(1 ) : 16 7 5
56 9 : TCP/IP 9.1 1. 2. LAN LAN 3. TCP/IP WWW 4. 9.2 ( ) 9.3 9.3.1 ( ) TSS
http://www.mech.kumamoto-u.ac.jp/ kuchi/j/cs.html 57 = 9.3.2 1 1 2 1 1 (RS-232C ) (modem, modulator-demodulator ) M M 9.1 1 1 1 1-31 = 31 1 1
58 9.3.3 LAN (local area network) ( ) ( ) ( ) LAN 9.2 4 LAN 2 LAN LAN - ( ) 32 peer to peer ( ) LAN 32 ( )
http://www.mech.kumamoto-u.ac.jp/ kuchi/j/cs.html 59 LAN LAN ( ) LAN 33 LAN LAN 10 BASE-5 LAN LAN = 9.3.4 LAN WAN(Wide Area Network) LAN ( ) LAN LAN 33
60 LAN1 LAN2 9.3 WAN (LAN ) LAN 3 LAN LAN WAN LAN LAN TCP/IP WAN 9.1 LAN ( ) ( ) OS ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Netscape
http://www.mech.kumamoto-u.ac.jp/ kuchi/j/cs.html 61 9.4 9.4.1 internet 1. (internet) (IP) IP 2. (the internet, Internet) 1. 2. Satellite The earth LAN Backbones The internet WAN 9.4 ( ) ( ) 9.4.2 1949 EDSAC = 1969 ( 3 ) 1988 ( 3 KDD ) 1993 LAN (KUIC) LAN IIJ 2004 10 KUIC 2 LAN 1000
62 9.5 LAN 9.5.1 LAN LAN (1973 ) (10 BASE-5, 10 BASE-2) (10 BASE-T) (10 BASE-FL) 10 BASE-T 10 Mbps (1 10 M ) FDDI (1982 ) CDDI 100 Mbps LAN ATM (1991 ) ( ) 155 Mbps 1.25 Gbps LAN ATM ATM IP (1992 ) 34 100 Mbps 100 BASE-TX 34 100 M bps 3 100 BAST-TX
http://www.mech.kumamoto-u.ac.jp/ kuchi/j/cs.html 63 (GbE) (1996 ) (1000 BASE-LX, 1000 BASE-SX) (1000 BASE-TX) 1 Gbps 40 Gbps LAN PC 1 1000 BASE-TX 100 BASE-TX (IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11g ) 35 35
64 RJ 45 9.5 LAN
http://www.mech.kumamoto-u.ac.jp/ kuchi/j/cs.html 65 9.5.2 LAN ( ) 1 9.6
66 (HUB 9.7 9.8
http://www.mech.kumamoto-u.ac.jp/ kuchi/j/cs.html 67 9.6 LAN CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detect) MAC 36 MAC MAC MAC ( ) 48 MAC 16 16 12 2 6 16 (:) 37 < > 0C:30:10:34:E9:2A 0C:30:10:34:E9:2B 10:32:01:9F:3E:F2 FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF MAC MAC 2 MAC 1 MAC MAC 24 (3 ) ( ) 24 MAC (uniqueness) MAC 38 36 MAC 37 (-) 38
68 A B C D NODE X X A >B BUS 9.9 CSMA/CD LAN CSMA/CD 1. ( ) 2. 3. ( ) 4. 1. 9.2 CSMA/CD 1. 3. 2. 3.
http://www.mech.kumamoto-u.ac.jp/ kuchi/j/cs.html 69 NODE A B C D BUS (a) A B C D NODE BUS (b) A B C D NODE BUS (c) A B C D NODE WAIT WAIT BUS (d) A B C D NODE RESTART WAIT BUS (e) 9.10 CSMA/CD
70 9.3 9.7 9.7.1 PC (hierarchy) OSI 7 TCP/IP 4 OSI 7 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. TCP/IP 4 5-7. 4. TCP/UDP 3. IP 1, 2.
http://www.mech.kumamoto-u.ac.jp/ kuchi/j/cs.html 71 Layer 5 Layer 4 Layer 3 Layer2 Layer 1 TCP UDP IP 9.11 9.7.2 IP IP TCP IP IP ( )
72 TCP TCP IP IP LVL2 ATM ID ID ID ID... 9.12 9.13 MEDIA 9.8 OSI (Layer 3) TCP/IP IP IP (source) (destination) IP
http://www.mech.kumamoto-u.ac.jp/ kuchi/j/cs.html 73 TCP UDP 9.8.1 IP IP IP IP TCP UDP IP IP ID IP IP 4 6 IP IPv4 IPv6 IP ( ) IP IP IP IP IPv4 4 IP 32 8 (.) 10 < >
74 133.95.123.1 fs1.mech.kumamoto-u.ac.jp CLASS B 8 133.95.123.100 PC 133.95.123.254 133.95.123.255 1 IP 133.95.123.0 0 127.0.0.1 10.0.0.1 193.231.43.212 CLASS C : ( ) 7 24 CLASS A 0 14 16 CLASS B 1 0 21 8 CLASS C 1 1 0 14 8 8 CLASS B 1 0 9.14 IP IPv6 IP 4 IP 32 ( ) 6 IP 128 IPv6 IP 16 (:) 16
http://www.mech.kumamoto-u.ac.jp/ kuchi/j/cs.html 75 0 1 < > fe80::a00:74ff:fe50:1dd9 (fe80:0:0:0:a00:74ff:fe50:1dd9 ) ::1 (0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 ( ) ) 9.8.2 IP MAC IP IP MAC MAC MAC MAC IP IP IP MAC ARP (address resolution protocol) A B C D NODE 1.2.3.1 X:X:..:X 1.2.3.2 Y:Y:..:Y 1.2.3.3 Z:Z:..:Z NOP NOP Q A Q Q Q 1.2.3.4 W:W:..:W A BUS Q: To:ALL From:X:.. ARP 1.2.3.4 A: To:X:. From:W:.. ARP 1.2.3.4 9.15 ARP IP MAC 9.8.3 ( ) IP
76 IP IP ( ) IP ( ) IP RIP OSPF IP 9.9 TCP UDP TCP UDP IP TCP UDP TCP UDP UDP UDP LAN ( ) 9.4 UDP LAN UDP UDP
http://www.mech.kumamoto-u.ac.jp/ kuchi/j/cs.html 77 9.1 ( WWW) : TCP UDP TCP UDP TCP(UDP) TCP UDP 1024 OS < > 9.1 well-known 21/TCP FTP 22/TCP SSH = 23/TCP TELNET 25/TCP SMTP 53/UDP DOMAIN DNS IP 53/TCP DOMAIN ( TCP ) 80/TCP HTTP WWW 110/TCP POP-3 post office protocol ver. 3 TCP UDP TCP( UDP) 9.10 smtp TCP
78 25 TCP 25 SMTP 39 well-know-port 9.10.1 SMTP TCP 25 PC POP-3 PC POP 3 TCP 110 PC 9.10.2 WWW World Wide Web HTTP HTML TCP 80 HTTPS HTTP SSL Web WWW URL (uniform resource locator) URL HTML HTTP 80 (URL ) Web HTML URL HTML 9.5 WWW 39 RFC (request for comments) SMTP RFC 821 ( RFC 2821)
http://www.mech.kumamoto-u.ac.jp/ kuchi/j/cs.html 79 9.10.3 DNS (domain name system) IP DNS DOMAIN IP FQDN Domain Name System UDP TCP 53 FQDN (fully qualified domain name) [FQDN ] server.mech.kumamoto-u.ac.jp fs1.mme.mech.kumamoto-u.ac.jp mail.stud.kumamoto-u.ac.jp www.mext.go.jp www.nhk.or.jp www.google.co.jp 9.10.4 FTP TELNET SSH secure shell ( ) 9.11 HUB
80 (MAC ) IP (IP ) IP TCP( UDP) (IP ) MAC IP 2 3 ATM HUB ( HUB ) IP src MAC addr. MAC dest MAC addr. src IP addr. dest IP addr. (a) (b) (c) 9.16 (a) (b) (c)
http://www.mech.kumamoto-u.ac.jp/ kuchi/j/cs.html 81 9.17 133.95.121.0 133.95.121.0 133.95.122.0 133.95.123.0 133.95.127.0 9.18 133.95.10.0 LAN 9.6
82 1. IP PPP SLIP PHS PC 2. IP IP (Web ) 3. LAN LAN 4. 5. PC LAN