M2TB rev. 3.5.2 Multichannel Monitoring Tutorial Booklet 2 nd Edition With eference to and the surround monitoring functions of the Yamaha DM2000, DM1000, and 0296 digital consoles May 2005 rev. 3.5.2 2005 YAMAHA orporation 2005 SONA orporation

2ch FE (SUB) FE (SUB) 3-1ch S 5.1ch S S 6.1ch S S (BSl) BS (BSr)

Multichannel Monitoring Tutorial Booklet (M2TB) rev. 3.5.2

S t ( total) t ( total) tt S tt (FE) S S t ( total) t ( total) (+FE) (+FE) S S

FE S S BS FE St St FE S S BS StSt S S S DVD-VideoDVD-Audio FE FE FE S S S S S S DVD-VideoDVD-AudioSuper Audio D

FE S S BS FE S S BS DVD-Video FE S S BS

Multichannel Monitoring Tutorial Booklet (M2TB) rev. 3.5.2

All-pass level FE : approx. 89dB ===S=S : 85dB S=S=-3dB : 82dB 1/3 octave band level FE : approx. 81dB ===S=S : approx. 71dB S=S=-3dB : approx. 68dB Input Signal Wide-band Pink Noise approx. 0VU (-20dBrms) 90 FE 80 +10dB SP [db] 70 ==, S=S=BS (5.1ch, 6.1ch) S=S (3-1ch) 60 20 120Hz 50 AP() 20 31.5 50 80 125 200 315 500 800 1.25k 2k 3.15k 5k 8k 12.5k 20k 1/3 octave band center frequency [Hz]

90 All-pass level FE : approx. 89dB == : 85dB S=S=-3dB : 82dB 1/3 octave band level FE : approx. 81dB == : approx. 71dB S=S: approx. 68dB Input Signal Wide-band Pink Noise approx. 0VU (-20dBrms) SP [db] 80 70 FE 20 80Hz : DTS +10dB == S=S 60 20 120Hz : Dolby 50 AP() 20 31.5 50 80 125 200 315 500 800 1.25k 2k 3.15k 5k 8k 12.5k 20k 1/3 octave band center frequency [Hz]

db 4 0-4 -8-12 -16-20 urve X of B-hain : SMPTE 202M-1998 40 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1k 1.25k 1.6k 2k 2.5k 3.15k 4k 5k 6.3k 8k 10k 12.5k 16k 1/3 octave band center frequency [Hz]

Multichannel Monitoring Tutorial Booklet (M2TB) rev. 3.5.2 All-pass level FE : approx. 79dB (20-120Hz) ===S=S : 85dB 1/3 octave band level ===S=S=FE : approx. 71dB Input Signal Wide-band Pink Noise approx. 0VU (-20dBrms) 90 80 SP [db] 70 FE (if 20-120Hz) ±0dB 60 50 AP() 20 31.5 50 80 125 200 315 500 800 1.25k 2k 3.15k 5k 8k 12.5k 20k ===S=S (5.1ch / 6ch) Full-range 1/3 octave band center frequency [Hz]

5.1ch Master Att1 FE - S Att2 S Att2 2ch Down-mix o =Att1Att2S oatt1att2s Meta data : Dolby DIGITA Att1 0.707 (-3dB), 0.596 (-4.5dB), 0.500 (-6dB) Att2 0.707 (-3dB), 0.500 (-6dB), 0.000 (-db) Default Att1Att20.707 (-3dB) Fixed : DTS Att1Att20.707 (-3dB) 5.1ch Master -3dB FE - (90-degree phase shifted) S -3dB (90-degree phase shifted) S -3dB 2ch Down-mix t =+0.7070.707(SS) t0.7070.707(ss)

5.1ch Master Att1 FE - S Att2 S Att2 2ch Down-mix Att3 o =Att3(+Att1Att2S) Att3 oatt3(att1att2s) Meta data Att1 0.707 (-3dB) Att2 0.707 (-3dB), 0.500 (-6dB), 0.354 (-9.0dB) 0.000 (-db) Att3 0.707 (-3dB) Default Att1Att2Att30.707 (-3dB) 5.1ch Master -3dB FE - S Att S Att 2ch Down-mix -3dB t =0.707 (+0.707 Att (S+S)) -3dB t=0.707 (+0.707 +Att (S+S)) Meta data Att 0.707 (-3dB), 0.500 (-6dB), 0.354 (-9.0dB) 0.000 (- db)

Multichannel Monitoring Tutorial Booklet (M2TB) rev. 3.5.2 5.1ch Master + / - + / - + / - + / - FE + / - + / - S + / - + / - S + / - + / - Phase Att1 Att7 Att8 Att2 Att3 Att9 Att4 Att10 Att5 Att11 Att6 Att12 2ch Down-mix mix =Att1±Att2±Att3 ±Att4FE±Att5S±Att6S mix ±Att7Att8±Att9 ±Att10FE±Att11S±Att12S Meta data Att1Att12 1.000 (0dB) 0.001 (-60dB), 0.000 (-db) 0.2dB-step 0-40dB 0.4dB-step -40-60dB Default N/A

S 60 100 120 110 S,, 1.2m <15 S,S ±

Screen B A B d 60 S S A : 33 ( HDTV) or 48 ( B : 13.5 ( HDTV) or 6 ) d : 3 H ( HDTV) or 2 H ( H ; Height of the screen)

Multichannel Monitoring Tutorial Booklet (M2TB) rev. 3.5.2

Audio Video 60 45 S S S S

ダイレクトサラウンド ディフューズサラウンド SUB SUB S S S S + = S S S S S S ITU (100 120 ) 135 150 長 所 短 所

Multichannel Monitoring Tutorial Booklet (M2TB) rev. 3.5.2 ± 110 ± 10 135 150 S S ± ±

side 135 100 150 S rear S

S1 60 60 S1 150 S2 S2

Dialog for Audio with video images for Audio for Audio with video images for Audio Dialog 7deg. >

Multichannel Monitoring Tutorial Booklet (M2TB) rev. 3.5.2 / vs vs S/S / / S/S S/S

85 Frequency responses oom plan 6.7m 6.2m elative SP [db] 80 P2 75 P4 70 P1 65 P3 60 25 20 16 31.5 40 80 63 50 100 125 1/3oct. band frequency [Hz] 160 200 250 P2 P4 P3 P1 Sub-woofer Measured position 7.6m 6.4m 1.3m Single source (80Hz) 1.3m Double source (80Hz) 1.3m 1.2m 1.3m D = 7m W = 5m D = 7m W = 5m

θ θ θ θ θθ θ θθ θ S θ, 30deg θ S,S 110deg S (-25cm) S θ S,S Monitoring distance; r [m] θ, θ, θ S,S (+25cm) S Off-axis error ; θ = θ - θ [degree] +15 +10 +5 0-5 -10-15, S, S 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 critical robust Forward 25cm Backward 25cm Monitoring distance; r [m]

α α S SP(r) 30deg SP(r) SP(r) SP(r) 110deg SP(r) S SP(r ) (-25cm) S SP(r ) SP(r ) Monitoring distance; r [m] Small room; r = 1.5m arge room; r = 4.0m SP(r ) SP(r ) (+25cm) S eduction of SP; SP(r ) [db] Q=2 0-5 -10-15 -20-25 SP=1.8dB -30-35 Small room r=1.5m, 3.5m W x4.0m D x2.2m H, α ave =0.6 arge room r=4.0m, 10m W x4.0m D x2.2m H, α ave =0.6 SP=0.8dB 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 Distance from the loudspeaker [m]

Multichannel Monitoring Tutorial Booklet (M2TB) rev. 3.5.2 例 1 例 2 S FE (SUB) S FE (SUB) S S A B 距 離 差 0mm 8mm 30cm 1m 10m 時 間 差 0msec 0.02msec 1msec 3msec 30msec 例 1) A =,, S, S B = 例 2) A =,, B = S, S コムフィルタリング ハース 効 果 サブウーファー 2つの 音 に 分 離 db db A + B f サラウンド パンへの 障 害 偏 ったディフューズサラウンド db f f 1msec=1/1000sec

Multichannel Monitoring Tutorial Booklet (M2TB) rev. 3.5.2

Multichannel Monitoring Tutorial Booklet (M2TB) rev. 3.5.2 A S B S S S S S,S S S,S,, S,S,,,,

Multichannel Monitoring Tutorial Booklet (M2TB) rev. 3.5.2 FE S S +10dB HPF HPF HPF PF HPF HPF SUB S S

+20 elative SP [db] +10 0-10 FE +10dB SUBWOOFE,,, S, S, BS MAIN SPEAKE -20 20 31.5 50 80Hz 125 200 315 500 800 1.25k 2k 3.15k 5k 8k 12.5k 20k 1/3 octave band center frequency [Hz]

SP [db] 85 80 75 70 65 10dB? FE 60 55 20k 16k 12.5k 10k 8k 6.3k 5k 4k 3.15k 2.5k 2k 1.6k 1.25k 1K 800 630 500 400 315 250 200 160 125 100 80 63 50 40 31.5 25 20 16 1/3oct. band frequency [Hz]

SP [db] 85 80 75 70 65 10dB FE 60 55 20k 16k 12.5k 10k 8k 6.3k 5k 4k 3.15k 2.5k 2k 1.6k 1.25k 1K 800 630 500 400 315 250 200 160 125 100 80 63 50 40 31.5 25 20 16 1/3oct. band frequency [Hz] 15 10 SP [db] 5 0 16 20 25 31.5 80 63 50 40 1/3oct. band frequency [Hz] 100 125 160 15 SP [db] 10 5 0 16 20 25 31.5 100 80 63 50 40 1/3oct. band frequency [Hz] 125 160

FE S S AMP HPF HPF HPF PF2 PF1 HPF HPF SUB S S

+20 elative SP [db] +10 0-10 FE +10dB SUBWOOFE +10dB?,,, S, S, BS MAIN SPEAKE -20 20 31.5 50 80 120Hz 200 315 500 800 1.25k 2k 3.15k 5k 8k 12.5k 20k 1/3 octave band center frequency [Hz]

Multichannel Monitoring Tutorial Booklet (M2TB) rev. 3.5.2 Dolby, DTS, MPEG-2( AA), etc. DVD-Audio, Super Audio D etc. Decode FE S S AMP Att Att HPF HPF HPF PF HPF HPF SUB S S Dolby, DTS, MPEG-2( AA), etc. DVD-Audio, Super Audio D etc. Decode FE S S AMP Att Att PF SUB(FE) S S +10dB: DVD-V +/-0dB: DVD-A / Super Audio D

Dolby A-3 etc. Decode FE S S Att Att -10dB HPF HPF HPF PF2 PF1 HPF HPF SUB S S Dolby A-3 etc. Decode FE S S Att Att PF2 SUB S S

Main BUS 2 3-1 S 5.1 fess 6.1 fess Bs ec. BUS To ecorder Monitor BUS ATT HPF PF +10dB DY ATT EQ SUB S S BS Monitor matrix Bass management controller Monitor alignment Multichannel formats Bass management Playback environment

Multichannel Monitoring Tutorial Booklet (M2TB) rev. 3.5.2

VU 01.5dB Mixing onsole Pinknoise db (-14) Band level [db] 80 70 TA MAIN FE MAIN FE MAIN FE 12.5 20 31.5 50 80 125 10k 20k 1/3oct. band center frequency [Hz] Pinknoise -20dBrms (-20dB=0VU) MAIN FE +10dB PF 85dB 95dB (89dB) To ecorder SP meter

10 Gain [db] 0-10 -20 F -30-40 A 20 31.5 50 80 125 200 315 500 800 1.25k 2k 3.15k 1/3 octave band center frequency [Hz] 5k 8k 12.5k 20k

90 80 All pass level : 85dB 1/3 octave band level : approx.71db SP [db] 70 60 50 40 90 80 Wide band All pass level : 85dB 1/3 octave band level : approx.71db Narrow band All pass level : 85dB 1/3 octave band level : approx.72db 70 60 50 40 AP() 20 31.5 50 80 125 200 315 500 800 1.25k AP() 2k 20 3.15k 31.5 5k 8k 50 12.5k 80 125 200 315 500 800 1.25k 20k 2k 3.15k 1/3 octave band center frequency [Hz] 5k 8k 12.5k 20k SP [db] 1/3 octave band center frequency [Hz]

90 80 Wide band All pass level : 85dB 1/3 octave band level : approx.71db 500Hz-2kHz All pass level : approx. 80dB 1/3 octave band level : approx.71db SP [db] 70 60 50 40 AP() 20 31.5 50 80 125 200 315 500 800 1.25k 2k 3.15k 5k 8k 12.5k 20k 1/3 octave band center frequency [Hz]

10 Pink noise generated by DM2000, DM1000, O296 Wide range 500-2k [dbr] 0-10 -20-30 -40 10 12.5 16 20 25 31.5 40 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1k 1.25k 1.6k 2k 2.5k 3.15k 4k 5k 6.3k 8k 10k 12.5k 16k 20k 25k 1/3 octave band center frequency [Hz]

Multichannel Monitoring Tutorial Booklet (M2TB) rev. 3.5.2 Main channels All pass level : 85dB 1/3 octave band level : approx.71db 90 S / S for 3-1 and Movie program All pass level : 82dB 1/3 octave band level : approx.68db FE channel All pass level : approx.89db 1/3 octave band level : approx.81db 80 70 60 50 40 AP() 20 31.5 50 80 125 200 315 500 800 1.25k 2k 3.15k 5k 8k 12.5k 20k SP [db] 10dB 1/3 octave band center frequency [Hz] 90 Main channels All pass level : 85dB 1/3 octave band level : approx.71db FE channel (20-120Hz) All pass level : approx.79db 1/3 octave band level : approx.71db SP [db] 80 70 60 50 Full range is also available. 40 AP() 20 31.5 50 80 125 200 315 500 800 1.25k 2k 3.15k 5k 8k 12.5k 20k 1/3 octave band center frequency [Hz]

Multichannel Monitoring Tutorial Booklet (M2TB) rev. 3.5.2

90 80 hannel A A+B Difference [mm] hannel B [msec] 344 1.0 172 0.5 86 0.25 omb filtering effect 43 22 9 0.13 0.06 0.025 SP [db] 70 60 50 40 AP() 20 31.5 50 80 125 200 315 500 800 1.25k 2k 3.15k 5k 8k 12.5k 20k 1/3 octave band center frequency [Hz]

[1] Multichannel stereophonic sound system with and without accompanying pictures, ecommendation ITU- BS. 775-1 (1992-1994) [2] Method for the subjective assessment of small impairments in audio systems including multichannel sound systems, ecommendation ITU- BS. 1116-1 (1994-1997) [3] Koichiro Hiyama, Setsu Komiyama, Kimio Hamasaki, The minimum number of loudspeakers and its arrangement for reproducing the special impression of diffuse sound field, AES 113th onvention, os Angels, preprint (2002) [4] Masataka Nakahara, Akira Omoto, oom acoustic design for small multichannel studios, AES 24th International onference on Multichannel Audio, Banff, preprint (2003) [5] Masataka Nakahara, Atsuro Ikeda, Shin-ichi Ueoka, Hisaharu Suzuki, Akira Omoto, On the loudspeaker layouts for multichannel studios, AES 11th egional onvention, Tokyo, preprint (2003) [6] Hisaharu Suauki, Akira Omoto, Kyoji Fujiwara, Diffuseness and the sound pressure distribution in an enclosure, AES 11th egional onvention, Tokyo, preprint (2003) [7] Multichannel surround systems and operations, AES Technical council document, ESTD1001.0.01-05 [8] (2001) [9] (2001, 2004) [10] Vol.103-108 (2001-2002) [11] DVD-Video (2003) [12] AES http://www.aes.org/ http://www.aes-japan.org/ [13] AIB http://www.arib.or.jp/ [14] Dolby lab. http://www.dolby.com/ [15] DTS http://www.dtsonline.com/ [16] DVD http://www.dvdaudio-net.com/ [17] DVD Forum http://www.dvdforum.org/ [18] ISO http://www.iso.ch/ [19] ITU http://www.itu.int/ http://www.ituaj.jp/ [20] SDDS http://www.sdds.com/ [21] Super Audio D http://www.superaudio-cd.com/ http://www.super-audiocd.com/ [22] SMPTE http://www.smpte.org/ [23] THX http://www.thx.com/ [24] Surround Terakoya by Mick Sawaguchi http://hw001.gate01.com/mick-sawa/

Multichannel Monitoring Tutorial Booklet (M2TB) 2 nd Edition May 2005 rev. 3.5.2 opyright 2005 Yamaha orporation opyright 2005 SONA orporation