DVD CD-R CD-RW USB USB 107
APOP, 17 CD-R/RW, 106 CIFS, 16 Firefox, 12 gedit, 38 Gimp, 71 HTML, 13, 79 IMAP4, 17 LDAP, 16 Microsoft Excel, 60 Microsoft PowerPoint, 67 Microsoft Word, 50 Nautilus, 44 NFS, 16 OpenDocument, 51, 77, 78 OpenOffice.org, 75 POP3, 17 Proxy, 16 SMTP, 17 typist, 10 URL, 12 USB, 106 WAI, 85 WebCT, 4 WWW(World Wide Web), 12 WWW, 18, 9, 44, 67, iv, 6, 16, 86, 83, 15, 12, 91, 17, 12, 79, 37, 48, 106, 43, 16, 8, 9, 42, 14, 41, 91, 86, 9, 9, 16 C, 91, 55, 13, 62, 9, 81, 8, 42, 45, 44, 37, 37, 14, 8, 75, 23, 16, 6, 46, 7, 105 Perl, 86, 72, 70, 60, 37, 16, 16, 49, 9, 44, 15, 44, 38, 67, 86, 86, 70, 44, 44, 12, 10, 56 108
, 17, 40, 7, 71, 13, 46, 46, 57, 74, 6, 8, 6, 51 109