Gengo Kenkyu 130 2006 1 42 1 * 1. 1988 2 3 5 6 7 * 2006 6 17 132 3
2 2. 2.1 1 1 1 [ [ [[ [[ ] [ ] ]] [ ]]! [!!! [!! - % % CV 2.2
3 2 / / /=/ /]/ 2 2000 2 / =/ / =/ / ] / / ]/ E. D. 1937; 1943; 1974
4 3 2 1 2 1 3 3 1 2 3 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 2 1 2 1 1 1955 5 3 1 1
5 1974: 76 1997; 1998 3 3 3 2 3 3
6 1988 II-1 2/3/4 5 / 2 1 2 4 5 2 II- 2.3 4 1951: 60 4
7 3. 3.1 = 1974: 82 83 2 1979 2 1975 5 16 5.1 2 1988: 68 1979 8 1979 8 12 1996 2 3 2006
8 5 I II III -1 *[ -1 *[ -1 *[ -2 *[ ]] -2 *[ ] -2 *[ ] -3 * -3 * -3 *[ ] -4 * [ -4 * -5 * [ ]] -5 * [ -6 * [ -7 * [ ] I II II II III III -1 *[ ] *[ -2 * [ ]] * [ -1 *[ ] *[ -2 * [ ]] * [ -1 *[ ] *[ -2 * [ ]] * [ -1 *[ ] *[ -2 * [ ]] * [ -3 * [ ] * [ I II 1 2 4 II 2 4 3.2 5 4 a 1 2 3 4.3 II-1 5 II-1 3 2 1
9 A b 1 1 6 [ [ [ ] [ [ ] [! [! [ ] [! [ ] 7 [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] c 8 1 [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] ] 2 [ [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] ] 1 [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] ] 2 [ [ ] [ ] [ ] ] [ [ ] 3 [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] ] [ ] [ ] ] 1 [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] ] 2 [ ] [ ] ] [ ] [ ] ] [ [ ]
10 1 / ] ] ] / 3 / ] / - / ] / / ] ] / 8 / ] ] / / ] ] ] ] / 3.3 a 1 9 3 * *[ ] [ ] 9 9 *[ * [ * [ * *[ ] [ ] 10 3 10 i 1 1 ii iii 10 i ii 11 11b 11c 1 [
11 4 5 [ 1 i 1 2 3 1975: 170 11 4 5 11 1977: 163 164 * a b c d e f g II-1 [ =[ [ [ ] [ ] = [ ] II-2 3 [ ] =[ ] =[ ] =[ ] [ ] [ ] II-4 [ = [ [ =[ [ = [ II-5 [ ]] [ [ =[ [ = [ 1 1 b 1 1975: 171 175, 186 189 c
12 3.4 a b 1975 12 1975: 175 12 II-1 *[ *[ ]] III-1 *[ *[ ]] *[ ] 1974 12 2 3 13 II-1 *[ ] 4. 3 3 1988
13 4.1 2 5 40 5 14 3 /]/ 3 1985 / / [! = /!/ 4 / / 15! 2 2 1 1 5 3 4 2 / ] / 2 4 /!/ [!!
14 14 / ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] / /!!!!!! ]! ]! ] / / ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] / 15 [!! [! [! [! [! [! [! [! [! ] 16-5.1 16 I-1,2 II-1,2 III-1,2,3 (-) II-3, III-4,5 (-) I-3 II-4,5 III-6,7 (-)
15 4.2 17! & 2 [! [! [ % [ 17 II-1 3/2/4/5 /!!!!! ]! ]! ]! ]! ] / /& & & & & ] & ] & ] & ] / 4.3 18! 5 2 1 5 2
16 18 /!!!!!!! ]! ]! ]! ]! ] / / ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] / 5. 1988 5.1 3 1 3 1 / 4 19 4 19 /
17 19 19 I-1 *[!! II-1 *[! III-1 *[! -2 *[ ]] -2 *[ ] -2 *[ ] ( *[! ] ) -3 * -3 * -3 *[ ] -4 * [ -4 * -5 * [ ]] -5 * [ -6 * [ -7 * [ ] I II-1 *[ ] *[! II III-1 *[ ] *[! *[! I II-2 * [ ]] * [ II III-2 * [ ]] * [ * [ II-1 *[ ] *[! III-1 *[ ] *[! II-2 * [ ]] * [ III-2 * [ ]] * [ III-3 * [ ] * [ 5.2 1 20 ] 2! 1 3 2 20 *[! [ ] 3.3 iii 1 i ii 11 2
18 II-5 * [ ]] [ 8 1. 2 21 1988: 39, 43 21 *[! *[! *[! *[ ] = *[ ] = [ ] *[! = *[! *[ [ *[! *[ ] = *[ ] = [ ] *[! = *[! *[ [ [ ] * 22 * 23 1 22 *[! [
19 22 23 *[! [ *[ [! *[! ] [ ] *[ ] [! ] *[! ] [ ] *[ ] [! ] 6. 1988 *[! 12 *[ ]] *[ ] 13 1988 6.1 1990: 194 195 1 [ ] [ ] [ [ ] [ ]] [! [ ] [ ]] [ [ ] [ [ ] [! 3
20 [! [ ] [! ] 2 1 + [ [ ] [ ]] [ ]] [ ]] [! [! 1 [!! 2 [! [!! 6 HHM H L F R M M 6 20
21 6.4 [ [ ] 6.3 6.2 2002 2001a, b 7 2 6.2.1 24 24 1500 8 7 8
22 1996: 33 34 6.2.2 25 2 5 1/2/3/4/5
23 25 1/2 3/4/5 1 3/2/4/5 1/2/3/4/5 1 2/3/4 5 1/2 3/4 5 1/2/3/4 5 2 1 2/3/4 5 1/2 3/4 5 6.3 1 1996 26 *[ [! [ ] [!
24 26 [ *[! [ ] 3 2 3 *[! [ ] *[ [ ] *[ [ ] 23 22 26 80 2 50 2 40 1 II-1 3 [ 50 2 [! 1996: 338 40 [ 6.1 26 [ [ ] p. 193 [ [ ] 6.4 1988 1993; 1995; 1997
25 27 28 27 28 27 I-1 *[ ]] [ ]][ II-1 *[ ]][ [ ] [ III-1 *[ ] [ -2 * -2 * -2 *[ ] -3 *[ [ -3 * [ -3 * -4 *[ -4 * [ -5 *[ ] -5 * [ * [ ] -6 *[ -7 *[ ] 28 I-1 *[[ [ ]] II-1 * [ ]] [ ] III-1 * [ ] -2 *[[ [ -2 * [ -2 * -3 *[ ]] [ ] -3 *[ -3 * [ -4 *[ ] -4 * [ -5 *[ ]] ** -5 *[ -6 *[ ] -7 *[ ] 1993 2 *HLH 2 H 3 i
26 p. 63 ii M H M L 3 H L 2 M p. 39 iii HHM HLH i ii M H L H 2 p. 39 iii i
27 27 29 33 5 6.4.1 27 29 1 * [ ] 27 1 LLL 4 HLHL HLHH HLLH 3 28 27 30 * [ ] *[ ] [ 30 1 1 * [ ]
28 *[ ] [ *[ ] [ 1 HLH 27 1993: 64 65 28 L H II-5 19 9 LL FL LLL L F 27 28 9 1993 2 H 1 2 H dissimilation p. 38 1 p. 43
29 31 26 = 27 2 LL FL L H 2 1993: 69 a b c L H 2 a b c 31 b c H L H L H L LHL 29 1997 III-5 LHH LHL HHL LHH 6.4.2 2
30 32 / a 6.4.4 b 27 28 III-4 c a b c 3 a c 1984 b 27 27 c 1984 5 19 II-1/2 3/4 5 II-1 2/3/4 5 II-1 2 / _/ II-3 / [ / /4 5 /[ / 3 4 5 / _ _ [ [ / 2 A /B
31 II-1 2 A /3 4 5 B N 3 II-1/2 3/4 5 a b c a b c c
32 [ _ [ ]] [ ] 3 6.4.3 3 33 *[ ] [ *[ ] [ [! downstep *[ ] [ [ ] singlepeaking *[ ] [ [ plateauing 3 p. 40 10 plateauing Goldsmith 3 HMH HHH 1977: 296 *[! [ 6.4.4 4 10 HLH -H HLHH -HH -HH
33 34 II-1/2 3/4/5 II-1/2 3/4 5 II-1 2/3/4 5 -] -] /- =/- ] - ] 1943 28 ] ] ] ] = = ] ] ] ] 4 1993 - ] 27 27 28 2 1997: 249 250 6.4.5 1995; 1997 35 III-5 36 27
34 III-5 * [ ] *[ ] [ a [! b [ ] lexical diffusion 36 a : [! [ ] b : [ ] a/b 2 6.5 2003: 257 37 7
35 7. 6.4.5 35 36 6.5 19 7.1 38 38 *[[ < > *[[ ]]< > *[[ < > *[[ < > *[[ < > *[[ ] < > *[[ ] < > *[[ ] < > *[[ ] < > *[[ < > *[[ ] < > 19 11 < > 5 2002: 178 11 / [ / [
36 6.4.5 III-5 a/b 1951: 21 22 III-7 a/b 2 39 III-5a * [ III-5b * [ ]] III-7a * [ ] III-7b * [ ]] 12 7.2 *[ ]] *[ ]] 3 *[ ]] *[ ]] *[ ]] *[ ] *[ ]] *[ ] = 7.3 40 *[[ ] 13 41 12 1987: 64 III-7b *[[ ] III-6 b *[[ III-6b - * [ *[ III-6b *[[ < > - *[[ III-6 2 13 / ] / / / / / / ] / / ] /
37 19 40 41! _ 2 ] [ 2 1 5 2 8 3 12 40 I-1 *[!! II-1a *[! III-1a *[! -2 *[ ]] -1b *[! ]] -1b *[! ]] -3 * -2 *[ ] -2 *[! ] -4 *[[ -3 * -3 *[ ] -5 *[[ ]] -4 * [ -4 * -5 * [ ]] -5a * [ -6 *[[ -5b * [ ]] -7 *[[ ] -6 * [ -7a * [ ] -7b * [ ]] -8 *[[ -9 *[[ ]
38 41 I-1 *! II-1a *! III-1a *! -2 *! ] -1b *! ] -1b *! ] -3 *_ -2 *! ] -2 *! ] -4 *_[ -3 *_ -3 *! ] -5 *_[ ] -4 *_ [ -4 *_ -5 *_ [ ] -5a *_ [ -6 *_[ -5b *_ [ ] -7 *_[ ] -6 *_ [ -7a *_ [ ] -7b *_ [ ] -8 *_[ -9 *_[ ] 7.4 19 1988 2 1 = ] = ] 42 *[[ (-) [ (-) 43 /! ]!! ] ] ] / 2006: 78 79
39 44 / ] ] ] ] ] / / ] / / / B A A A - - - *[[ (-) *[[ (-) [ (-) III-5a III-4 III-5b [ ] [ [ ] III-7b III-6 III-7a 1997 1998 2003 1
40 3 249 260 1977 5 281 321 1984 47: 1 53. 1985 40(2): 75 179. 1987 2 42(1): 15 70. 1988 88 35 73. 1996 211: 27 34. 1997 2 231 270 2000 4(3): 22 23. 2002 3 163 186 1990 1937 7(6): 1 43. 1943 105 210 1974 1975 1977 11 129 180 2006 0
41 II: 115 127. 1996 1974 17: 1 18. 2006 1951 43 65 1979 21 22 8(11): 97 107, 8(12): 100 114. 1993 103: 37 91. 1995 14: 557 581. 1997 189: 55 68. 2001a 72 49 62 2001b 2001 156 163 2002 11 409 424 1943 7: 1 26.
42 2 2 Abstract On the Reconstruction of Japanese Accents Zendo Uwano (University of Tokyo) Based on the modern dialects and ancient documents I propose a proto-accent system of the mainland Japanese dialects. For the highbeginning series I hypothesize the falling pattern of the form HHMMinstead of the high-level pattern HHHH-. For the low-beginning series I incorporate the Kyosei tone that is, words with the rising pitch into the system. On the whole, the proto-system consists of the two tonal patterns, falling and low-level, and the two accent kernels, rising and lowering, and the system contains more oppositions than that previously proposed. 2006 11 22 2006 11 25