.. 第 4 章 江 戸 文 化 と 舟 橋 浮 橋 10 1 5 (942) 2 11 (1258 ) 3 (1290) 3 22 (1947) 29 (1896)4 8 69 40 (1965) 4 ( ) 4 4 (1180)10 1310 (1256) (1203 76) 5 13 ( 1432 86) 17 (1485) 1 3 6 ( ) 1
( 7 1 2 ) V 12 (1829) 7 8 1558 69 14 (1586 17 (1589) 3 9 4 (1576) 14 6 (1603) (1594) 5 (1600 9 (1604) () 2 (1659) ( ) 2 2 5 9 (1838) 20 5 (1871) 40 6 (1693)12 8 (1695) 11 (1698) 12 16 (1703) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 9 2 7 3 (1774) ( ) 9 ( ) (1624) (1648 51) ( )( ) (1624 44) (1688 1704) 2
3 (1667)( ) 4 1719 1737 1815 10 6,7 (1794-5)( ) 11 300 12 2 5 10 8 13 (1728)9 14 1729 7 13 19 (1734) 800 11 (1698)( )( ) 100 4 (1719) 11 (1726) 2 3 (1774) 74 ( 133m) 3.5 (6.3m) closed stringer 23 84 1 2 9 (1838) 5 (1871) 30 20 13 4 (1807)8 19 ( ) 34 3 ( ) 10 5 4,300 14 48 (158.4m 2 )1 20 1 10 (37.5kg) 960 ( ) 9,600 (36t) 227.3kg/m 2 1 33 15 375kg/m 2 (3.7kN/ m 2 ) 1m 2 6 1 20 20 3
16 1 20 5.0kN/m 2 (510kg/m 2 ) 3.5kN/m 2 (357kg/m 2 ) 1 450 (45 ) 320 (32 ) () 5 (1600)7 3 18 (1613) 1613 1643 1648 1661 1663 1671 1672 1680 1 1682 5 (1688)7 21 17 1 300 20 6 10 17 (1804) (1778 1862) 18 13 (1842) 19 12 (1569)(1521 1573) (1590) 18 (1590) 5 (1688)7 (1850 1913) 20 5 (1834) 7 1716 36 4
3 3 (1662 1729)(1623) (1704) 8 (1868) T 1688 1868 180 3 10 ( )4 1 9 10 880 1976 2 942 3 (1971 ) 4 (1697 1769)( ) 著 (2005 ) 5 ( ) 1236 3 (1219) 5
(1984 ) 6 ( 1936 1939 7 ( 2000 ) 8 6 ( 1960 ) 9 2(1995 ) 10 (1787 98)(1798 1815) 1785 1815 67 6 7 (1794,5) 11 200 (400m) 300 (954m) 2 (1782) ( ) 12 160 13 3 (3 ) ( ) ( 1 2 ) 440 1,500 8 56 (1981) CD 2 7 (1988 ) 6
14 15 12 1 12 39 197 12 12 0.3m 2 / 300 250 1 0.1m 2 0.14m 2 1 33 16 15 10 1 2 2.3 5 7 /m 2 17 7 1987 18 (1777 1862 (1837 84) 19 著 24 ( 1909 ) 20 (1970 ) 2 3 GC58-174 ( ) 1 2,000 100 2 3 13 13 4 2 1656 1487 2 10 14 1609 3 9 08/01/23 42 60 100 7
13 2 20 1 10 1538 99 3 1594 1537 99 3 1594 10 1760 6 21 5 10 6 1756 3 4 6 9 1769 4 1 64 16.63_77 8 1668 3 1743 4 1764 9 7 3 1738 27 120 30 2,100 75 1,250 9 30 11 25 57 100 14 9 25 3 1783 7 11 35 8 7 18 4 (1808 9 17 2 9 4 7 9 17 2,3 9 27.8 2 10 ( )( ) 8
2 (1742) 7 (1715 1751) 2 25 ( 45 ) 10 2 15m 15m 11 15 12 2 (1742) 7 (1918) 13 16 (1941 8 2005 12 7 17 4 16 8 44 (1911) 44 (1911)11 14 50 28. 29. 16 (1639)7 4 (1647) 7 1 5 1600 3 20 1615 12 1635 1 4 6 2 1862 8 3 1 1997 1998 2000 2002 2 1993 3 4 1929 33 1959 1 18 1980 81 4 8 33 4 9
13 5 8 10 6 21 6 5 1735 4 6 4 6 7 7 8 9 30 8 9 3 9 11 4 9 17 10 7 1995 12 15 11 (1121 1206) 1 7 (28km) 180 1m 30m 84 100 12 (1725 89) 20 (1735)(1751) 13 14() 10
123 1 (1534 82( 3 (1575) 49 (1522 83) 6 (1578)3 ( ) 1 2 2 (1335) 3 1596 1625 4 5 () 48 48 6 190m ( 218m) ( 788 ) ()( ) ( ) 110 86 (155m) 3 (5.4m) 1.5 (45cm) 4 (12cm) 2 (1685) 7 101 ( 184m) 48 1 2 5 2 (1737) 8 105 ( 191m) 120 ( 218m) 520 ( 788m) 12 (1815) 9 120 ( 218m) 1 2 ( ) 140 ( 424m) 80 1 200 1 100 1 50 1 2 1 1 1 1 55 (17 ) 10 10 (1725) 1 35 40 1,400 11
40 10 11 9 (1838)8 14 ( ) 3 2 8 (1779) 9 4 ( 15m) 6 4 5 ( 2m) 2 5 ( 38cm)7.5 3 100 80 70 8 (1875) 15 (1882) 3 6 2 5 S 12 1814 2 13 ( ) 14 (1789)6 12
2 13 1 m 3 / km 2 km 10,150 249 350 3,079 86 3,990 128 80 3,693 20 2,930 116 132 3,221 22 2,700 120 212 6,413 49 1,280 168 2,683 2 2007 (1522 1583) (3 5 ) CE 274 L (1536 88) 7 (1579) 13 (1585) 15 ( ) 16 2 (1516 1614) 17 18 10 (1605)3 1605 16 (1639) 18 4 2 (1659) 15 10 (1605 ) 2 2 (1597) 4 (1599) 19 ( (1596)) 7 6 2 (11.5m) 4 2 (1.27m) / ( ) 9.04 ( 42 ) () 10 11 20 3 (1617) ( )32 160 (80 ) 32 32 13
32 8 (1631)3 13 (1568 1646)(1591 1647) 16 (1639) (1594 1658) (1617 74) 18 (1641) 31 1 80 21 4 1 8 (1631) 52 2 (1659) (1661) 7 (1667) 22 6 ( 11m ) 64 2 1 5 2 (97m) 1 2 (36cm) 3 ( 9cm) 32 3 4 5 2 9.7m 32 170 ( 310m) 110 120 (200 220m) 11 (1799) 2 200m 110 (200m) 1810 () () (34 47cm) 2 鏁 4 1 60 240 (436m) 153 (278m) 3 6 (1.1m) 4 8 (1.5m) 5 (1708) 11 23 24 2 2 () ( )( ) 2. 14
3 3 4 4 (1807) 9 (1772 1836 1801 35) 5 3 (1863) 7 ( 2.5m) ( ) 7 ( ) 1 3 70 25 100 20 20 15 55 15 20 25 60 5 7 27 ( 1 2 ) 64 (1661) 26 2 (1659) 8 (1668) 2 (1705) ( ) 27 ( ) 28 ( ) 2 (1597) 64 ( ) 2412 29 2 2 1 ( ) 2 2 2 2 7 (21cm) 2 2 2 2 15
( traceability 3 100 10 64 2 ( ) 1.2m ( ) 2 (4.5m) ( ) 30 ( ) 1m 1.5m 2 3 31 2 3 5 (36 48cm) 32 33 鏁 叚 赮 34 (1824 86) (1824 86) 35 ( ) 6 36 () ( ) 16
( ) (catenary) 37 5 ( ) 2 2 1 11 (1878)8 9 28 10 1 ( ) 38 39 800 300 400 ( ) 17
( ) 3 3 () 40 55 ()48 ( ) 2 48 () 7 208 (378m) 3.13.2 ( ) 208 50 45 55 120 48 110 109 107 96 48 (1751 63) (1842 94) 6 99 ( 180 ) 99 11 (1878)6 41 3 42 ( ) ( 1 )( 2 ) 8 (1680) 2 (1682) 18
5 (1665) 43 8 (1680) ( ) 8 (1681)2 3 10 ( 1665 1720) 4 8 (1680)9 20 2 () 44 13 (1728)7 26 2 (1737)7 16 45 15 250 1 507 6 (1873 110 (200m) 24 48 2 4 ( ) 1 2 ( 36cm) 960 (3.6kg) () ( ) 6cm 9 ( 2.6cm) 2.5 3 (4.5 5.4m) 294 18 2 12 12 24 48 5 艜 46 7 3 (38 11.5m) 6 ( 1.8m) 2.5 ( 76cm) 6.33 艜 13 (1816) 3 41 (12.3m) 6.83 艜 100 42 ( 39 ) 8 5.25 4.88 19
( ) 艜 ( 3 ) 80 L (1818) 3 ( ) 47 ( ) ( 27.0 19.0cm) 2 1 (1818) 1 5 4 14 ( ) 19 () 4 16 25 7 (21cm ) 3 45 46 200 1785 2 7 5 (1784)9 8 2 (1782) 5 (1785) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) () () 9 9 47 48 49 20
() ( ) () 12 (21.8m) 1 2 (2.4m) 9 ( ) ( 1/8 ) (1745 1818) 50 2 (1790) 51 ( ) 8 (1830 59) 5 1852 3 52 ( ) (1751) (1708 52) 53 ( ) 2 1 ( ) 150 ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 1 (889) 21
10 2 (1574) ( ) 2(1744 1818 著 (1873 1946 ( 1973 )[ 3 ] 3 ( 2000 ) ( ) 7. 2 1685 4 (1428 81) 3 5 18 1981 2 1986 6 8 1668 3 1 3.. 1982 (1971 ) 7 1 2 520 ( 780m) 200m 2 60m ( ) 8 著 2 ( 1955 ) 9 (1902 03 ) 5 ( 1958 ) 10 3 1 ( 1971 ) 3 4.. 11( 12 (1765 1831) 580 2 13 () ( ) ( )( ) 14 (1754 1806) 22
10 15(1983 ) [ 42 ] 16 8 11 17 (1537 99) 13 (1585) 3 ( ) 2 (1592) 3 5 (1600) 120 10 (1605) (1593 1658) (22 ) 14 (1609) 1614 (1617 74) 18( 著 (1996 ) 19(1936 ) 5 20 29 ( 11 6 3 ) 21 : 3 4 22 ( ) 23 4 (1645 1723) 4 3 24 1 2 (1679 1722 1706 22) 25 1 1 1 36 (135kg) 26 2 (1659) 8 (1668) 2 (1705) ( 10 27 42 28 ( ) 2 29 1 ( ) ( 1904 ) (1973 )[ ( 31 )] 30 5 3 7 (16.2m) 4 (752) 3 5 (1.06m) 100 (30m) 84 (1156 1185) 4 (1180)12 28 (1121 1206) 3 (1203) 23
5 (1.52m 6 (1.82m) 10 (1567)(1510 1577) 6 (1709) ( )( ) 1.2m 3 3m 60 146 3,200 2 3 ( ) 5 (1648 1705) (1648 1705) 6 (1709)3 ( 1979 ) 著 ( 1996 ) 著 (1996 ) 31 32 ( ) 33 (1752 1826) 34 (1125 1209) 53 姝 (2007 ) S.D 35 (1824 86)30 19 3 1856 30 6 36 3 24 37 (catenary) (chain) catena (pl.catenae) 38 ( 1878 ) 39 (1852 1914) 40 ( ( ) ( 12 ( ) 41 11 6 20 3 24
42 ( 4 ) 2 43 2 (1645) 11 (1841) 1 15 ( 1986 ) 16 (2005 ) 44 2 (1682)( ) 著 1 ( 1927 31 ) 45 2 著 (,1979 ) [ 31 43 ] 44 艜 25 ( 2001 ) 45 (1754 1829) 70 46 5( 1975 ) 47 (1726 1807) 8 (1788) 12 48 著 ( 1964 ) 49 10 (1633) 1 5 50 (1747 93) 5 (1793). 44 2 (1790)6 51 3 (1969 ) 52 著 1868 ( 4 7 )) [ ] 53(1706 66) (1708 52) (1751) 著 (1999 ) ( 1983 ) 25
1 30 ( )( ) 67 (69 ) ( ) () 130 ( 31,100 ) 1 6 (1721)7 2 27 (1894) 3 ( cantilever) 5 (1738) 4 2 (1742) 6 (1873) 25 (1892) ( )5 5 24 4 ( ) (1688 1704)( ) 3 (1867 ) 9 21 3 10 5 1 (1050 ) 26
( ) 7 (1874) 44 (79.2m) 2 (1802) ( ) 2 2 5 6 (1832) 46 8 6 7 8 2 2 2 ( )66 9 6 3 (1650) ( ) (4km) 400 (2) ( ) () 18 ( ) ( ) ( )4 ( ) 4 1 ( ) 2 27
6 9 14 4 ( 26.7m) 4 ( 8.5m) 3 11 (1878)7 10 4 3 4 11 4 3 1 ( ) 12 2 10 5 () 13 56 ( 101m) 3 1 4 ( ) 14 2 1 (63.6cm) 3 5 (10. cm) ( ) 7 ( 2 15 25cm 30cm 3 5cm 28
2 P 10. 11. 4 4 2 3 2 ( ) 4 ( ) 2 16 10 1 2 =1923 1 2 E 1 10 6 29
6 1 1. ( ) ( ) 17 24 ( 44m) 2 ( 4.5m) 8 1668 10 6 (1678) 7 (1694) 2 (1712) 18 45,800 35,000 10,800 ( ) 6 (1917) 17 1 ( ) 獼 ( ) 1 ( ) ( ) 19 ( ) 20 21 ( ) 22 ( ) 30
( )8km ( )( ) 23 1 ( ) 170m 3 ( cm) () 300m ( ) ( ) 1 4 5cm 3 15cm 10cm ( 4m 6m ) ( ) ( ) () 14 ( 獼 ) 獼 KK 9 2 (Actinidia aruquta) 24 獼 ( 3 1850) 25 () 26 13 ( ) 3 6 31
(2 )) 7 6 ( ( ) ) 6 ( ) 1 14 12 17) 1 42.5 (77m) 56 (101m) 29 (52m) ( ) 11 25.5 (46m) 20 (36m) 28 (50m)( ) 17.5 (31m) 8 (14m) 30 (54m) 7 753 1 108 ( 48 206 ) 45,800 206 ( ) 0.45 7 285.5 (514m)1 2.27 (69cm) 7 ( ) 182.5 ( 332 ) 26 ( 47 ) 1m 2.3 (753 332m) 12 56 (101.8m) 27 ( 49 ) 206 96 110 47 ( )() ( ) ( ) 15 18 (1638 41) 3 (1646) ( ) 27 6 1 7 28 3 (1657) 7 5 (1793) 13 12 (1815) 29 7 13 (1880) 9 44 (1911) 30 9 41 (1908) 31 2.18.1 9 11 20 4 2.18.1 32
( ) ( ) 7 10 ( ) 14 ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 ( ) 32 3 (0.9m) 5 (1.5m) 33
( ) 5 10cm 1 3 8. 12 1607 14 (1764) 157 18 9 1 4 ( ) 37 3 1 34
1 4 (1915) 12 (1923) 25 (1892) 33 ( 7mm ) 40m 30 83 (77 /m) 34 234m 937.5kg(1m 4 ) 237 50 1m 1 27 1m 30 15 35 m 6 3 83 200 4 31 1898 25 1950 2006 12 60,000 /JIS 6 9 10mm 200m 29,400 36 36 2 5 4 12 2 12 32 35
1 7 (1694) 36 24 10 (1798) 14 (1764) 14 (1764)188 5 (1992 ) 2 ( cantilever) () 閩 6 10 ( ( ) 2 (1662) 24 (1891) ( ) 3 () 19 7 59 1984 32 5.5m 31m 4 1997 1998 5 6 8(7 ) ( 1776) (1744 1748) 著 (2001 ) 7 ( 2 (1805) ) 17 2 (1981 ) 36
8 6 (3) 2 9 2 6 (1873) 20 10 著 ( 1992 ) 11 ( 1992 ) 12 ( 1714) 1690 ( 1688 ) 6 1693 11 4 (1714) (1644 1694) () 6 (1794) 13 (1816) () 13 14 Alnus japonica (thumb) Steud. 20m 15 著 ( 1982 ) 16 (Walter Weston 1861 1940) 1889 95 1902 05 1911 15 3 6 1896 著 1982 17 3 3 (1746) 400 (1917 ) 18 ( ) 48,500 150 300 19 20 () 8 ( 77cm) 90 (164m) 60 (109m) 60 2 6 21 22 5 (905) 4 (967) 50 23(1917 37
著 4 (1992 ) 24 ( ) (931 938) 10 (20 ) (1999 ) 25 21 ( 1989 ) 26 R 9 2 1. 4 3 27 ( 2000 ) 28 37 ( 2000 ) 29 12 1815 6 (1915 ). 16 (2004 ) 30 ( 1957 ) 31 (1916 ) ( 1965 ) 32 ( 1983 ) 33( 16 31 ) 34( 17 31 ) 35 (1985 ) 36 9 9 3 37( 1987 ) 38 ( ) 39 2 10. 3 3 9 38
1 80 119 ( ) 2 1 ( )( ) 2 ( ) 16 (1578) 39
(1465 1553) 34 3 4 2 1 7 2008 2 2,673 ( 17 ) 347ha( 192ha) 40
1 44 (1969) 2 4 T (1916 ) 53 (1978) 75m (729 49)(749 56) 3 8 8 (756) ( 748 758) 6 5 8 (841) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 ( ) (1501) 6 41
7 1 2 6 2 8 2 (1470) 2 12 (1727) ( )() 3 42
15 11 (1606) 9 ( 4 ) 119 ( ) ( )( ) ( ) 1 3 16 9 (1826) 6m 9 剗 ( ) ( ) 7km 14 15 10 3 11 (1661) 1 19 3 ( ) ( ) 12 ( ) 12 (1762) 22 (1909) 43
( 2 3 ) 29 ( 268m 12m) 4 12 (1553) 13 22 (1889) 6 26 11 (1936) 1 7 2 1 2 4 (1180)10 ( ) 14 15 14 (1586)3 18 17 (1589)2 8 19 (1591) (1644 1648) 3 (1713) 16 3 (William Adamus 1564 1620) ( 2 1 ) 1 1 ( 1516) 9 (1512) ( ) 38 2 (1186)3 12 9 (1198) 17 ( ) 19 (1591) 17 4 (1751)4 ( ) (7 ( 1778 92)) 17 44
3 [ ] 3 (1392) 18 ( ) 5 𡧃 6 ( ) ( ) ( ) 3 (1185 1256) 14 (1488 1565) (1532) 117 57 () ( ) ( ) ( 398 ) 13 10 19 ( ) ( ) 2 (1689)5 11 4 ( 48 ) 45
( ) ( ) 5 (1665) 22 (1889) 16 20 22 31 (1956) 19 (1591) 20 ( ) 9 (1790)(1747 93) 21 ( ) 20 ( ) 46
() 4 (1684) 3 22 ( ) 1400m 6 2 1 2 3 12 47
2,600 23 檥 2 (939)12 ( 930 46) 檥 檥 ( ) 24 檥 ( ) ( ) 25 3 (1774) 26 15 (1360)( 2 1339 1368) ( ) 3 (1594) 5 12 (1937) 79 ( ) 48
2 27 27 4 ( 8.2m) 2 1 ( 3.9m) 3 (1242) ( ship bridge boat bridge laft bridge pontoon bridge) (floating bridge) 28 10 (1637) 29 埏 ( ) 3 100 3 1240 (1450 ) 740 3 136 743 2 6 11 30 4 (1576)1 6 ( )( ) 31 ( 3 19 (1575 1614)) 6 (1601) 400 7 32 3 (1690)9 200 49
12 33 34 35 (1772) ( ) ( ) 13 (1842) 35 700 ( )( 1752) 3 (1743)3 2 (1752) 70 5 ( ) 3 (1675) 36 9 (1797)8 ( 200 ) ( ) 37 6 ( ) 38 8 (1837) 16 (1795 1872) 3 9 (1724) 2 (1869) ( 3 ) 5 (1748 1821) 39 10 22,655 16 (1639) 40 (1824) ( ) 2 (1805) (1716 35) 41 (1703 75) (1733 1810) 42 73 2 1995 36005 1 6 6 9 1 1 57 361 54 50
() 8 15 (1926)4 15 2 39 (1906)6 11 43 14 (1925)1 1 1 3 1 2 5 3 4 5 著 ( 1988 ) 6(1939 ) 1 5 53 57 (1966 64 ) 1 22 ( 1964 66 ) 7 30 ( 1981 ) 8 7 () 6 ( ) 6 13 (1880) 9 ( 2000 ) 10 (1823 1908 60 著 (1973 ) 11 著 ( 1994 ) 16 ( 1994 ) 12( 1909 ) 13 14 15 (1975 ) 16 1 2( 1935 41 ) 17 P8213 251 18 9 ( 1988 ) 19 2 9 (1773 80) 51
28 6( 1961 ) 20 (1019 62) ( ) 21 2 6 11 著 3 (1969 ) 22 13 7 23 ( 940) (935 940 1 940 1 2 ( 1975 76 ) ( 2002 ) 著 ( 2005 ) 24 1988 9 1996 25,. 3 (1970 )[ 2 ] 26 1 3 著 ( 1975 ) 27 ( 87 1232 42) 28 6 29 ( 1955 ) ( 1992 ) 30 1 著 11 1 (1959 ) 31 1 3 ( 1996 ) 32 著 ( 1998 ) 33 34 2 1( 1982 ) 35 27 13 15 (1993 ) 36 1 22 ( 1964 67 )[ 6 9 ] 37 ( 1981 ) 1746 4 38 4 ( 1972 ) 39 著 (1995 ) 40 16 (1639) 3 7 106 17 (1612)3 () (padre ) () 3 1623 1651 14 15 52
15 2 9 1623 12 50 1 9 ( ) 4 3 2 9 著 (1999 ) 41 7 42 著 ( 1975 ) 43 (The Encyclopedia of World Modern Warships)2002 hush.gooside.com/text/jiten-sakuin.html 53
1 (1644 1694) (1684) (1689) (1690) (1694) (1770 1842) 1 2 2 (1689)5 11 ( ) 6 13 ( ) 25 10 7 (1778) 3 4 5 6 7 8 ( 3 ) 2 (1674) ( 18 ) ( ) () ( ) ( ) 9 1 (6km) ( ) ( ) 3 54
8 7 3 (1683) 7 14 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 7 13 ( 8 27 ) 14 () () ( ) 8km 8 (1875) 4 (1915) ( ) 1 ( )( ) ( ) ( ) 11 (1665 1731) 14 12 55
2 () 13 (1630 1714) 14 2 (1685) 15 3 2 9 7 1826 39 8 (1839 44) 9 (1844 61) 10 (1861 68) 4 150 14 (1939) 2 (1689)2 () 16 (1704) 17 ( ) 15 鏁 4 3 (1751) ( ) 56
5 (1776) (1734 1809) 19 ( ) (1716 84) 9 (1772) ( 1738 91) 20 ( ) 21 (1661 1738) 22 (1605 82) 11 (1634)7 6 (1693)12 11 18 19 ( ) 9 (1797) 23 (985 )10 4 (1583 1657) 24 ( ) 57
() 25 26 8 (884)9 4 (862 ) ( ) 20 56 ( 170m) 1 3 ( 4m) 1 6 ( 5m) 8 (884) 20 4 (862) 20 4 (904) 2 3. 3 (1242) ()(1264 75) 27 5 (1600) 8. 5 (1776) () 28 (150 45.5m) 艜 51 ( ) 7 1795 () 29 ( 1747 93) 2 (1790)6 11 30 5 6 (1764 1837 500 ) 48 11 (1799)3 20 9 14 172 31 4 3 () 4 9 4 58
31 43 (1765 1831) 32 33 34 4 (1807) 8 23 28 20 24 28 7 (1824) 35 ( 4 8 ) 35 2 ( ) 37 2 1 5 2 (1825 59)(1848) 64 (1801 68) 38 ( 1825 59) (1848) 3 6 1859 10 35 11 (1840) 12 2 39 59
6 ( 1852) 5 (1852) 3 12 6 6 ( ) (1558 1637) 4 (880 851 ) 4 1978 2 7 100 10 2 ( ) 40 1120 1156 41 4 2 2 3 ( ) 10 (1827) 42 60
43 100 20 3 100 1797 1858 44 69 2 ()( ) ( ) 60 ( 110m) ( ) ( ) 2 1824 2 (1875 1947) ( ) 45 61
46 Victoria Albert Museum 47 3 17 2 艜 48 4 4 (1775)8 5 11 1 3 49 4 3 4 30 50 ( ) (Urtica japonica)(urtica nivea) 51 1826 52 53 2 (1862) 15 (1883) ( )( ) 1880 ( 13 )6 14 () () 14 54 17 7 () 62
() 11 (1922) 15 (1882)8 7 11 3 1 9 11 (1878)6 3 55 6 30 ( ) () ( ) 12 12ft(3.6m) ( ) (1) 1 葊 著 (1986 ) 2 (1649 1710) (1944 ) 3 4 (1946 ) (1969 ) 1 ( 1973 ) (1979 ) ( 1980 ) (1983 ) 著 (1988 ) ( 1993 ) 著 ( 1995 ) ( 1996 ) ( 1998 ) ( 2000 ) 63
NHK (KCC 2001 ) 著 ( 2006 ) 5 (2006 ) 6 2 7 4 ( ( 2000 ) 86 3 2. ( 1980 ) 116. 7. ( 1981 ) 9 ( ) ( ) 34 ( 62m) 2 (1689 ) 27 2 (1662 ) 3 () ( ) ( 6 ) 15km 10 1639 1707 3 1683 3 1690 6 2 5 5 2 1979 11 12 (1959 ) 42006 2 13 著 (1983 ) 14 著.98 (1991 ) 15H9-1-4 3/12 16 著 (1973 ) 17 ( 1900 ) 18 28 2008 2008 19(1968 ) 20 13. ( 1970 ) 21 (1661 1738) 64
22 (1605 82) 10 (1670) 23 (2001 ) 24 1 (1991 ) 25 26 901 50 3 30, (1986 ) 27 著 ( 1901 ) 28 著 ( 1901 ) 29 著 ( 1901 ) 30 3 著 ( 1969 ) 31 17 (1999 ) 32 (1756 1831)(12 )( ) 11 (1814) 11 (1828) 33 5 34 4 (1804) 17 35 5 (1720) ( 1 ) 36 著 ( 1901 ) 著 1 ( 1979 ) 37 5 3 1 38 (1930 ) 39 著 ( 1973 3 40 ( 1983 ) 41 1996 42 12 3 ( 1977 ) 43 44 45(1948 ) 46 (18 ) (98.7 271.2cm) 6 ( (1688 1703)(1716 36) 65
3 3 1 1 2 (1975 ) 47 1851 1 1852 (Crystal Palace) 48 9 (1976 ) 4 49 (C P Thunberg) 1743 (Uppsala) (Arend Willem Feith) 5 (1776)3 ( 1994 3 4 1828 85 (Engelbert Kaemper 1651 1716 1690 92) 3 50 C.P. 著 ( 1994 ) 51 (Philipp Franz von Siebold 1796 1866 1823 28 1859 62) 6 (1823) 24 3 52 著 ( 1967 ) 53 (Sir Ernest Mason Satow 1843 1929 (1862 63 1870 80 1895 1900)) 1843 66
1 2( 1992 ) 54( 1973 ) 14 16 (1883) 17 55 著 ( 1973 ) Unbeaten Tracks in Japan,1880 67
(1 4 (1868)2 3 ( ) 270 7 17 1868 9 8 3300 ( 4,000 ) 9 20 2 (1855)5 2 (1865)5 2 (1866)9 9 12 4 4 1,500 1 ( ) 2 (5,600 ) 3 ( ) 4 185 10.. ( ( ) 32 (58.2m) 3 (5.5m) 220 (400m) 4 (7.3m) 3 (90cm) ( ) 124 ( 225m) 3 ( 5.4m) 78 4 (1.2m) 78 1 124 1 (78 1) 79 78 45 1 3 4 6 (1.05m) / ( ) 6.5 7.0 22 4 (3 4 2 ) 24 2 (4 2 ) 3 3 9 4 8 3 (18 ) 3 9 4 6 48 5 (30 ) 9 1/3 68
3 9 (54 16.4m) 艜 ( ) ( ) 1 2 2 4 6 1 (3m) (1764) 10 100. ( ) gypsum 1 2 12 13 5 6 10 3 ( ) 10 3 4 7 10 5 8 6 11m 5 ( 9m) 7 ( 2.1m) 6 ( 1.8m) 28 5 2 100 (182m) 8 ( 77.2mm) 12 1 12 (22m) 69
99 (594m 3 ) 2 ( ) 2 190 (345.4m) 320 (1.2 ) 2 7 11 88 44 (165 )880 1 5 33 3 20 1 26 8,000 / ( 1,000 ) 1kg 20 3 5 ( 33.4mm) 98 (178m)26 500 ( 99.4kg) 1 (1.818m) 270 1m 558g 2 3 (1863) (1865) 491 2,915 1 6 1 3 28 9 2 24 2 2 ( 4.5 ) 1 5 (1863 40) ( ) ( ) 106m 36 10 13 10 ( ) 10 (18 ) 1 2 3 5 3 70
3 2 30 (54 ) ( ) 20 (36 ) ( ) 10 (18 )3 3 36 60 (108 ) (5.4m) ( 3,644 ) 6 30 60 1 135 800 16.9 10 22 2 10 15 12 22 3 28 (1839 93) 11 500 ( ) (replica) (1839 92) 71
2 5 (1872) 18 ( ) 6 12 9 6 7 11 (1878)8 3 11 9 7 (1874) 11 8 30 6 12 16 1883 2 13 14 (1881)1 70 (126m) 40 (72m) 2 14 11 (1878)9 3 9 20 () 9 29 10 1 15 ( ) 16 300 400 11 3 14 7 10 17 11 14 9 3 1 6 ( )( 1862 69) 2 3 ( 1992 ) 9 4 3 ( 44 ) 1 6 5 10 27 1 6 4 1. 5 ( 1964 ) 1. 1.( 1999 ) 5 4 2 9 27 ( ) 72
6 ( 2005 ) 92 120 3 (1928) 7 2 (1830 74) 8 26M 2 (1682) (1711) 4 (1747) 3 (1718) 13 (1763) 14 (1729 3 (1867) 9 1996 10 HP 11 (1839 92) () 12, ( 1982 ) 13 13 : 2062 14 ( 1878 ) 15 (1852 1914) 16 9 (1876) 7 14 16 (1883) 17 ( 1996 ) 10 2 43 (1968) 54 (1979) 11 ( ) ( ) 13 12 5 (1872) 11 (1878) 17 13 (1880) 3,625 69,994 32,894 1 2.12 1.34 22 () 73
13 23 1890 10 1921 122 15 1610 74