6 章 中 国 および 周 辺 国 と 東 南 アジアの 舟 橋 浮 橋 1 1 ( 693 662 BCE) 690 ( ) ( ) 敫 ( ) 溳 (6 ) 2 11 ( ) 1973 3 2 1,200 棓 ( ) 1,200 蒺 120 2 (4.5m) 300 (BCE202 2CE) () ( ) 1 ( )( ) 3 1 12,500 3 37,500 1 5 ( 3,4m) 2 (4.5m) 8 ( ) ( ) 1
flying bridge( ) () 1 5 ( 3.4m) 2 (4.5m) 8 ( ) 潢 舡 潢 舡 ( ) 潢 舡 2 3 3 潢 潢 ( ) ( ) 鉏 潢 5 5 (BCE 135 BCE 93 ) 2 (BCE 91) 3 ( ) ( 537BCE) 541 ( BCE 251 BCE 306 251) 257 4 2
3 () 臏 13 (127 200 CE) (1137 1203) 5 6 黃 ( ) 黃 7 3 2 ( ) 202 (25 CE 220 CE) (8 CE) 8 9 10 35 ( 36 CE) (BCE 6 57 CE 25 CE 57CE) (1130 1200) 42 9 (33 CE) (8 CE 23 CE)(25 CE) (220 CE 280 CE) 11 16 (211)7 (Br ckenkopf, bridgehead) 12 ( 187 226 CE 220 226 CE) 223 ( 241) 13 (156 236) 3
(174 241) (233 94) 14 41 ( 168 221) ( 161 223) (155 220) 42 20 1 47 龐 48 龐 178 213 () 71 72 219 ( ) ( 227) ( 229)( 229) 15 86 223 (182 252) 224 10 20 ( 50) 3 87 91 3 (225) ( ) ( ) 4 洱 16 3 ( 24m ) 102 (181 234) (179 251) 9 100 5,000 107 17 249 108 15 (222 284) 18 19 274 ( ) 4
3 2 3 20 ( ) ( ) 5 () 21 ( 3 349) (335 348 22 23 5 24 ( 4 ( 1600m) ) 23 (47 CE) (25 CE 57) 25 19 11 (345) 3 ( 349) 漳 ( )220 349 420 ( ) (420 79) 1 772 481 12 242 30 (1988 89 ) 2 ( 1955 ) (1993 ) 3 (2002 ) () 1 10 ( 1955 ) 3 12 10 8 30 70 130 2000 6 22 (1997 ) 9 25 (1997 ) 4 (1643 1911) 5
5 8 (1174) 6 ( 2005 ) 7 10 著 ( 1979 ) 8 (BCE 159 BCE 87) 7 141 9 40 ( 16km 1 300 415m) ( ) ( ) (1996 ) 10 137 3 酈 (469 527) ( 2008 ) ( ) 21 ( 1974 ) 11 25 24 (233 297) 30 15 20 65 (190 CE) 3 (CE280) 100 6 (1003) 432 12 1 著 24 A (1992 ) 著 ( 1990 ) 13 ( 219) 14 ( ) 14 (1994 ) (1983 ) ( 1998 ) 著 ( 1983 ) 15 300km ( ) 16 洱 洱 ( )() 17 420km 6
24 18 280 280 2 ( ) 19 648 10 20 7 30 著 (1979 ) 1 ( 1971 ) 10 14 20 10 21 ford 22 5 (547) 23 著 ( 1990 ) 24 ( ) 11 (Luo Shui) 25 () 著 ( Vol.40 2000 ) 26 漳 ( ) 漳 7
1 2 (569 618) (605) 500m (541 604) 20 7 6 (BCE 500 BCE 300) 200 ( ) 1 2 8 3 ( ) 1709 16 11 (Mykē ) (dowels) 20 ( ) 875 884 907 2 2km 4 8
(618 907) (BCE600 BCE 500) 7 6 ( 712 756) 12 (724) 2 ( ) 2 4 ( 8 ) 7 7 4 ( 8 ) (713 741) 12 5 9 (722) ( ) 絚 1222 2 (1369) 11 (1506 21) 14 (1753 1620) 1989 91 ( ). 3 5 (838) 14 (847) (794 864) 840 8 13 5 ( ) ( ) 6 ( 310 ) 2 (Edwin O Reichauer 1910 90) 7 1 1 () 2 8 330 ( 300m) 2 (814 91) 9 15 3 (853) 2 (858) (847 918) 2 (902) 10 9
1064 1067 2 2 11 3 274 637 (816 819) (602 664) 12 3 (629)8 19 (632) 13 14 ()() ( ) ( ) 15 ( ) 16 2 (712-770) 13 (755)11 150km 500 坼 撑 窣 17 (1781 1848) (1805 49) 1848 ( ) 18 19 (605) 2 (598 649) 14 (640) 2 3 1 ( ) 2 (822) 3 16 10
3 ( )1989 7 91 ( ) 2 2 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3.3m 1.51m 26.1t 3.1m 1.66m 31.4t 3 4 3m 1.5m 43.5t 305m 1.52m 45.1t 146.1t ( 40cm 2.44m) ( ) 2 57.5t ( ) 88.5t 31t 7 ( ) 6 4 (4 ) 2 ( ) 4 ( 193cm) ( 65cm)4 2 ( ) 14 5 20 ( ( ) ) 2 11 1989 4 141 300 8 2 600 2 300t 1,366,200 ( 900 ) 21 11
4 1629 160 ( 50m) 30 36 2000 26 700 4 4 ( 685 762 712 56) 4 2 3 ( ) 7 954 40 6m 4.8m 5 (1916) 22 ( ) 15 90 12 ( ) 15 ( ) 2 (1653) 23 (1235 159cm ) ( ) 80cm 4 4 3 (1266 ) 4 9 ( ) ( 絚 ) 24 ( )( ) 12
14 3 ( ) ( ) ( ) () 3 5cm 3 5 8 10cm ( ) 25 20 ( ) 55N/mm 2 (5610kgf/cm 2 ) 3 180N/mm 2 (1,835kgf/cm 2 ) 385N/mm 2 (3,926kgf/cm 2 ) 1,760N/mm 2 (17,947kgf/cm 2 ) 50mm 100mm 26 10cm 1,200 ft.(360m) 3 (7.5cm) 1 1 1 1 2 ( ) (220 CE 280 CE) 1470 13
30 36 50m ( ) 2 4 1 1 (1996 ) 2 10 60 7 ( 16 ) 著 ( 1990 ) 3 (BCE 45 23 CE) 5 10 ( BCE74 BCE) ( ) 8 23 ( BCE5 57CE)25 36 ( ) 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 15 5 (838)7 ( ) 14 (847) 6 ( ) 7 O 著 ( 1999 ) 8 8 著 ( 1979 ) 9 (814 891) 3 2 (853 858) 5 15 ( 1934 ) 10 1 ( ) 1 72 ( 1972 ) 11 著 ( 1992 ) 著 12 (600 602 664) 629 13 1,2,3 著 ( 1990 ) 14 15 鄷 2 100 150 16 11 (605) 2 3 14
17 ( 1994 ) 18 ( )( )( ) 9 12 108 9 9 12 1 5 350 (514.5m) 650 (955.5m) 350 (514.5m) 550 (808 5m) 4 16 600 (882m ) 100 (147m) 1 1.47m 19 ( ) 灞 滻 汶 泬 潏 瀍 瀍 20 ( ) 21 著 (NTT 1995 ) 22 1 1 4 (1915 )10 15 5 (1917)4 1 7 1911 (1859 1916) 15 23 ( ) ( 1984 ) 24 著 ( 1970 ) 著 ( 2002 ) 8 10 著 ( 1978 ) K.G. 著 ( 1992 ) 25 (wire ) wir(twist) viere wei (to bend twist) 26 10mm (small stuff) 10mm 40mm (rope) 40mm (hoser) 60 80mm aa) (2007 )KA372-J6 15
1049 ( ) 1 2 ( ) 3 1158 1180 1221 ( ) 鄱 贛 贛 贛 3 400m 100 6 4 ( 927 976 960 976) 7 (974) ( ) ( ) 8 ( ) (960 112 ) (1082 1135 1100 1126) ( 汴 ) 5 10 17 (1147) 汴 4 汴 2 13 汴 6 12 ( ) ( 1100 25) 汴 3 ( ) 1050 130 240m 5m 1160 600m 閩 (1094) ( ) 2 7 10 ( 5.5km)120 23 (1153) (1215 1294) 8 1066 黃 ( ) 黃 9 (916 1125) (1115 1234) 1126 ( 1127 1162) 7 ( 1148) 16
(1131)9 ( ) ( ) 玠 磷 7 (1171) 86 518m ( ) (1174) 106 (1195) 70 (215 ) 24 () 283m(12 ) 5m 137 (7 ) 18 98m 518m 3 1988 8 (1181) 2 1 25 50 ( ) ( ) 1/100 15 (120 36 ) 6 20 15 (1188) 1964 280 5 2 2.2 (1125 1250) 6 (1170) 5 18 ( ) 夔 ( ) 10 19 (1106 94) 7 11 11 2 (961) (976 997) 7 24 ( ) ( ) ( ) 5 10 27 虁 ( ) (1126 1193) 4 (1178) 6 (1171)6 () 9 (1174) 12 8 2 4 () ( ) 1 100 ( ) 2,000 (1190 94) 漳 280m ( ) 7 (1214) 17
( 1224 64)(1237) 22m 1.7m 1.9m 200 22 23m 1.15 1,2m 120 ( ) 800 100.35m RC (1011 1081) 13 1072 3 1 3 ( ) ( ) 14 8 ) 15 2 10 1 (60 109m) (1031 1095) 埭 ( ) (1023 1031) 700 茰 16 17 ( ) ( ) ( 2 ) lock( ) bar( 壩 ) 壩 埭 汴 ( ) 1072 11 7 汴 16 21 (1036 1101) 3,800 30 3 (2104) (2121) (2308) (1127 1279) 17 ( ) (Khinzai ) 3,000 18
( 1126)( 1123 35) 12 (1134) 1234 1258 14 4 2.9m 2.98m 18 ( ) ( ) 5 ( ) ( ) ( ) 拖 () ( ) 1 (Kitai ) 4 5 潢 () 10 916 1115 (Khara-Kitai ) 1132 1211 Xilā 2 1038 1227 3 24 1345 30 33 8 45 著 ( 1938 ) ( 1975 ) 4 18 6 著 20 (1967 ) 5 著 ( 1966 ) 6 ( ) ( ) ( ) 汴 (cantilever: ) (Joseph Needham) 1971 soaring rising cantilever bridge 3 汴 著 ( 1975 4 ) 7(1139 1192) 19
8 1,2 著 ( 1970,71 ) 9 (1978 ) 10 著 ( 1986 ) 11 12 著 ( 2001 ) 13 (1011 1081) 1072 ( 4 ) 汴 ( ) 6 ( 1067 1085) 14 1072 汴 1 3 15 ( 581 604) ( 584) ( 604 18) ( 605) 邗 ( 605) ( 608) ( 610) 16 (1031 1095) 1,2,3 著 ( 1978 81 ) 17 5 8 18 20 1138 1276 ( ) 7 33 37 37 23 105 136 9 ( ) 80 ( ) 12 ( ) 7 ( 汴 ) 1 2 3 著 ( 2000 ) 18 著 (1991 ) 20
1 ( 1148 1227)1 (1218 1225) (Chinggis Khān 1162 1227) 1221 24 2 2 (Talas Mūren (Ili)) (Khojend Mūren) (Sir-Daria) (Samarukand)(Amu-Darya) 3 (1221 12 3 ) 2 4 1222 4 5 5 151 (1190 1224) 6 7 () ( Fuzhou( 151) 1 (1998 ) ( ) 閩 閩 20 1259 8 ( ) 7 ( 1295 1304) 8 ( 1304 16) (Rashīd al-din 1247 1318) 13 (David Morgan 1945 ) 8 13 1277 (1215 1294 1260 1294) 2 9 2 10 ( Tīmūr 1336 1405) 3 (Enrique 1390 1406) 21
1403 5 (C diz) 1404 4 ( Trabzon) (Tabrīz)(Teheran) (Balh) 1405 9 11 4 4 4km 12 4km 10 (Buhara) (Murugab) (Hari Rūd) 329 3 () 2 (1368 1644) 17 (1504) ( 10 ) 13 14 21 (1593)5 8 (1420 1506) (1467) ( ) 2 (822) 3 100m 5 (1372) (Lanzhou) 7 (4.2km) 9 (1376) 10 (6km) 18 (1385) 24 10 5.8m 3 52cm 1 8 (5.6m) 1 5 (47cm) 1 9.4 15 2 (Timurid Shāh 22
Rukh) 15 2 24 28 20 5 (3) (Gaspar Da Cruz 1570) 1556 29 16 16 112 19 20 2 2 21 (1644)11 4 48 (Primorskij kraj) (Kraskino) 15 1 3 (1646)6 17 10 11 灤 塼 (Tung Chou) 2 ( 220m) 3 5 (1740) 18 ( ) ( ) ( ) 23
19 1213 2 10 (1404 12 ) 2 ( ) (1505 21) ( ) 伙 1888 40m 1924 1936 2 (1852) 20 21 13 19 12 1957 3 1949 5 1 ( ) 18 (1148) 2 2 著 19 (1961 ) 3 (Mūren) (Ab i Amu) (Oxus) ( 2450km 48 ) 334 (2004) 2004 3 100km 4 CIS( ) 4 2001 3 EU CSI CIS(Cmmnwealth of Independent States) 4 (Chaghatai 1242) 24
151 1 5 210 24 1370 8 47 58 8 97 6 (1190 1244) 7 (Marco Polo 1254 1324 ) 1271 1275 (1215 1294) 17 1295 1298 99 著 (1980 ) 著 ( 1998 ) 8 著 (1993 ) 9 (Nestorius 450 ) 635 10 2 著 (1993 ) 11 著 ( 1979 ) 著 ( 1998 ) 12 1 13 ( 24 (1936 )) 28 著 (2004 ) 14 著 ( 1982 ) 15 (1369 1405) 4 (1409 47) 16 著 ( 2002 ) 17 ( 1908 ) ( 1942 ) ( 1990 ) ( 1991 ) 18 4 1966 19 ( 3 ) ( ) 36 334 20 1851 53 64 (Cherles George Gordon 1833 1885) 25
21 26
1 I(Desideri, Ipolito 1684 1733) (Lahore) (Kashimir) (Srinagar) 1715 6 (Leh) ( ) 1716 3 18 1 2 ( Tsangpo) 2 3 4 2 2 U 60cm U 20cm 1887 () 2 30cm 2 1.2m 45cm 1955 (1893 1986) 5 (1902 92) (Hunza) 6 (Skardu) V 3 2 V 1 ( ) 16 4 4 3 5 8 2 100 3 4 12 3 1 4 10 6 (1920 2010) 7 2 27
L ( ) 8 1899 The Yangtze Valley and Beyond ( ) 10 ( ) 120m 2 6 ( ) 涪 1895 10 15 65 () 2 ( ) (Wales) (Anglesey) (Menai Strait) (Thomas Telford 1757 1834)1826 15m (chain suspention bridge) (I bar iron chain) (Lewis Carroll 1832 98) (Through the Looking Glass)(Whait Knight ) (by boiling it in wine) 19 ( ) 9 24 37m 2.7 3.7m 40 100 10 ( ) (Ro-ta) ( ) 2 4 4 (2) ( ) 28
3 (1874 1893)(Grof Szechenyi Bela 1837 1918) 1877 4 10 () 9 7. 1879 2 1 ( ) 3 2 3 520 720m 1.55m 1 1.38m 1 5 (1.6m) 1.38 1 (pace:passus) 1.48m(4 ft 10 in) 1 2 450m 10 礱 3 1 80 ( 124m 1 1.55m ) 1 1.6m 1 (1 pedes) 4ft.10in.(1.48m) 10 1 1.35m 1.777m 1.555m 1 1.55m 1 31cm 1 5 2 2.5 (6.3cm) 3 6 (90cm 180cm) 1.55m 3.1m 200 1880 ( ) 12 140 ( 217m) 4 (6.2m) 18m 14 361 ( 108m) 9.5 ( 3m) 29
4 13 35 (1902)4 2 6 ( ) 5 14 10 15 2 () ( ) ( ) ( 859 ) 3 鄱 贛 贛 1 7 29 12 2 ( ) 5 a ( 撑 ) b c b (Gerber Tr (civil engineering) 1 1,2 I 著 F.D ( 1991 92 ) 2 (Burahmaputra) () 2,840 km 30
3 3 4 ( ) 4 300 (tamarix tenuissima) ( Salix koriyanagi) 1 5( 1956 ) 6 著 3 ( 1974 ) 7 著 (1956 ) 8 2 著 ( 2002 ) 9 300 2 1200 (370m) ( ) 10 1 2 3 著 ( 1992 1993 ) 11 400km 12 44 (1705) 13 9 4 2 14 1741 13 (1867 1954) 著 ( 1990 ) 14 (Joseph Needham 1990 1985) 2 21 15 10 著 ( 1979 ) 31
1,000 鄱 贛 贛 贛 贛 100km 9m 38 5m 1988 贛 1 3 5 (1916) 2 3 1912 2 7 2 1 25 2 1 (catamaran ) 2 3 3 18m 35m 6 210m 0.5m 2m 1 1995 11 445m 9.4m 2000 濼 17 2000 8 21 Asosociated Press(AP)(Xinhua )News (Luzhou) 4 Jinlong Yufeng 7 5 32
130 200km (Wuhan)5 1943 2001 2003 9 濼 ( ) 800m 3 500m 3 2,000m 3,000m 3 1979 2 2 (Sino-Vietnamese War) 6 (PLA People s Liberation Army) 1 (Engineering Corps) (connstruction division) (regiment)(pontoon bridge brigade) (regiment) (battalion) (battalion) (infantry division) (armoured devising) (The PLA Engineering Corps) 2005 4 6 2005 1,000m 6m 60t 2005 9 27 Daily News Channels(Chaina Military Online) 9 25 1,350m 40 2003 1 7 95 320km 2003 7 (Nanjing) 60 2005 4 100 ( Amur) 1970 2004 10 10 (Habarovsk) 40km 2003 200 900 2002 9 200m 1 33
60t 4 2 7 2008 7 21 2004 10 2004 11 (Argun) 1969 4,300km 2008 8 2003 10 13 45km 3 2006 2005 3 6 10 5 100 83 5 2 1m 4m 245m 6 10km NGO RENK () 2004 8 8 200 7 2 2007 10 1 著 (1989 ) 2 1 7 ( 1916 ) 3 (1984 ) 2 (Ch ā ) 3 (Wuhan) (Wujiang) (Hanyang) (Hankou) 3 Wuhan 34
13 840 (2009 ) 6 (1979 2 ) (Sino-Vietnamese War ) 7 2005 4 6 ( FSB2000 ) 170m 21 8 2005 9 27 Chaina Military Online 9 1969 3 ( ) 2004 10 11 (Argun ) 2008 7 8 14 1969 4300km 35
3 10 (1637) ( ) (1004 07) ( ) ( 772 816) 10 (815) ( ) 7 (1932) 1/25,000 3 0840 50 7 B ( ) 漳 2 19 (1944)6 7 B25 涪 涪 1895 10 15 65 36
1 32 (1899 ) 1 20 ( ) 2003 6 9 ( ) ( )( 樑 ) M3 27 ( ) 3 M3 8 ( 15 ) 50 (16.65m) ( ) 22 M3 2 ( ) 3 4 1394 ( ) 5 1910 1930 1933 6 19 20 7 (Ha noi) 2003 10 (Song Hong Red River) 37
(Choung Duong Bridge) 1 3.5t 18t 510m 60 (creek) 80 500 (the Death Railway) 8 (the River Kwai) 130km (Kanchana Buri) (Pierre Boulle) 8 2 (Le Poin de la Riv re Kwa the Bridge on the River of Kwai)1957 7,000 19 2 (1929) B C 2 (Oceania) (Australia) 1860 (Echuca) (Murray) (punt) 4 1872 Yarra 1875 (Bridge Hotel) 20 2 1943 (Huon Gulf) (Lae) (Markham River) 25 (7.5 ) m 5 (Tasmania)(Hobart) (Derwent River) 1943 12 6 1 12 24 2 123/4in(324mm) ( ) 40m m 3 38
8400m 3 12 2 (Floating Arch Bridge) 3154 feet(961 ) ft.6in(12.34m) 2 180ft(55m) 145 ft 6in(44.35m) 4 600 (450KW) 1964 (the Tasmania Bridge) (Melbourne)(Albert Park Lake) 3 F1 (Grand Prix) 4 (Panasonic Bridge) 1996 (Palau) (Koror Island) (Babelthuap Lsland) KB 1997 KB 2002 KB KB ( PC ) KG 1 著 ( 1899 ) PR 2 5 6 3 ( 1938 ) 4 3 4 5 著 (1992 ) 6 (2001 ) 7 2 著 ( 1994 ) ( 1992 ) (1979 ) 8 2 (Thailand) (Nonthaburi) (Myanmar ) (Gulf of Martaban) (Thanbyuzayat) 1942 7 43 10 17 1 3 415km( 263km 152km) 5 5 12,399 20 9 (La Plan te des Seiges Planet of the Apes) Monkey Planet ape monnky 10 4500m (Mt. Wilhelm ) 11 http://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/history/hobartbr.htm 39
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