1) 1-1 1

1) 14 2) (1) 2.2 3) (1)(2) 2

3

1-2 1214 4) 4

2. 2.1 2-1 5

2-2 2-1 6

7 2.2 2-2

8

3. 3.1 3.2 1) 1 14 2003 9

3.2.1 3-1 (1) 2 2 2 ASTER DN 0255 DN 2 2 2 DN (2) 10

GSLR DN 3-1 3.2.2 DN (1) DN DN DN LR GSLR LR 2 GSLR LR 2 2 : Gray Scale Log Residual - -, Vol.12 No.3 pp.29-43, 1992 11

GSLR DN GSLR DN a) DN (1) DN Rad.sat. Rad. sat. = c( DN 1) (1) c 3-1 3-1ASTER DN DN DN b b = c ( DN 1 min ) (2) b). Rad.sat Tφ Gr In ref. b Rad. sat. T Gr In ref + b (3) = φ DN 254 DN 12

70 Tφ G r I n ref. b Rad.sat.max Rad. sat.max = T φ Gr In ref + b (4) T φ = T φ, b = b, I n = In G r = 1 re f (1),(2),(3),(4) (5) (6) c ( DN DN ) T Gr In min φ c( DN ) T 1 In ref 254 min φ ref (5) DN DN min Gr ref (6) 254 DN ref min (6) ref ( Gr / ref ) (6) 3-2 DN LR LR 3-2DN 13

(2) a) 3-3 1.2km1.2km ASTER 3-4 3-4 12 DN km 1.0 0.5 0.0 3-3 ASTER =18 =14 =12 3-4 14

3-2 1024 3-2 3-2 3-2 2000 b) 3-3 3-3 15

3-5 16 3-6 3-3 Ward S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 3-5 16

S9 S10 S11 S12 S13 S14 S15 S16 3-5 S01 S03 S08 S13 S04 S10 S11 S12 S14 S15 S05 S09 S02 S16 S06 S07 0 40 80 120 160 3-6 Ward 17

3-3 3-7 3-8 ASTER 1 3-9 ASTER 3-7 18

3-8ASTER 19 3-9ASTER 69 6 9 R B6B 9 NDI B6+ B9, B7+ B8 (7) NDI B6+ B9, B7+ B8 ( R = ( R B6 B6 + R + R B9 B9 ) ( R ) + ( R B7 B7 + R + R B8 B8 ) ) (7) NDI B6+ B9, B7+ B8 3-10 (7) NDI B6 + B9, B7 + B8 19

3-10 69 (8) NDI R R B1 B5 B1, B5 = (8) RB 1 + RB5 (7) 1 5 (8) 3-13 3-11 3-12 ASTER 19 20

3-13 ASTER 1,5 3-14 2 ASTER 3-14 3-15 (3) 1 NDVI NTT 21

22 2 3-16 DN DN DN DN 3-16 3.2.3 3-17 5 9 ASTER 3 2 1 3-18 3-19 3-4 3-5

23 3-4 3-5 3-17 ASTER 3-18 1.0 0.0 km 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 1.0 0.0 km 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 1.0 0.0 km 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 1.0 0.0 km 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

km 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 3-19 24

3-4 3-5 3.2.4 25

3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 3-20 Definiens ecognition 26

3-20 2km 3.3.3 3-6 27

3-6 28

3.3.4 3-21 29

30

3.3.5 31

3-22 2km 32

3-23 [] [ ] [ ] [] [] [] [] [] 3-24 3-7 3-7 1 1 33

3-24 2km 3-7 (a) (b) (c) a/(a+c) b/(a+b) 8 44 2 80.0 84.6 3.3.6 34

3 80.0% 84.6% 80% 97% 3.4 3.4.1 3.4.2 35

3.4.3 (i) k f i (k),(k=1,2,) (i) F(k),(k=1,2,) F(k) 1 P(k),(k=1,2,) P(k) P(k) Angular Second Moment { P ( k) } 2 k Entropy P k ( k) log{ P( k) } 36

3.4.4 3-25 37

3.3.4 38

3.4.5 3.3.5 2 1 2 (1) 39

7 (a) 2km 3-26 40

(b) 2km 3-26 7 3-23 17 3-27 41

(a) 1 290m (b) 2 290m 3-27 42

(c) 3 290m (d) 4 290m 3-27 43

(e) 5 290m (f) 6 290m 3-27 44

(g) 7 290m 3-27 3-28 3-8 3-8 1 1 45

3-28 2km 3-8 (a) (b) (c) a/(a+c) b/(a+b) 5 19 2 71.4 79.2 (2) (1) (1) 2 46

3 3-29 (1) 7 3-29 2km 7 3-23 17 3-30 47

(a) 1 290m (b) 2 290m 3-30 48

(c) 3 290m (d) 4 290m 3-30 49

(e) 5 290m (f) 6 290m 3-30 50

(g) 7 290m 3-30 3-31 3-9 3-9 1 1 51

3-31 2km 3-9 (a) (b) (c) a/(a+c) b/(a+b) 6 20 1 85.7 76.9 (3) 2 2 2 2 3-10 52

3-10 (a) (b) (c) a/(a+c) b/(a+b) 5 19 2 71.4 79.2 6 20 1 85.7 76.9 11 39 3 78.6 78.0 3.4.6 3 78.6% 78.0% 80% 97% 3.5 3.5.1 3 2 (1) 53

(2) 80.0% 84.6% (3) 78.6% 78.0% 3.5.2 3-32 3-32(a) 3-33 3-32(a),(b) 3-34 54

(a) 5km 6km 3-32 55

(b) 5km 6km 3-32 56

3-33 5km 6km 57

3-34 [] 5km 6km 58

3.5.3 3-35 3-35(a) 3-36 3-35(a),(b) 3-37 (a) 14km 10km 3-35 59

(b) 14km 10km 3-35 60

3-36 14km 10km 3-37 [] 14km 10km 61

2 3.5.4 4.3 16 6 4 2 3-386 4 (a) 2 290m 3-38 62

(b) 4 290m (c) 5 290m 3-38 63

(d) 8 290m (e) 1 290m 3-38 64

(f) 6 290m 3-38 (a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 5 65

(d) 8 2 (e) 1 2 (f) 6 66

3.5.5 (1) (2) 6 6 6 (3) 3.6 3.6.1 67

3.6.3 (1) (a) (b) 3.4.4 68

(c) 0.2 3.3.4 3.4.4 0.2 0.1 0 1.0 1/10 (2) 3.4.5 3.4.5 69

(a) 3-39 2km 3-11 (a) (b) (c) a/(a+c) b/(a+b) 7 22 0 100.0 75.9 70

(b) 3-40 2km 3-12 (a) (b) (c) a/(a+c) b/(a+b) 6 17 1 85.7 73.9 (c) 2 3-13 71

3-13 (a) (b) (c) a/(a+c) b/(a+b) 7 22 0 100.0 75.9 6 17 1 85.7 73.9 13 39 1 92.9 75.0 3.4.5 78.6% 78.0% 92.9% 75.0% (1)-(a) 3.6.2 2 AND AND 3.6.1 (1) 3.4.5 3.4.5 72

(a) 3-41 2km 3-14 (a) (b) (c) a/(a+c) b/(a+b) 7 8 0 100.0 53.3 73

(b) 3-42 2km 3-15 (a) (b) (c) a/(a+c) b/(a+b) 6 8 1 85.7 57.1 (c) 2 3-16 2 74

3-16 (a) (b) (c) a/(a+c) b/(a+b) 7 8 0 100.0 53.3 6 8 1 85.7 57.1 13 16 1 92.9 55.2 3.6.1 92.9% 75.0% (2) (1) 3.5.2 3-43 75

3-43 [] 2km 76

2 3.6.3 (1) 3-44 3-441 1 3-44 77

(%) 3-44 (2) (1) (1) 3.6.2 3 3-45 78

(a)lv1 (b)lv2 (c)lv3 3-45 3.6.4 (1) (2) 6 (3) 79

3.7 3 (1) 2 2 1 (2) 8 10 8 80

(3) 8 10 8 (4) (5) 6 (6) 3-17 81

3-17 82

3-18 3-46 3-18 2 IKONOS:4mQuickbird:2.8m 9 6 83

A C B D 3-46 84

A B C D 3-46 85

86

4. 4.1 4.1.1 (1) (2) 4.1.2 (1) A GIS (2) B (3) C (4) D 4-1 87

4-1 88

89 4.2 4.2.1 4-1 AD 4-1 4.2.2 4-2 14km 14km 6km5km

4-2 4-3 14km 10km14km 4-3 90

4.2.3 4-4 4-4 4.2.4 4-5 1) 91

GIS ID 2) 4-5 GIS 4-2 92

4-2 GIS 4-3 93

4-3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4-4 4-4 1 2 3 4 5 4-5 4-5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 94

4-6 4-6 1 2 20 ] 4-7 4-7 1 (m^3) 2 3 15 4.2.5 3.5 4-8 QuickBird IKONOS 4-8 IKONOS 2003 8 11 5km6km QuickBird 2003 8 3 14km10km 95

4-9 4-9 QuickBird 2002 7 31 14km14km QuickBird 2003 11 7 14km14km QuickBird 2002 8 3 14km14km QuickBird 2002 11 12 14km14km 4.2.6 A 4-6 A A A 4-6 A 96

B 4-7 B A 4-7 B C 4-8 C 4-8 C 97

D 4-9 D A B 4-9 D 98

99 4.3 4.3.1 A A

100

101

102

103

104 4-10 4-10

105

106

107

4-11 4-11 A1: A1 4-10 4-10 A1 A1 (1) (1) 30 3 100 6 14km14km 20 14km14km 12 (2) 399,824 (2) 8000 14km14km 53000 370,018 (3) 15000 14km14km 30000 11 4 11 4 (3) 7 1 7 6.5 A2: A2 4-11 20m 108

30m 4-11 A2 A2 (1) (1) 20m20m 2030m 1m IKONOS (2) (2) A3: A3 4-12 4-12 A3 A3 (1) (1) (2) (2) A4: GIS A3 4-13 GIS 109

GIS (1/1500 ) GIS 4-13 A4 A4 (1) (2) (2) 1.5m A5 A5 4-14 110

4-14 A5 A5 (1) (1) 4.3.2 B B1: B1 4-15 4-15 B1 B1 (1) (1) B2: B2 4-16 111

4-16 B2 B2 (1) (1) (2) 1 1 B3 B3 4-17 4-17 B3 B3 (1) (1) 4.3.3 C C1: C1 4-18 112

113 4-18 C1 C1 (1) (1) 4.3.4 D D1: D1 4-19 4-19 D1 D1 (1) (1)

4.4 (1) 20 2 GIS GIS GIS 4-20 4-21 4-20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 4-21 1 2 3 114

(2) 5 115

116

5. 3 5.1 5.1.1 1 2 5.1.2 E 2 F 110 3 G 117

5-1 5.2.6(1) 118

5.2 5.2.1 352730 1400910 14km 14km 5.2.2 119

120

5.2.3 5.2.4 4.2.4 121

GIS 122

123

110 124

125

126 csv web DB DB DB DB DB DB web ASP

5.2.5 5.2.6 (1) 127

. 110.. 128

(2) 129

130

1999/12 2000/12 2002/12 140m 1999/12 2000/12 2002/ 2002/12 2003/12 2002/7 2003/12 140m 1999/12 2000/12 2002/ 2002/12 2003/12 5-5 131

132

. 110-110 (a) 133

(b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (a) (b) (a), (b). 4 134

135

5.3 5.3.1 E 140m 136

1999/12 2000/12 2002/12 2002/ 2003/12 137

300 1999/12 2000/12 2002/12 330m 138

2002/ 2003/12 139

140

< > 14km14km 50km50km < > 1 141

5.3.2 F 2 142

GIS 143

5.3.3 G 144

145

146

147

5.4 5 148

6. 6.1 6.1.1 45 (1) 4 1) 2) 20m20m 3) 1 149

150 (2) 5 1) 2) 3) 1 (3) 6-1 6-1 1m 1 1 1m 1 1

(4) 1) 2) 3) 4) (5) 1) 2) 151

6-1 6-1 6.1.2 (1) 152

1) ( 1 ) 2) 153

154 6-2 6-2

155 (2) 6-2 6-2 GIS GIS GIS GIS GIS GIS

156 (3) 6-3 6-3 GIS GIS GIS GIS GIS GIS

6.2 6.2.1 (1) (2) 157

GPS PDA 3 6-4 (3) 6-2 (4) 1) 158

2) 6.2.2 GIS 1 1) 2) 4 6-3 159

6-3 3) 160

6-4 1m GIS 4) 161

5) (2) 1) 162

2) 6-4 9 GIS 14 NSDIPA http://www.lasdec.nippon-net.ne.jp/rdd/gis-p/case/lo_case/h14.html 6-5 3) 1 163

1 4) 3 1 164

2 3 (4) 1) 165

2) GIS 3 GIS 166

167 6.3 6.3.1 6-4 6-6 GIS GIS GIS GIS GIS GIS

168 6.2.2 (1) 14km14km 2 QuickBird (2) 6-3 6-5 388 300 6.4 GIS 1,000 2 500 GIS 3,000 1 3,000 1,440 ( ) 2 2,880 ( ) 1,000 2 500 GIS 3,000 1 3,000 1,440 ( ) 2 2,880 ( )

GIS 169

170

7 7.1 7-1 171

3 20 7.2 3 172

1 1 1.1 QuickBird 0.6m SPOT5 60km60km 2.5m 1 QuickBird SPOT5 2 SPOT4 1 1m 10m 1

(a)quickbird (b)spot5 1 QuickBirdSPOT5 2

2 SPOT4 3

1 4

5 1.2 ( ) QuickBird 2.4m 3 QuickBird 4 SPOT4 2 5 RRed GGreen BBlue IRInfraRed SPOT RGIRSWIRShort Wave InfraRed Landsat TM Landsat TM ETM+ RG BIRSWIR TIRThermal InfraRed RGB IR SWIR TIR

3 QuickBird 4 SPOT4 6

2 7

2 8

GBR NIR SWIR IKONOS 1 2 3 4 Quick Bird 1 2 3 4 OrbView 3 1 2 3 4 SP OT2 1 2 3 SP OT4, 5 Landsat 5, 7 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 7 5 Terra ASTER 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 (m) 5 9

2 6Landsat 7 3 10

6 Landsat ETM + 3 11

3 m 7RADARSAT-1 4 2004 RADARSAT-2 cm 12

7 RADARSAT-1 4 13

4 8 5 14

8 5 15

QuickBird Digital Globe URL: http://archivetool2.digitalglobe.com/ot/map.jsp;jsessionid=dsuw3g0sd1 IKONOS Space Imaging URL: http://carterraonline.spaceimaging.com/cgi-bin/carterra/phtml/login.phtml SPOT 5 Spot Image URL: http://sirius.spotimage.fr/anglais/welcome.htm 16

17 1 1 GIS ( ) ( ) ( ) GIS GIS

2 GIS 2.1 1 2 2 10 14 GIS http://www.gis.pref.gifu.jp/02side_contents/02model_project/html/index.htm 18

19 (2) CCD 3 3 NDVI NDVI 1k 20,000

20 16bit 1.0m 20cm 10cm 2.2 U 1 4 1/10,000 1/25,000 1/30,000 ADS40 ADS40 ADS40 ADS40

4 1/500 1/1,000 1/2,500 1/5,000 1/10,000 1/3,000~1/4,000 1/6,000~1/8,000 1/10,000~1/12,500 1/20,000~1/25,000 1/30,000 1:6 ~ 1:8 1:6 ~ 1:8 1:4 ~ 1:5 1:4 ~ 1:5 1:3 2 ( ) 2003 2 20038 21

22 2.1 (1) 1/250001/10000 4 10 (2) () ( ) 1 http://www.jmc.or.jp/photo/photo.html () ()NTT-ME () () () http://www.jmc.or.jp/sale/toritugi.html 305-0821 3-1-8 TEL 029-851-66578 FAX 029-852-4532 http://www.gsi.go.jp/law/2930/index.html

5 2.2 16000 2003 2 () TEL 03-3261-6952FAX 03-3261-3044 http://www.jafta.or.jp/kokusoku/konyu.html 23

2.3 6 1 6 1 2 3 GIS 4 5 58 15 24

25

1. 2. GIS 2-1 (1) GIS (2) (1) 26

27 2-1 3. 3.1 GIS GIS GIS GIS

3.2 3-1 28

3.3 GIS GIS 3-2 29

3.4 3-3 30

4. 4.1 4.2 4-1 31

4-2 4-3 32

4-4 13 33

4.3 4-5 34

4-6 35

5. 36

Quick Bird 2.88m 1512 156 16 1 1 37

m 3 m 3 38

m 3 m 3 39

m 3 40

1 41

42 1.1 () A 14 30 20cm 2 ()SEA B 14 GIS GIS 1.2 1 C 5 5 GIS D 250k GIS E C 4 0

1D 2 E GIS F 1990 1995 1.3 (1) 43

2 ESRI (2) 2000 1.4 (1) 13 3 DM 47 20042 3 2 5 44

5 (2) 11 GIS GIS 1.5 GIS 45

3 http://webgis.pref.okayama.jp/mwiisapok/index.htm H14.3, H15.3 H12.5H12.9 4 GIS 46

1.6 2 http://www.pref.hokkaido.jp/s kikaku/skkgsko/douritsu/hyouka/h14ka dai/12rinsi/b01.pdf http://www.pref.iwate.jp/~hp5 507/gaiyou/keikaku/zenkikeik aku/teima4.htm http://www.pref.miyagi.jp/res_ center/tayori/no166/rimose n.htm http://www.pref.tochigi.jp/kik aku/ma/pdf2003/3/4.pdf http://www.pref.gifu.jp/s11439 /gyoumu/gyoumu-3.htm http://www.chusankan.jp/gis/ http://www.pref.saga.jp/nouri n/nougyoushikensenta/kenky u/nouse/syoukai/kikakuryuut uu/jouhou.html 1.7 408 1 11 600m 5000 1 47

20cm 3 3 3 11 3 12 15 141224 1.8 4 3 48

(1) 3 (2) 49

50 3 4 4

51 4 m DTM 1/25,000 1/50,000 1 1 3 2 1 1 1

5 5m 15 1 5m 30km 30 1 2m 50km 5 10m 10m 100km 1 10m 100km 2 50m 50150 1 km 1030m 5m 15 1 DTM 5m 50km 1 1030m 5m 15 1 DTM 5m 30km 1 DTM 5m 1 13m 5 12m 10km 1 10m 2 12m 10km 1 12m 12m 10km 1530km 1 1 0.15.0 510m 10km 50100 50100 1 m km 120180E 0.1 1,000m 3,000km 1 0.2 10m 50km 1 100m 1,500km 1 1cm 1020km 1,500km 1 1050km 1,500km 1 1,000km 1,500km 1 1 2km 3,000km 1 30km50km 1,500km 1 1500km 1 20m 10m 30km 2 km 1,000 2,000km 510km 3050km 1 15 15m 1030km 1030km 1 1 12m 1030km 1 1 3km 50 100m 30 50km 52

4 5 4 5 4 5 1ESRI 2 146 3 NASDA NEWS() 1999 4 1988 5 156 53

7 =BA 55

56